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LOM Book Chapter 17
Language of Medicine Chapter 17 - Created by MTatHome.com
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| accommodation | Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near. |
| acoustic | Pertaining to hearing. |
| acoustic neuroma | Benign tumor arising from the acoustic nerve. |
| amblyopia | Reduced vision (poor eyesight). |
| anisocoria | Inequality in the size of pupils. |
| anterior chamber | Space behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris; contains aqueous humor. |
| aphakia | Absence of the lens of the eye. |
| aqueous humor | Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber of the eye. |
| astigmatism | Abnormal curvature of the eyeball so that rays of light are not focused on a single point on the retina. |
| audiogram | Record of hearing using an audiometer. |
| audiometer | Instrument to measure or test hearing. |
| audiometry | Process of testing hearing. |
| auditory canal | Channel leading from the ear flap to the eardrum. |
| auditory meatus | Opening of the auditory canal to the outside of the body. |
| auditory nerve fibers | Carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex). |
| auditory tube | Channel between the middle ear and the throat; eustachian tube. |
| aural | Pertaining to the ear. |
| auricle | Flap of the ear; pinna. |
| biconvex | Having two sides that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly like part of a sphere. The lens of the eye is biconvex. |
| blepharitis | Inflammation of an eyelid. |
| blepharoptosis | Blepharoptosis is prolapse of the upper eyelid; ptosis. |
| cataract | Clouding or loss of transparency of the lens of the eye. |
| cerumen | Waxy substance secreted by the ear; ear wax. |
| chalazion | Small, hard mass (granuloma) on the eyelid. |
| cholesteatoma | Middle ear mass of cellular debris and cholesterol crystals. |
| choroid | Middle, vascular layer of the eye. |
| ciliary body | Structure on each side of the lens that connects the choroid and iris; contains muscles that control the shape of the lens. |
| cochlea | Snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells. |
| cochlear | Pertaining to the cochlea. |
| cone | Photoreceptor cell in the retina; responsible for color and central vision. |
| conjunctiva | Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball. |
| conjunctivitis | Inflammation of the conjunctiva. |
| cornea | Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball. |
| corneal abrasion | Rubbing off of a part of the outer layer of the cornea. |
| corneoscleral | Pertaining to the cornea and sclera, which is the white of the eye. |
| cycloplegia | Paralysis of the muscles of the ciliary body. |
| dacryoadenitis | Inflammation of tear glands. |
| deafness | Loss of the ability to hear. |
| diabetic retinopathy | Disease of the retina due to long-term effects of diabetes. |
| diplopia | Double vision. |
| ear thermometry | Measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum. |
| endolymph | Fluid within the labyrinth (canals) of the inner ear; conducts sound waves. |
| enucleation | Removal of the eyeball from the orbit of the eye. |
| esotropia | Turning inward of one or both pupils; cross-eyes. |
| eustachian tube | Channel between the middle ear and the throat; auditory tube. |
| exotropia | Turning to the side or outward of one or both pupils. |
| fluorescein angiography | Process of recording (viewing and photographing) the circulation of a fluorescein dye through the blood vessels of the retina. |
| fovea centralis | Tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision. |
| fundus of the eye | Large, posterior inner part of the eye that is visualized with an ophthalmoscope. |
| glaucoma | Fluid accumulation in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye causing increased pressure and damage to the retina. |
| hemianopsia | Absence of vision for one half, right or left, of an individual’s field of vision. |
| hordeolum | Inflammation of an oil-secreting gland in the eyelid; stye. |
| hyperacusis | Excessive sensitivity to sounds. |
| hyperopia | Farsightedness; light rays are focused beyond, instead of directly on the retina. |
| hypertensive retinopathy | Disease of the retina due to high blood pressure. |
| incus | Small anvil-shaped bone (ossicle) in the middle ear; second ossicle. |
| intraocular | Pertaining to within the eye. |
| iridectomy | Removal of a portion of the iris. |
| iridic | Pertaining to the iris. |
| iris | Colored, pigmented portion of the eye, surrounding the pupil. |
| iritis | Inflammation of the iris of the eye. |
| keratitis | Inflammation of the cornea. |
| keratoplasty | Surgical repair of the cornea; corneal transplant. |
| labyrinth | Maze-like series of canals of the inner ear; cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals. |
| lacrimal | Pertaining to tears. |
| lacrimation | Production of tears. |
| laser photocoagulation | Use of a laser to seal retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels. |
| lens | Transparent biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye. |
| macrotia | Abnormally large ears. |
| macula | Yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc; contains the fovea centralis, the area of clearest and central vision. |
| macular degeneration | Deterioration of the macula of the retina and producing a loss of central vision. |
| malleus | Hammer-shaped, small bone (ossicle) in the middle ear. |
