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Stack #134400

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Answer
Fiscal Impact Analysis   Analysis calculates total cost of a project to the City. Fiscal impact analysis may also be defined as cost-revenue analysis.  
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Cost Effectiveness Analysis   compares two choices, so to annex or to not annex.  
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Cost Benefit Analysis   is used to determine the benefits of large projects  
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ISTEA   ISTEA (Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act) 1991 – Presented overall intermodal approach. Gave MPO’s more power.  
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TEA-21   (Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century) 1998 – Additional planning considerations required: support MPO economy, increase safety, increase accessibility, environmental enhancement, increase connectivity, efficient management, and preservation of  
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SAFETEA-LU   (Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users) 2005 – Increased focus on safety.  
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PERT   Program Evaluation Review Technique is a line chart that shows how tasks are dependent on each other. In PERT it is very easy to see how tasks are dependent upon each other.  
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GANTT   is a popular type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule  
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GAM   Goals Achievement Matrix is a chart that shows the anticipated attainment of a project’s goals and the assignment of accomplishing a goal to a group.  
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Linear programming   is a project management method that attempts to find the optimum design solution for a project. This system takes a set of decision variables within constraints and comes up with an optimum design solution.  
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Critical Path Method   Each project task has a known amount of time to complete and cannot be completed before the previous one is completed. The longest pathway is the critical pathway.  
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Fiscal zoning   is the concept that you are making land use decisions based on the fiscal impact of the community.  
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Economic forecasting   is the process of making predictions about the economy as a whole or in part. Relevant models include: Economic base analysis, Shift-share analysis, Input-output model  
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Economic base analysis   Briefly, activities in an area divide into two categories – basic and non-basic. Basic industries are those exporting from the region; non-basic (or service) industries support basic industries  
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Shift/share analysis   is a technique sometimes used for retrospectively decomposing changes, usually in employment, in a set of urban areas or regions.  
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Input-output model   uses a matrix representationof a nation's (or a region's) economy to predict the effect of changes in one industry on others and by consumers, government, and foreign suppliers on the economy.  
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Advocacy planning brought   planning into the public eye and assisted in recognizing the different needs of interest groups in the community.  
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Alinsky's Organization   The organization uses boycotts to initiate change. A paid organizer is used to organize people. An invitation is given to members of a community to participate in the organization.  
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Sheri Arnstein wrote   A Ladder of Citizen Participation, 1969.  
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Paul Davidoff is associated with   Advocacy Planning  
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Herbert Simon   is responsible for the concept of organizational decision-making as it is known today  
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null hypothesis   s a hypothesis set up to be nullified or refuted in order to support an alternative hypothesis  
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Nominal Group Technique   is a decision-making method for use among groups of many sizes, who want to make their decision quickly, as by a vote, but want everyone's opinions taken into account  
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Delphi Method   is a systematic interactive forecasting method for obtaining forecasts from a panel of independent experts  
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Who wrote The Intelligence of Democracy?   Charles Lindblom. Discusses Citizen Participation  
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In what year was the Civil Rights Act passed?   1964  
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Associated Home Builders of Greater East Bay v. City of Livermore   The Court upheld temporary moratoriums on building permits.  
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Welch v. Swasey; 214 U.S. 91 (1909)   The Court established the right of municipalities to regulate building height.  
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Eubank v. City of Richmond; U.S. Supreme Court (1912)   The Court first approved the use of setback regulations, although it overturned the setbacks in this case.  
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Hadacheck v. Sebastian; U.S. Supreme Court (1915)   The Court first approved the regulation of the location of land uses.  
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Nectow v. City of Cambridge; U.S. Supreme Court (1928)   The Court used a rational basis test to strike down a zoning ordinance because it had no valid public purpose (e.g., to promote the health, safety, morals, or welfare of the public).  
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Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mount Laurel; New Jersey Supreme Court (1975)   The Court found that Mount Laurel had exclusionary zoning that prohibited multifamily, mobile home, or low- to moderate-income housing. The court required the Town to open its doors to those of all income levels.  
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Golden v. Planning Board of the Town of Ramapo; New York State Court of Appeals (1972)   The court upheld a growth management system that awarded points to development proposals based on the availability of public utilities, drainage facilities, parks, road access, and firehouses. A proposal would only be approved upon reaching a certain poin  
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Construction Industry of Sonoma County v. City of Petaluma; U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit (1975)   The Court upheld quotas on the annual number of building permits issued.  
