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Geo of NP Final
Geology of National Parks Final Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Glaciers are important because they: | D. All of the above |
| Continental ice sheets covered part of the Untied States during this geologic time period: | C. Pleistocene |
| This type of glacier, seen in Rocky Mountain National Park, occupies a hollow or basin at the head of a mountain valley: | B. cirque glacier |
| Finely pulverized rock debris formed by glaciers is called: | D. rock flour |
| A term that includes all sorted and unsorted glacial deposits is called: | B. Glacial Drift |
| A part of the earth's crust that has been stable for a lteast 1500 million years is called a: | B. craton |
| A vast inland body of water that for several thousand years covered hundreds of square miles north and south of the United States/Canadian border was called: | A. Lake Muir |
| Hummocky ridges dumped along the front of the ice sheet are called: | A. end moraines |
| An elongate hill or ridge made up of compact glacial till that was carried in the basal part of the glacier and plastered onto the ground surface is called a: | B. drumlin |
| Which of these metamorphic rocks has a foliated (layered) texture: | A. slate |
| Which of these metamorphic rocks has a nonfoliated texture: | D. none of the above |
| Which of the following is true about Somes Sound: | D. all of the above |
| A long, deep arm of the sea, U-shaped, steep-walled, and always found on a mountainouss coast that has been heavily glaciate is called a: | A. fiord |
| Rocks that tend to be medium or coarse-grained because they solidify slowly from magma at depth over a long period of time are called: | B. intrusive |
| Which of these igneous rocks has a fine grained texture: | C. rhyolite |
| Most of Rocky Mountain National Park is located in the: | A. Front Range |
| Which of these processes have altered rocks in Rocky Mountain National Park: | D. both A & B above |
| The major mountain building epoch responsible for the gross structures of the Rocky Mountains is called: | C. Laramide orogeny |
| Much of the alpine scenery we see in Rocky Mountain National Park today was shaped by: | A. Mountain or alphine glaciers |
| An elongate knob or hillock of bedrock that has been smoothed and scoured by moving ice is called: | B. roche moutonnee |
| Flowage of soil, causing slumping and development of hummocky lobes on gentle upland slopes above treeline and above glacial valleys is called: | C. solifluction |
| A relatively large rock fragment that has been transported by a glacier from its place of origin is called: | C. erratic |
| The spectacular landforms in Waterton-Glacier Park are primarily the result of: | A. glaciation |
| A sharp, serrated ridge separating glacial valleys is called: | D. arete |
| A rock with mineral crystals of distincly different sizes is said to have what kind of texture: | C. porphyritic |
| A pyramidal shaped peak found in mountain areas that have been glaciated is called: | A. horn |
| Slides of snow ice, trees, and rock debris that roar down slopes at high speed are responsible for the development of: | B. avalanche chutes |
| Which of the following present clues to the ancient environments in which sedimentary rocks formed: | D. all of the above |
| The Scottish-orn naturalist and conservationist who was largely responsible for the creation of Yosemite National Park was: | C. John Muir |
| A rock texture in which large crystals occur in a matrix of smaller grains is called: | A. porphyritic |
| Which of the following is true about exfoliation: | D. all of the above |
| Mountain peaks that projected above the glaciers in Yosemite national Park and were not overriden by ice are called: | B. nunataks |
| The glaciers within and around this park make up the largest concentration of glaciers in the United States outside Alaska: | C. North Cascades National Park |
| The highest annual precipitation rates in the conterminous United States (lower 48 states) are found in this park: | B. Olympic National Park |
| The primary agent of erosion today on the Olympic peninsula is: | A. running water |
| When large blocks of crumbling masses of ice break or fall continually from glacier snouts it is called: | A. calving |
| Glaciers whose snouts extend out into salt water are called: | B. tidewater glaciers |
| Narrow, sinuous, steepsided ridges made up of layers of sand and gravel deposited by glacial meltwater in channels are called: | D. none of the above |
| Loose rock fragments and blocks that fall from cliffs or are scraped from rock walls and accumulate as low ridges on the edge of glaciers are called: | A. lateral moraines |
| The process of saturated soil sliding and moving downslope common in permafrost areas is called: | C. Solifluction |
| Where is Voyageurs national Park? | E. Minnesota |
| Where is Isle Royale National Park? | H. Michigan |
| Where is Acadia National Park? | F. Maine |
| Where is Rocky Mountain National Park? | C. Colorado |
| Where is Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park? | G. Montana |
| Where is Yosemite National Park? | D. California |
