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PTCB Study Guide 2
Question | Answer |
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Tablets | Combined with fillers and is then compressed into a hard pellet. Available in fast acting, controlled released, enteri coated, film coated, sublingual (placed under tounge), chewable, and other formulations. |
Capsules | Drug is contained in a cylindrically shaped shell, which breaks open and the drug is released. Also includes gelatin capsules. |
Caplet | Oval shaped tablet |
Oral Solutions | Drug is mixed with but not completly dissolved into a liquid. Needs to be shaken before administered in order to suspend the drug particles evenly. |
Syrups | Contains a high concentration of sucrose or sugar to sweeten, for ease of use. |
Elixirs | Contains between 5% and 40% alcohol |
Tinctures | May contain as little as 17% alcohol or as much as 80% alcohol |
Emulsions | A suspension involving one liquid in a second liquid with which the first liquid will not be mixed. (oil and water) |
Oral Powders | Drugs which are in powder form. Usually dissolved in juice or water. |
Lozenge and Troche | Meant to be dissolved slowly in the mouth and generally have local effect. |
Rectal Suppositories | Solid or semi-solid bullet shaped dosage forms. Melt at body temperature dispersing the medication. |
Enemas | Drug is suspended in a solution and infused into the rectum. |
Transdermal Patch | Medicated adhesive patch applied directly on the skin to deliver a specific dosage of a drug.Have different systemic effect and should be rotated to different sites of the body. |
Inhalation | Inhaled through the mouth or nose and usually act directly on the respiratory system before entering into the bloodstream. |
Epidural | Injected into the dura matter (epidural space) of the spinal cord |
Intravenous | Injected in to the vein |
Intramuscular | Injected into the muscle |
Subcutaneous | Injected into the fatty layer under the skin |
Intradermal | Injected into the top layer of the skin at a slight angle |
Intracardiac | Injected into the heart |
Intraoscular | Injected into the eye |
Intrathecal | Injected into the space surrounding the spinal cord |
Intra-Articular | Injected into the joint |
ACE Inhibitors | Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Avoiding angiotensin II may aviod increased blood pressure and vasoconstriction. |
Antibiotics | Inhibits the reproduction of new bacteria cells |
Anti-Convulsants | Supresses the rapid firing of neurons in the nervous system |
Anti-Diabetics | Lowers glucose levels in the blood. Only used to treat Type II Diabetes |
Benzodiazepines | Used as anti-anxiety agents, muscle relaxants, sedatives, and hypnotics. |
BETA Blockers | Block adrenaline receptors, which are part of the central nervous system and mediate a "Fight or Flight" response which would cause actions in the heart. |
Calcium Channel Blockers | Work by blocking calcium channels int he cardiac muscle and blood vessels, thereby slowing down the activity in the heart. |
Diuretics | Used to treat hypertension. Promote evacuation of water from the body with decreases the lad on the cardiovascular system. |
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (-statin) | Inhibit the body's cholesterol production |
NSAIDS | Commonly used as pain killers and fever reducers. Are non-narcotic and can be sold OTC. |
Opioids | Provide an analgesic effect by decreasing the perception of pain and increase pain tolerance |
Proton Pump Inhibitors | Inhibits the action of the gastric proton pump thereby reducing gastric acid production (-prazole) |
S.S.R.I. | Selective Seratonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors increase the body's Seratonin level by inhibiting its re-uptake int the Presynaptic cell. Commonly indicated as an Antidepressant. |
DEA Number Verification | 1.Add 1st, 3rd, and 5th numbers together 2.Add 2nd, 4th, and 6th numbers together. Double it. 3.Add the two totals together 4.Second digit in that total is the check digit. |
Enteral Medications | Given orally and pass through the GI (gstrointestinal |