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Young v. American Mini Theaters, Inc.; U.S. Supreme Court (1976)   The Court upheld a zoning scheme that decentralized sexually oriented businesses in Detroit  
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Members of City Council v. Taxpayers for Vincent; U.S. Supreme Court (1984)   The Court found that the regulation of signs was valid for aesthetic reasons as long as the ordinance does not regulate the content of the sign. If the regulation is based on sign content, it must be justified by a compelling governmental interest.  
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City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc.; U.S. Supreme Court (1986)   The Court found that placing restrictions on the time, place, and manner of adult entertainment is acceptable. The ordinance was treating the secondary effects (such as traffic and crime) not the content.  
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Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000   that no government may implement land use regulation in a manner that imposes substantial burden on the religious assembly or institution, unless the government demonstrates that imposition of burden both is in furtherance of compelling government interst  
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Agins v. City of Tiburon; U.S. Supreme Court (1980)   The Court upheld a city's right to zone property at low-density and determined this zoning was not a taking. Government action not a regulatory taking if it substantially advanced a legitimate government interest.  
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MBO   Management by Objective: is a process of agreeing upon objectives within an organization so that management and employees agree to the objectives and understand what they are.  
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Which city had the first regional plan?   Plan of Chicago, 1909  
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Is school enrollment part of the local economy?   No.  
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Who designed Columbia, Maryland?   James Rouse. 1967  
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Capital Improvement Budgets are prepared for what length of time?   One year.  
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Location Quotient   is the formulat for computing basic and non-basic industries.  
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Non-basic industry   Service Industry.  
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James Rouse   Designed Columbia, Maryland. It began with the idea that a city could enhance its residents' quality of life. 1967  
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First Council of Governments   1954. Detroit area. Purpose to confront areawide problems.  
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Alfred Bettman   -1st President of ASPO. -Argued in favor of zoning before Supreme Court (Euclid v Ambler - 1926) - Introduced concept of Comprehensive Plan. Co-author: Cincinnati Plan. - part in creating Capital Improvements Budget.  
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Ladislas Segoe   - Cincinnati Plan - Wrote Local Planning Administration (1941) the first "Green Book" - Early consultant  
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Judtih Innes   Writes about Consensus Planning. Professor at Berkeley  
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Consensus Planning   Consensus decision-making is a group decision making process that not only seeks the agreement of most participants, but also to resolve or mitigate the objections of the minority to achieve the most agreeable decision.  
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Which planned community built in 1923 foreshadowed the New Urbanism movement?   Mariemont, Ohio  
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Norman Krumholz   Advocate of equity planning  
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Equity Planning   Gov. Planners should try to reallocate public/private resources to disavantaged  
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Paul Davidoff   Advocacy Planner  
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First Major Shopping Center   Northland, near Detroit, 1954  
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Null Hypothesis   A null hypothesis is a neutral statement that does not suggest the direction of the result  
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Mariemont, Ohio   Mariemont is a planned community in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. Founded in the 1920's by Mary Emery it foreshadowed the New Urbanism movement.  
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Amitai Etzioni   Introduced concept of Mixed Scanning.  
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The Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook   The Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook and its accompanying User Manual are the culmination of APA's seven-year Growing Smart project, an effort to draft the next generation of model planning and zoning legislation for the U.S  
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The Housing Act of which year called for slum clearance?   1949  
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What data was eliminated from the 2000 census   Source of water  
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Charles Lindblom   Incremental Planning  
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Mixed Scanning   A Compromise between Rational and Incremental Planning  
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Rational Planning Model   Set Goals, Determine Alternatives, Evaluate Alternative, Choose Alternative, Implement, Evaluate  
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Transactive Planning   Mutual learing: Planner shares technical. Neighborhood shares communty info. Doesn't work with huge difference of opinion.  
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Megalopolis   an area with multiple-cities with a combined population of more than 10 million inhabitants  
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Number of wireless sites in 2005:   150,000  
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Radical Planning   Gives the power to the people.  
