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Step 2: Cardio 8
Cardio 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the most common location of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)? | Below Renal arteries |
| What is the major risk factor for AAA? | Smoking (tobacco use) |
| Normal size of Abd Aorta is | <2.5cm |
| Best imaging technique to visualize AAA? | U/S |
| Smokers age ___ to ___ should get AAA screening U/S | 65 to 75 (males) |
| AAA should be surgically repaired if >___cm, or if increasing by more than ___cm in 6months, or if symptomatic | 5.5cm+ OR if increasing by 0.5cm every 6m |
| Prime risk factor for Aortic dissection? | HTN |
| What is the #1 thing to do in case of suspected aortic dissection? Which type req. surical intervention, which type req. medical intervetion? | Stabilize BP! (use B-blockers or nitrates). Type A (ascending aorta) require surgery. Type B (descending aorta) are Rx'd medically. |
| Renal Art stenosis: MCC in <25yo, MCC in >50yo? | <25yo = fibromuscular dysplasia; >50yo = ATH |
| What to give in place of OCPs in a HTN pt? | progestin-only pills/injection<--(medroxy-progest) |
| 3 Features of "hyperdynamic" Septic shock? | increased CO (d/t hyperdynamic circ), low TPR + RA/LA pressure, normal O2 levels (d/t sufficient blood flow b/c of hyperdynamic circ) |
| What 3 tests are done in pt suspected of having PVD? What prophylactic test is done afterward? | 3 tests: Ankle-Brachial Index (<1 is bad), Duplex or Doppler of extremity, Arteriogram of extremity. Extra test to do is Cardiac stress test (to r/o CAD since many PVD pt's have it) |
| Stab would pt developing AV fistula will have the following findings: ___preload, ____pulse, _____ of LV. | increased preload, strong pulse, and hypertrophy of LV. (also, flushing/warm skin) |
| What are the 4 common sites of DVT (in descending order)? | calf, femoral, popliteal, iliac |
| What are the 3 components of Virschows Triad of DVT? | blood stasis, hypercoagulability, vascular damage |
| What test is done to rule OUT DVT (sens)? What test is then done to rule IN DVT (spec)? | 1. d-Dimers 2. USG +/- contrast venography |
| Rx of DVT: What is medical Rx? What is physical Rx? | Med: LMWH initially, warfarin for long-term. Phys: leg elevation, IVC filter if anti-coag are c/i |
| Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): 3 facts | 1. affects 3 systems- kidney, heart, GI 2. assoc with hep B/C 3. angiography shows multiple aneurysms |
| Temporal Arteritis: 3 facts | 1. half of pt's also have polymyalgia rheumatica 2. if suspected, don't wait for Bx results..start Rx. 3. Rx= prednisone (1-2m, taper off), ASA to lower blindness risk, vitD/Ca to counteract prednisone affects on bone, optho f/u |
| Takayasu Arteritis: 3 facts | 1. aka pulseless dz 2. affects Asian women 40yo+ 3. Rx= steroids |
| Churg Strauss dz: 3 facts | 1. aka Allergic arteritis 2. p-ANCA+, eosinophilia 3. can cause mononeuropathy |
| Henloch Schoenlin Purpura: 3 facts | 1.IgA-complex mediates 2. Hx of recent URI, abd pain, kidney dz 3. purpura and kidneys show IgA deposits |
| The Dx of Kawasaki Dz is made by 104F+ fever for 5 days + 4/5 of CRASH Sx: | C- conjunctivitis R- truncal rash A- Adenopathy (cervical) S- Strawberry tongue H- hands/feet desquamation |
| Rx of Kawasaki Dz? | IVIG, ASA (high dose), NO STEROIDS, Echo at beginning and 6w later. |
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