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Cells & Tissues
Bone
| Questions | Answers |
|---|---|
| Q: True or False; Bone tissue is vascularized. | A: True. |
| Q: Name the different classifiations of bone. | A: Long, Short, Flat, Irregular |
| Q: What is a wormian bone? | A: Wormian bones are found in sutures. |
| Q: What is a sesamoid bone? | A: Sesamoid bones are found enclosed in tendons. |
| Q: What is the function of bone? | A: Support, protect organs, levers for movement by muscles, protect myeloid tissue, and mineral deposit mostly for Ca nd PO4. |
| Q:What are the different parts of long bones? | A: Diaphysis, epiphysis, and marrow cavity. |
| Q; What is the histological organization of bone? | A: Compact bone, spongy bone (AKA cancellous bone or trabecular bone). |
| Q: If one wants to examine the different cells in bone histologically, the best preparation method to use would be: | A: Decalcified bone. |
| Q:True or false; The outer surface of all bone is covered be a periosteum. | A: True. |
| Q: What type of bone preperation preserves the architecture of the tissue but loses the cells themselves? | A: Ground bone. |
| Q: What covers the outer surface of bone? | A: The periosteum covers the outer surface of bone. |
| Q: What covers the inner surface of bone. | A: The endosteum covers the inner surface of bone. |
| Q: True or False; The periosteum contains dense irregular connective tissue? | A: True. |
| Q: What are the components of the periosteum? | A: The periosteum has a fibrous outer layer (fibroblasts and type I collagen), a cellular inner layer (osteoprogenitor cells), and Sharpy's fibers. |
| Q: Name the types of bone cells. | A: Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. |
| Q: What are osteoprogenitor cells derived from? | A: Osteoprogenitor cells are derived from embryonic mesenchyme. |
| Q: What do osteoprogenitor cells give rise to? | A: Osteoprogeitor cells give rise to osteoblasts. |
| Q: Where would you find osteoprogenitor cells? | A: You would find osteoprogenitor cells in the inner layer of the periosteum, in the endosteum, and lining Haversian canals. |
| Q: What is the endosteum composed of? | A: The endosteum is composed of osteoprogenitor cells and reticular CT. |
| Q: What do osteoblasts give rise to? | A: Osteblasts give rise to osteocytes. |
| Q: What is the function of osteoblasts? | A: Osteblasts lay down bone. |
| Q: What is the function of osteocytes? | A: Osteocytes maintain the matrix of bone. |
| Q: What is the function of osteocasts? | A: Osteoclasts resorb bone. |
| Q: Where would you find osteoblasts? | A: Osteoblasts can be found on the surface of growing bone. |
| Q: What two hormones affect osteoclasts? | A: Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. |
| Q: True or false: Osteoclasts are part of the mononuclear phagocytic system. | A: True |
| Q: What happens when osteoclasts resorb bone? | A: Calcium and phosphate are liberated. |
| Q: What is the function of parathyroid hormone? | A: Parathyroid hormone stimulates bone resorption and increases blood calcium. |
| Q: What is the fuction of calcitonin? | A: Calcitonin, from the thyroid, inhibits bone resorption and decreases blood calcium. |
| Q: True or false: osteoblasts and osteocytes both reside within lacunae. | A: False. Osteocytes reside in lacunae but osteoblasts do not. |
| Q: What percentage of the matrix of bone is organic and how much is inorganic? | A: 50% organic and 50% inorganic. |
| Q: What makes up the organic portion of bone matrix? | A: Type I collagen along with proteoglycans and glycoproteins. |
| Q: What makes up the inorganic portion of bone matrix? | A: Mainly calcium and phosphate. |
| Q: What is another name for the Haversian system? | A: Osteons |
| Q: Where is compact bone found? | A: Compact bone is found on the periphery of all bone. |
| Q: Where would you find the outer circumferential lamellae? | A: Just under the periosteum. |
| Q: Where would you find the inner circumferential lamellae? | A: Around the marrow cavity. |
| Q: What are concentric lamellae? | A: Concentric lamellae are the rings surounding the central canal of an osteon. |
| Q: What are interstitial lamellae? | A: They are remnants of previous osteons remaining after remodeling. |
| Q: What are Volkmans canals? | A: Volkmans canals run perpendicular to central canals and contain blood vessels that supply bone with the nutrients it needs. |
| Q: True or false: Central canal is synonymous with Haversian canal. | A: True. |
| Q: Name the types of bone formation. | A: Intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. |
| Q: Where would you find spongy bone? | A: You would find spongy bone (AKA trabecular bone) in the epiphysis and adjacent to the marrow cavity. Spongy bone is covered with endonsteum. |
| Q: What is the model for intramembranous ossification? | A: Mesenchyme is the model for intramembranous ossification. |
| Q: What is the model for endochonral ossification? | A: Hyaline cartilage is the model for endochondral ossification. |
| Q: What bones form by intramembranous ossification? | A: Flat bones of the head and face and the clavicles. |
| Q: What are the recognizable zones of bone formation in epiphyseal cartilage. | A: Zone of reserve, zone of proliferation, zone of hypertrophy, zone of calcification, and zone of ossification. |
| Q: What is the first type of bone deposited during development or fracture healing? | A: Woven bone. |
| Q: Woven bone can be remodeled into what kind of bone. | A: Both spongy bone or compact bone. |
| Q: What can develop from a vitamin C deficiency? | A: Scurvy |
Created by:
SquallKing
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