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701 Plans   Housing Act of 1954 provided matching funds for developing comprehensive plans through Sec 701 of the act  
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John Friedmann   Associate with Transactive Planning and Radical Planning  
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Regional tax sharing   Think of Lehi/Orem stealing our retail base to pay for their growth. RTS would disincentify edge cities from seeking out commercial. Therefore RTS is a regional growth stragegy method.  
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Communicative Planning   The current theory of choice: Planner listens and assist in developing consensus.  
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Clarence Perry   Developed Neighborhood Unit Concept debued in his Regional Survey of New York and its Environs (1929)  
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Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon, 260 U.S. 393 (1922)   The U.S. Supreme Court indicated, for the first time, that regulation of land use might be a taking.  
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Lewis Mumford   Cofounder Regional Planning Association.  
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Berman v. Parker, 348 U.S. 26 (1954)   Established aesthetics and redevelopment as valid public purposes for exercising the power of eminent domain.  
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Clarence Stein   Codesigned Radburn. Founding member Regional Planning Association.  
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Cheney v. Village 2 at New Hope, Inc.,   Legitimized the planned unit development (PUD) process.  
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William Whyte   People watcher. Human behavior in urban spaces.  
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Henry Wright   Codesigned Radburn, NJ  
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Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe,   Established the "hard look" doctrine for environmental impact review. Must include alternatives in EIS  
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Who wrote "Regional Survey of New York and its Environs" (1929)   Clarence Perry  
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Calvert Cliffs' Coordinating Committee v. Atomic Energy Commission   Made National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA) requirements judicially enforceable.  
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Sierra Club v. Morton   Opened up environmental citizen suits to discipline the resource agencies.  
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Golden v. Planning Board of Ramapo   Recognized growth phasing programs. AFPO's  
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Just v. Marinette County   Integrated public trust theories into a modern regulatory scheme. Shoreland zoning provided for creation of conservancy, rec, and other purposes along waterbodies is constitutional.  
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Fasano v. Board of County Commissioners of Washington County   Required zoning to be consistent with comprehensive plans and recognized that rezonings may be quasi-judicial as well as legislative.  
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Young v. American Mini Theaters, Inc.,   Opened up the possibility to control pornography via land use.  
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Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.,   Established that discriminatory intent is required to invalidate zoning actions with racially disproportionate impacts.  
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Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill   Justified modern Endangered Species Act law (protecting the snail darter).  
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Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York,   Introduced a means-end balancing test for regulatory takings and validated historic preservation controls.  
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Agins v. City of Tiburon   Used an alternative takings test to the Penn Central test.U.S. Supreme Court rules that the open space zoning ordinance of the city of Tiburon, California, does not result in a taking of property without payment of just compensation.  
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Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego,   Extended commercial speech to aesthetic regulation.  
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Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp.,   Held that any physical occupation is a taking, no matter how de minimis.  
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Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mt. Laurel (II), 456 A.2d 390 (N.J. 1983)   Created the model fair housing remedy for exclusionary zoning.  
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Williamson County Regional Planning Commission v. Hamilton Bank   Defined the ripeness doctrine for judicial review of takings claims. Taking claim premature where owner fails relief of variance and condmenation procedures.  
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First English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Glendale v. Los Angeles County,   Allowed damages (as opposed to invalidation) as a remedy for regulatory takings. Just compensation clause of Fifth Amendment requires compensation for temporary takings which occur as a result of regulations ultimately invalidated in court.  
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Nollan v. California Coastal Commission,   Created the "essential nexus" takings test for conditioning development approvals on dedications a nd exactions  
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Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council,   Compensation to be paid to landowners when regulations deprive them of all economically beneficial land use unless uses are disallowed by title or by state law background principles of private and public nuisances.  
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Dolan v. City of Tigard,   Extended Nollan's "essential nexus" test to require "rough proportionality" between development impact and conditions.  
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Babbitt v. Sweet Home Chapter of Communities for a Great Oregon   Secretary of Interior's definition of "harm" to endangered species (prohibited by Endangered Species Act of 1973) is valid when defined as "significant habitat modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures wildlife."  
