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68wm6 p2 Pren Car
Prenatal Care
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is TPAL an abbreviation for? | *T-term infants *P-preterm infants *A-aborted pregnancies *L-living children now |
| What is often the first sign of pregnancy? | Amenorrhea |
| When does nausea and vomiting begin and end? | Begins about 6 weeks after LMP began and usually disappears by about 14 weeks |
| What causes nausea and vomiting during pregnancy? | Increase hormones and Decreased gastric motility |
| Define presumptive signs of pregnancy: | indicators that a woman may be pregnant, but these signs may also be indicators of other conditions not related to pregnancy. |
| What are some presumptive signs of pregnancy? | *Amenorrhea *Nausea and vomiting *Breast changes: swelling and tenderness. *Urinary frequency. *Fatigue. *Quickening. *Change in shape of abdomen. *Skin changes. *Chadwickâs sign |
| Define probable signs of pregnancy: | Signs that are observable during the physical and obstetrical exam and can be documented by the examiner. |
| What are some probable signs of pregnancy? | *Goodell's sign *Abdominal enlargement: accompanied by amenorrhea *Hegar's sign *Braxton-Hicks contractions *Ballottement *Fetal outline *Pregnancy tests |
| What is goodells sign? | softening of the cervix and vagina. |
| What is hegars sign? | softening of the lower uterine segment |
| What is ballottement? | palpatory maneuver by which the fetal part is displaced |
| How is the fetal outline found? | by palpation after the 24th week. |
| What are three pregnancy tests? | *Radioimmunoassay (RIA) *ELISA *Home Pregnancy Test Kits |
| What are positive signs of pregnancy (The only signs accepted as positive confirmation)? | *Fetal Heartbeat *Fetal Movements *Visualization of Fetus |
| What is the average duration of a term of pregnancy? | 40 weeks (280 days) after the first day of the last normal menstrual period (LNMP). It is also called 10 "lunar" months of 28 days each or 9 calendar months. |
| How is pregnancy divided? | into three 13-week parts called trimesters |
| What is the Nageles rule in calculating the Estimated Due Date (EDD) | Identify the first day of the last normal menstrual period ,Count backward 3 months, Add 7 days |
| What are the methods of calculating EDD? | *Nageles rule *Gestational wheel *Electronic calculator *Physical exam *Ultrasound |
| When does finding a comfortable position for rest become a problem? | 3rd trimester |
| Fill in the blanks: Women who have no medical or obstetric complications should exercise in moderation each day for _________ or more during pregnancy | 30 minutes |
| What are ideal exersizes during pregnancy? | Walking, swimming, and water exercises |
| In what position is exersizing unsafe, and why? | Supine position, because it may cause decreased cardiac output and hypotension. |
| Fill in the blanks: ___________ protects pregnant women from infections that may develop if normal flora multiplies | Daily bathing |
| What is maternal hypothermia during the first trimester associated with? | Fetal anomalies |
| Fill in the blanks: Caution the pregnant woman not be in a sauna for more than _________ or a hot tub for more than ________ and to keep her head and chest out of the water | 15 minutes, 10 minutes |
| What is douching during pregnancy associated with? | infection, preterm labor, and low birth weight |
| Fill in the blanks: Despite increased vaginal discharge, ________ is unnecessary before, during or after pregnancy | Douching |
| After what week of pregnancy do physicians discourage flying? | 36 weeks |
| What must the pregnant woman prevent while flying? | DVT |
| What are good ways to reduce nausea? | *Dry toast or crackers before rising in the morning. *Fluids between meals rather than with meals. *Small, frequent meals. *Avoid fried, greasy or spicy foods and foods with strong odors |
| What are good ways to reduce ligament pain? | *Good body mechanics and avoid very strenuous exercise *Avoid stretching and twisting at the same time *Bend toward the pain, squat, or bring the knees up to chest *Heating pad |
| What are good ways to reduce backache? | *Maintain correct posture *Good body mechanics *Arm rests, foot supports and pillows *Exercises |
| What are good ways to reduce constipation? | *Drink at least 8 glasses of water/day *Add fiber and avoid over consumption of *cheese *Curtail the intake of sweets *Take Iron as ordered |
| What are good ways to reduce varicosities? | *Avoid constricting clothing and crossing legs. *Elevate legs when resting. *Support hose. *Avoid prolonged standing. Walk around every couple of hours |
| What are good ways to reduce hemorrhoids? | *Anesthetic ointments, witch hazel pads or rectal suppositories. *Sitz baths. *Avoid constipation |
| What are good ways to reduce heartburn? | *Eat small meals throughout the day *Advise to sit up for 30 min after eating and sleep with extra pillows *Use deep breathing and sips of water *May use TUMS or other low sodium antacid. *Do not drink liquids 2 hours before sleep at night |
| What are good ways to reduce Nasal Stuffiness and Epistaxis? | *Raise humidity in house with use of vaporizers *Blow nose gently. *If bleeding occurs, apply pressure and ice and call health care provider if bleeding lasts >5 min. *Saline drops |
| What are good ways to reduce dyspnea? | *Prop upper torso when resting. *Avoid overloading stomach |
| What are good ways to reduce leg cramps? | *Stretch affected muscle until spasm relaxes. *Use massage and heat over affected muscle. *Consult health care provider for ways to restore calcium-phosphorus ratio in the body |
| What are good ways to reduce ankle edema? | *Rest. *Elevate legs. *Avoid restrictive clothing. *Exercise moderately - water aerobics if okay with provider. *DIURETICS CONTRAINDICATED |
| What is the recommended pregnancy weight gain for a normal woman? | 25-35 pounds |
| What is the recommended pregnancy weight gain for an underweight woman? | 28-40 pounds |
| What is the recommended pregnancy weight gain for an obese woman? | 15 pounds |
| What is the recommended pregnancy weight gain for twins woman? | 35-45 pounds |
| How much weight should be gained the 1st trimester? How much for the remainder? | 3.5 in 1st trimester, Just under one pound per week for remainder |
| How much protein per day should the pregnant woman eat? | 25g/day over normal diet |
| How much calcium per day should the pregnant woman eat? | 1000mg/day over normal diet |
| How much iron per day should the pregnant woman eat? | 30mg/day over normal diet |
| How much folic acid per day should the pregnant woman eat? | 0.6mg/day over normal diet |
| Define pica: | the craving and eating of substances that are not normally considered edible. Substances such as clay, ice, dirt, or laundry starch are commonly ingested |
| What ethnic groups are more likely to require calcium supplements, and why? | People from Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Hispanics due to higher rates of lactose intolerance. |
| What are 3 methods of prepared childbirth? | *Dick-Read Method *Bradley Method *Lamaze |
| What is the bradley method of childbirth? | Focuses on natural, drug free childbirth, and abdominal breathing |
| What is the dick-read method of childbirth? | Natural childbirth with as little intervention from obstetricians and health professionals as possible, interrupting the pain/fear/anxiety to reduce pain |
| What foods are good sources of calcium? | Dairy products, green leafy vegetables, salmon and sardines |
| What foods are good sources of iron? | *Fish *Red meats *Whole grains *Dried beans and peas *Dried fruits *Leafy green vegetables |
| Why is sodium no longer restricted in pregnancy and diuretics not advised? | Excess fluid may support blood volume in the mother, should hemorrhage occur. |
Created by:
Shanejqb
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