click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology 11 Ch 4.1
Genetic Processes: 4.1 Cell Division & Genetic Material
Question | Answer |
---|---|
genetics | the study of heredity and variation of living organisms and how genetic information is passed from one generation to the next |
centromere | the region where two sister chromatids are held together in a chromosome |
sister chromatid | one of two chromosomes that are genetically identical and held together at the centromere |
chromosome | a structure in the nucleus that contains DNA |
somatic cell | a plant or animal cell that forms the body of the organism; excludes reproductive cells |
centrosome | a structure that helps to form the spindle fibres |
spindle fibre | a microtubule structure that facilitates the movement of chromosomes within a cell |
genome | the complete DNA sequence of an organism |
sex chromosome | an X or Y chromosome, which determines the genetic sex of an organism |
autosome | a chromosome that is not involved in determining the sex of an organism |
homologous chromosome | a chromosome that contains the same sequence of genes as another chromosome |
gene | a part of a chromosome that governs the expression of a trait and is passed |
allele | a different form of the same gene |
karyotype | a photograph of pairs of homologous chromosomes in a cell |