| Where is North Cascades National Park? | B. Washington |
| Where is Olympic National Park? | B. Washington |
| Where is Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve? | A. Alaska |
| Where is Denali National Park and Preserve? | A. Alaska |
| Where is Crater Lake National Park? | E. Oregon |
| Where is Mount Rainier National Park? | D. Washington |
| Where is Yellowstone National Park? | F. Wyoming |
| Where is Grand Teton National Park? | F. Wyoming |
| Where is Great Basin National Park? | H. Nevada |
| Where is Joshua Tree National Park? | C. California |
| Where is Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Park? | C. California |
| Where is Shenandoah National Park? | B. Virginia |
| Where is Balck Canyon of the Gunnison National Park? | A. Colorado |
| Where is Hawaii Volcanos National Park? | G. Hawaii |
| Which of these National Parks has had the most volcanic eruptions in recent years? | A. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park |
| The major component of all volcanic rocks is: | C. silica |
| Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Mount Rainier? | c. it has a high volume of pyroclastics (tephra) |
| Which of the following can be associated with Mount Rainier? | D. all of the above |
| Whcih of these is the highest mountain in the Cascade Range? | D. Mount Rainier |
| Which of these mountains would be considered a "composite volcano"? | C. Mt. Rainier |
| This is the deepest lake in the United States: | A. Crater Lake |
| Which of these factors is responsible for the intense blue color of Crater Lake? | D. Both A & C |
| Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the Hawaiian volcanoes? | b. they are associated with volcanic activity at a plate margin |
| The world's highest peak on an island is: | A. Mauna Kea |
| The world's largest active volcano is found in: | D. None of the above |
| A lava flow that has a smooth, billowy or ropy surface is called: | c. pahoehoe |
| The largest, most spectacular, and most complex thermal area on earth with over 100,000 geysers, hot springs, mud pots, etc. is: | D. Yellowstone National Park |
| The point within the earth that is the center of an eaerthquake is called the: | C. Focus |
| Which of the following conditions must be present for geysers to function? | A. All of the above |
| The average interval between eruptions of "Old Faithful" have lengthened and been less regular due to: | D. Both A & B above |
| Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park? | C. it is underlain by volcanic rocks |
| This type of rock, sometimes called volcanic or natural glass, cools and hardens before mineral grains have had time to crystallize | A. obsidian |
| When lava cools and contracts you get: | b. columnar jointing |
| Which of the following are found in Yellowstone National Park? | D. all of the above |
| The dominant geological component of western North America is called: | C. North American Cordillera |
| Which of these IS NOT one of the three stages in the evolution of mountain belts? | A. cordillera stage |
| Grand Teton National Park includes major portions of these landforms: | D. both A and B above |
| Which of these is evidence for faulting in the Teton Range? | D. all of the above |
| Which of these geologic processes has been the most significant in the development of the landscape in Grand Teton National Park? | B. faulting |
| Which of the following is (are) true about "pluvial lakes"? | D. all of the above |
| A slow moving accumulation of talus, ice, snow, and water that creeps and slides down a mountain slope is called: | D. none of the above |
| Which of these is related to spheroidal weathering in Joshua Tree National Park? | D. all of the above |
| The most important erosional agent in arid environments like Joshua Tree National Park is: | A. running water |
| Prominent, steep-sided residual hills and mountains rising abruptly from erosional plains in desert areas are called: | C. inselbergs |
| A deep, flat-floored stream channel that contains water for only a few hours, or perhaps a few days each year is called: | B. arroyo |
| An intermittent lake found in desert areas that may contain water a few weeks a year is: | D. none of the above |
| A broad sloping apron of rock debris that forms by the coalescing of several alluvial fans is called: | C. bajada |
| The mountain ranges that parallel the Pacific coast in North America provide an ideal environment for sequoia trees because: | D. both A and B above |
| Which of these "naturalists" founded the Sierra CLub and campaigned to save the Sierra Nevada from exploitation by lumber and mining companies? | A. John Muir |
| The highest mountain in the United States outside Alaska: | B. Mt. Whitney |
| Which of the following is (are) true about the Sierra Nevada fault system? | D. all of the above |
| The eastern most physiographic province in the southern Appalachian Mountain Belt is: | C. piedmont |
| Which of the following IS NOT the about the Blue Ridge Mountains in Shenandoah National Park? | B. glaciers covered much of the park in the past |
| Which of the following is TRUE about the side drainages to the Gunnison River at the Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park? | D. all of the above |