| mastoiditis | Inflammation and infection of the mastoid process just behind the ear. |
| Meniere disease | Disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevated endolymph (fluid) pressure. |
| microtia | Abnormally small ears. |
| miosis | Contraction of the pupil of the eye. |
| miotic | Drug that causes the pupil of the eye to contract. |
| mydriasis | Widening of the pupil of the eye. |
| myopia | Nearsightedness; vision for near objects is better than for far. |
| myringitis | Inflammation of the eardrum. |
| myringotomy | Incision of the eardrum. |
| nyctalopia | Night blindness or difficult, poor vision at night. |
| nystagmus | Repetitive, rhythmic movements of one or both eyes. |
| ophthalmic | Pertaining to the eye. |
| ophthalmologist | Medical doctor specializing in the diseases of the eye. |
| ophthalmoscopy | Visual examination of the interior of the eye. |
| optic chiasm | Point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain. |
| optic disc | Region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. |
| optic nerve | Cranial nerve that carries impulses from the rod and cone cells of the retina to the cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe of the brain. |
| optician | Non-medical professional trained in grinding lenses and fitting eyeglasses. |
| optometrist | Non-medical professional trained to examine and measure the eye to prescribe and fit eyeglasses and contact lenses. |
| ossicle | Small bone; malleus, incus, or stapes of the middle ear. |
| ossiculoplasty | Surgical repair of an ossicle (small bone) of the middle ear. |
| otic | Pertaining the ear. |
| otolaryngologist | Specialist (surgeon)in ear, nose, and throat disorders. |
| otomycosis | Fungal infection of the ear. |
| otopyorrhea | Discharge of pus from the ear. |
| otosclerosis | Overgrowth and hardening of bony tissue in the labyrinth (inner ear). |
| otoscopy | Visual examination of the ear using an otoscope. |
| oval window | Membrane between the middle and inner ears. |
| palpebral | Pertaining to an eyelid. |
| papilledema | Swelling of the optic disc; associated with increased pressure within the eye. |
| perilymph | Fluid contained in the labyrinth (canals of the inner ear). |
| phacoemulsification | Lens of the eye is extracted (cataract removal) using ultrasonic vibrations. |
| photophobia | Sensitivity to light. |
| pinna | Outer ear flap; auricle. |
| postauricular | Pertaining to behind the ear. |
| presbycusis | Progressive loss of hearing, occurring in middle and older ages. |
| presbyopia | Impairment of vision associated with middle or older ages. |
| pupil | Dark, central portion of the eye. |
| pupillary | Pertaining to the pupil of the eye. |
| refraction | Bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring light rays into focus on the retina. |
| retina | Sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye. |
| retinal detachment | Separation of the two layers of the retina from each other. |
| retinitis pigmentosa | Inflammation of the retina with pigmentation and progressive scarring of tissue. |
| rod | Photoreceptor retinal cell; essential for seeing objects in low light and for peripheral vision. |
| salpingopharyngeal | Pertaining to the eustachian tube and the throat. |
| sclera | White portion of the eyeball. |
| scleral buckle | Procedure to suture a band of silicone on the sclera directly over a detached portion of the retina. |
| scleritis | Inflammation of the sclera. |
| scotoma | Blind spot in the field of vision. |
| semicircular canals | Passageways in the inner ear that are associated with maintaining equilibrium. |
| serous otitis media | Non-infectious inflammation of the middle ear with accumulation of clear fluid. |
| slit-lamp microscopy | Examination of ocular (eye) structures using a slit lamp and microscope. |
| stapedectomy | Removal of the stapes (third middle ear bone). |
| stapes | Small, stirrup-shaped bone in the middle ear; third ossicle. |
| strabismus | Abnormal deviation of the pupils; esotropia or exotropia are examples. |
| suppurative otitis media | Infectious inflammation of the middle ear with pus formation. |
| thalamus | Relay center in the brain through which optic nerve fibers pass on their way to the cerebral cortex. |
| tinnitus | Ringing, buzzing or roaring sound in the ear. |
| tonometry | Measurement of tension and pressure within the eye; glaucoma test. |
| tuning fork tests | Measure bone and air conduction of sound through the ear. |
| tympanic membrane | Membrane between the outer and middle ear; eardrum. |
| tympanoplasty | Surgical repair of the eardrum. |
| uveitis | Inflammation of the uvea, which is the vascular layer of the eye (including the iris, choroids, and ciliary body). |
| vertigo | Abnormal sensation of moving in space or having objects move about you in space. |
| vestibule | Central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the cochlea and semicircular canals. |
| vestibulocochlear | Pertaining to the vestibule and cochlea. |
| visual acuity test | Measurement of clearness of vision; assessed by reading letters of decreasing size on an eye chart. |
| visual field test | Measurement of the area in front of the eye in any part of which an object is seen without moving the eye. |
| vitrectomy | Removal of vitreous humor. |
| Xerophthalmia | Condition of excessive dryness of the eye. |
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mtathome
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