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NSEE8
Physics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Distance versus displacement. | Distance is the total amount of space moved, w/o a particular direction (scalar). Displacement describes a change in position, and it has both direction and magnitude (vector). |
| Average speed = | total distance over total time (V=D/T) (scalar) |
| Acceleration = | change in velocity/Change in time |
| average velocity = | displacement (vector) /change in time |
| Dynamics. Otherwise known as... | The study of the forces that lead to motion. Newtonian mechanics or Newton's laws of motion. |
| Kinematics | The branch of mechanics dealing with motion. |
| Year the 3 laws of motion were published. | 1687 |
| Unit for force (vector quantity) | Newton (N) |
| Newton's First Law of Motion | The law of inertia: A body either at rest or in motion w/constant velocity will remain that way unless a net force acts upon it. |
| Newton's Second Law of Motion | A net force applied to a body of a mass will result in that body accelerating in the same direction. The magnitude of (a): magnitude of the net force and inversely proportional to the body's mass. F(sub net)=∑F=ma |
| Newton's Third Law of Motion | If body (A) exerts a force (F) on body (B), then body (B) exerts a force (-F) back on (A). "To every action there is always an opposed but equal reaction." F(sub B) = -F(sub A) |
| Magnitude of the gravitational force | F = Gm(to the 1)m(to the 2)/r(to the 2). G=gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects, and (r) is the distance between their centers. |
| Static friction | (f sub s) is the force that must be overcome to set an object in motion. A force greater than the maximum static friction force is required to cause the object to continue moving. |
| Kinetic friction | The friction force once an object involved is moving. This is less than the static friction force. |
| Work | Responsible for changing the energy of an object. Work is the scalar product of force (F) and displacement (s). W=Fs |
| Joule | Joules (J), or Newton-meter, is a unit of work (W) or energy equal to the work done by a force of one Newton acting through a distance of one meter. W=Fd cos Ø. Ø (with horizontal line) is the angle between the applied force and the displacement. |
| Potential energy | Depends on a body's position rather than motion like kinetic energy. |
| Conservation of Energy | Exists when the work done by nonconservative forces = zero or there are no nonconservative forces so that the total amount of energy (total mechanical energy) remains constant. |
| Power | The rate at which work is done. P=Work/Time |
| Transverse waves | Particles oscillate perpendicular to the direction of the wave motion. |
| Longitudinal waves | Particles oscillate along the direction of the wave motion. |
| Sound waves are what type of waves? | Longitudinal waves. |
| What is sound? | A mechanical disturbance that is dependent upon a medium for travel (anything but a vacuum). |
| What determines the speed of sound? | The spacing of particles in the medium sound is traveling through determines the sound's speed. The smaller the spacing of particles, the faster the sound will travel. |
| How is sound produced? | Either by the vibration of a solid object that sets adjacent molecules into motion, or by means of an acoustic vibration in an enclosed space. Stringed versus brass instruments. |
| Coulomb's law | Opposite charges attract and like charges repel. |
| SI unit of charge | Coulomb (C) |
| Flow of charge. Two types. | Electric current, either direct or alternating. |
| Direction of electron flow compare to direction of current. | In a conductor, negatively charged electrons flow from low to high potentials. Current goes in direction positive charge would flow, from high to low, opposite of electron flow. |
| Resistance. | The opposition within a conductor of the flow of an electric current. |
| Ohm's law | The voltage drop across a resistor is proportional to the current it carries. (Electrical current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.) |
| The unit of electrical resistance | Ohm |
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