| This large boulder is completely unrelated to the local bedrock upon which it is found. It is most likely a: | B. erratic |
| These elongate hills of bedrock that were smoothed and scoured by moving ice are called: | C. roche moutonnees |
| This is an aerial view of Somes Sound in Acadia National Park. Somes sound is an example of a: | A. fiord |
| What glacial landscape feature is found in the upper end of these glacial valleys in Rocky Mountain National Park: | A. cirques |
| This is a good example of which of these glacial landscape features: | A. arete |
| The primary erosional activity illustrated by this landscape photo is: | D. exfoliation |
| This serrated (knife edge) ridge that separates glacial valleys is called a: | A. arete |
| These "sea stacks" are prominent features along the coastal section of this park: | C. Olympic National Park |
| The dark stripes of rock material in the central part of this glacier (not on the edges) is called a: | A. medial moraine |
| This is a photo of the highest mountain in North America, it is: | C. Mount McKinley |
| Mount Rainier, the highest mountain in the Cascade Range is a: | B. composite volcano |
| Although the lake is called "Crater Lake," geologically speaking it is not located in a crater but is found in a: | C. caldera |
| This photo is a good example of what "physiographic province" in the United States: | C. Basin and Range |
| The rock in this cliff in Yellowstone National Park, sometime called "glass mountain" is: | D. none of the above |
| This photo in Yellowstone National Park is taken at: | A. Mammoth Hot Springs |
| The prominent glacial feature illustrated by this photo from Grand Teton National Park: | B. horns |
| The Snake Range found in Great Basin National Park is a good example of: | C. fault block mountain range |
| This landform at the base of Wheeler Peak is called a: | C. rock glacier |
| The rocks in this photo are a good example of: | D. spheroidal weathering |
| The material in the foreground of this photo near Mount Rainier is a good example of a: | A. lahar |
| T/F :The Swiss geologist, Louis Agassiz, is considered by many as the father of glacial studies because he was one of the first scientists to study glaciers. | True |
| T/F: Glaciers will probably never again spread over the northern part of the Northern Hemisphere. | False |
| T/F: All of the bedrock exposed in Voyageurs National Park and the surrounding region are ancient rocks of Precambrian age. | True |
| T/F: Rising land after glaciers have retreated is called "glacial rebound." | True |
| T/F: Radiometric dating has not been used to determine absolute ages for Precambrian rocks. | False |
| T/F: Most of Isle Royale was scraped bare of soil and weathered rock during the last glacial period. | True |
| T/F: Most metamorphic rocks form close to the earth's surface. | False |
| T/F: Contact metamorphism involves a general increase of temperature and pressure over a large area. | False |
| T/F: A basaltic dike is an igneous intrusion that cuts across the bedding planes of the surrounding rock. | True |
| T/F: Somes Sound is the only true food on the U.S. Atlantic coast. | True |
| T/F: It is hard and many times impossible to identify mineral grains in extrusive rocks without a microscope. | True |
| T/F: Basalt is a coarse-grained igneous rock of dark grey to black color. | False |
| T/F: Some of the oldest rocks in North America are found in Rocky Mountain National Park. | True |
| T/F: Trail Ridge Road climbs to the Roof of the Rockies, a broad, relatively flat upland extending over most of the central area of Rocky Mountain National Park. | True |
| T/F: The Rocky Mountain began as a result of the interaction between the North American Plate and Pacific Plate. | True |
| T/F: Long's Peak is one of the most famous mountains in Rocky Mountain National Park. | True |
| T/F: There is no evidence of pegmatite dikes in Rocky Mountain National Park. | False |
| T/F: Both regional and contact metamorphism have altered igneous and metamorphic rocks that are exposed in Rocky Mountain National Park. | True |
| T/F: A pegmatite is a rock with a very coarse crystalline texture. | True |
| T/F: Valleys that have been heavily glaciated have a characteristic "V" shape. | False |
| T/F: Waterfalls are generally associated with hanging valleys in glaciated areas. | True |
| T/F: Grinnell an Sperry glaciers, the two largest glaciers in Waterton-Glacier Park have grown considerably in the last several centuries. | False |
| T/F: In Waterton-Glacier Park, location and elevation have little relation to snowfall, temperature, and glacial advance or retreat. | False |
| T/F: Unlike the metamorphosed rocks of Rocky Mountain National Park, the rocks in Waterton-Glacier Park are made up of layered sedimentary and lightly metamorphosed rocks. | True |
| T/F: The Northern Rockies in the Waterton-Glacier region are described as "mountains without roots" because the Lewis Overthrust, a low-angle thrust fault, transported older Precambrian rocks eastward for many miles over the younger rocks. | True |
| T/F: Yosemite National Park is composed primarily of a complex of igneous rocks of varying composition. | True |
| T/F: Yosemite National Park has several exfoliation domes. | True |
| T/F: Many of the highest waterfalls in the United States are found in Yosemite National Park. | True |
| T/F: The reason for the large concentration of glaciers in and around North Cascades National Park is because the mountains are much than in other parks with glaciers. | False |
| T/F: North Cascades National Park has a very simple bedrock geology primarily consisting of sedimentary rock. | False |
| T/F: Few alpine glacial landscape features like horns, aretes, cirques, etc., are found in the North Cascades National Park. | False |
| T/F: Geologists believe that the creation of the Olympic Peninsula was the result of powerful tectonic activity primarily related to plate tectonics. | True |
| T/F: There is little evidence of glacial activity on the Olympic Peninsula. | False |
| T/F: The huge glaciers of Glacier Bay National Park are in approximately the same position (snout) they were in 200 years ago. | False |
| T/F: The native inhabitants, Tlingit Indians, of the Glacier Bay area had no idea that at one time the Bay was covered with ice. | False |
| T/F: Glacial rates of retreat in Glacier Bay National Park are some of the fastest recorded on earth. | True |
| T/F: North America's highest mountain, Mt. McKinley, is found in Glacier Bay National Park. | False |
| T/F: Denali National Park has a variety of different bedrock types separated by the Denali fault system into "technostratigraphic terranes." | True |
| T/F: Denali National Park has seen little earthquake or seismographic activity. | False |
| T/F: When large chunks or blocks of ice buried in till melt they form depressions called "kettles." | True |
| T/F: Magma that hardens in the crust below the surface of the earth is call extrusive igneous rock. | False |
| T/F: Shield volcanoes have broad convex upward cones built up by layers of basaltic lava flows. | True |
| T/F: Most volcanoes are located in belts that parallel the boundaries of tectonic plates. | True |
| T/F: Very few of the Cascade Volcanoes are composite cones. | False |
| T/F: A volcanic mudflow is called a "lahar." | True |
| T/F: Geologically speaking, "crater lake" should be called "caldera lake." | True |
| T/F: There is no evidence of past glacial activity at Crater Lake National Park. | False |
| T/F: All of the rock above sea level on the Big Island of Hawaii has been erupted during the past million years, relatively recent in geologic time. | True |
| T/F: Phreatic explosions occur any time that hot lava encounters ground water and turns it into steam. | True |
| T/F: Yellowstone National Park is on a high plateau, averaging about 8000 feet in elevation and nearly surrounded by mountain ranges. | True |
| T/F: the major part of the Yellowstone Plateau is a huge collapsed caldera, nearly filled with thousands of cubic miles of young volcanic rocks and volcanic debris. | True |
| T/F: Geologists theorize that a "hot spot" similar to the one that produced the Hawaiian Island chain, may be the cause of volcanic episodes in the Yellowstone region. | True |
| T/F: Little earthquake activity has occurred in the Yellowstone National Park region. | False |
| T/F: Earthquakes disrupt and change hydrothermal systems in Yellowstone National Park. | True |
| T/F: At the present time, there are no glaciers found in the Yellowstone Plateau. | True |
| T/F: Glacial erratics have been found in Yellowstone National Park. | True |
| T/F: At the present time, the North American plate moves one to two inches a year in a westward direction. | True |
| T/F: In structural terms, the Teton fault is a steeply dipping reverse fault. | False |
| T/F: There is no evidence of glacial activity at Grand Teton National Park. | False |
| T/F: Small depressions, some filled with water, that are left when debris-covered ice blocks melt are called "kettle holes." | True |
| T/F: Most of the streams from the Great Basin flow into the Pacific Ocean. | False |
| T/F: The Great Basin National Park is part of a fault-block mountain range. | True |
| T/F: Joshua Tree National Park is surrounded by by active or recently active faults. | True |
| T/F: Base levels or erosion in most deserts like at Joshua Tree National Park are constantly rising as the products of erosion accumulate within internal basins. | True |
| T/F: In broad outline, the geologic story of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks is like that of Yosemite National Park. | True |
| T/F: Most of the rocks in the High Sierra are sedimentary rocks. | False |
| T/F: The large boulder fields on many slopes of the Blue Ridge are the result of "periglacial" activity. | True |
| T/F: The Gunnison River is considered a "superimposed" stream. | True |
| T/F: The resistance of the rocks to erosion is what has formed the steep parts of the canyon in Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park. | True |
| T/F: Most of the rocks in the inner canyon at Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park are sedimentary rocks. | False |
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