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Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency,   Sanctioned the use of moratoria and reaffirmed the parcel-as-a-whole rule for takings review  
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Charles Limblom wrote   "The Science of Muddling Through", which established the incremental planning theory  
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The Federal Property Administration Act of 1949 was developed to   Dispose of federal property  
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Nectow v. City of Cambridge?   In this case the plantiff was placed in the R-3 zoning district in error. The plantiff sued under the 14th amendment claiming a violation of due process.  
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Mediation   is a method in which a neutral third party facilitates discussion in a structured multi-stage process to help parties reach a satisfactory agreement. Effective with individuals  
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Consensus Buildng   effective with many groups ivolving multiple, complex issues.  
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Delphi method   is a structured process of public participation with the intent of coming to a consensus decision. Panel completes hypotheses questionaires. Answers presented anonymously. Panel to revise answers based on what was heard. Eventually the answers converge.  
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IRA   Indian Reorganization Act  
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What is an analysis of the relationship between two or more variables called?   Regression  
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The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) is responsible for coordinating which of the following federal programs?   NEPA, Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Farm Bill Conservation  
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Progressive tax   tax rate increases as the tax base increases  
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Coupon rate   The annual rate of interest paid on a bond that a borrower pays to the bond holder.  
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UDAG   Urban Development Action Grant: HUD program to help really poor cities for economic recovery. Facilitated public-private partnerships. Encouraged intergovernmental cooperation.  
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Regressive tax   Regressive taxes reduce the tax incidence of people with higher ability-to-pay, as they shift the incidence disproportionately to those with lower ability-to-pay.  
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North American Industry Classification System   The industry classification system that replaced the SIC system. The Census uses these numbers to crunch economic data.  
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Plural Planning   Multiple plans prepared by different groups in order to achieve the best result for all. Paul Davidoff. Associated with Advocacy Planning  
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Zero Based Budgeting (ZBB)   all expenditures must be justified as if it were a new program. Steps include: Analyzing, priority ranking and isolating decision packages  
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Proportional tax   Tax rate is fixed no matter the amount taxed.  
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Visioning   Typically, it consists of a series of meetings focused on long-range issues. Visioning results in a long-range plan. Priorities are set to distinguish essential goals. Performance standards allow an evaluation of progress toward goals over time.  
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Shift-Share Analysis   Evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of a region's industries, Evaluates the performance of specific industries, Evaluates the mix of industries  
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Lowering a thermostat by 1 degree Fahrenheit can reduce a heating bill by what percent?   Up to 3 percent  
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John Friedmann   Friedmann's transactive planning emphasized that citizens and civic leaders, notplanners, had to be at the core of planning if plans were to be implemented.  
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NOT an advantage of a mail survey   High Response Rate  
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New York Zoning Resolution   Key concept granted appeal rights.  
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Unemployment Rate Calculation   d. Individuals unemployed divided by individuals 16 years of age and older in the labor force  
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Joel Garreau   wrote "Edge City" (1991)  
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Water Quality Act adopted   1965  
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Number of federally recognized tribes   562  
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Symptomatic Method to Estamate Current Population   ex. building permit method  
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Employment estimation by allocating projected employment expansion to smaller geographic areas   Shift-share: a portion of the projected expansion to sub-regions or population centers based on the center's present share of the employment  
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Henry Wright   codesigner of Sunnyside Gardens, NY and Radburn, NJ  
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What is Dillon's Rule?   Local governments are not provided with authority absent an express delegation of power from the state.  
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What is the probability of an event that is certain to happen?   1  
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Urban cluster   (blank)  
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Designers of Radburn   Henry Wright and Clarence Stein  
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an area that has at least 2,500 people but less than 50,000   Urban Cluster  
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What is the "push analysis"?   A push analysis determines if the introduction of a new business will generate additional customers.  
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Conservation zoning   requires the clustering of homes while preserving open space  
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Satisficing   is a decision-making strategy which attempts to meet criteria for adequacy, rather than to identify an optimal solution  
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Herbert Simon coined   Satisficing  
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What year was the Americans with Disabilities Act passed   1990  
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NPDES   National Polution Discharge Elimination System allows people to obtain a permit to discharge pollutants into water  
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US Renter Poverty Level   More than 25 percent  
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Who is the author of the Regional Survey of New York and Its Environs?   Clarence Perry  
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A volume to capacity ratio of 1 indicates which of the following?   Stop and go traffic  
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Storm Sewers handle ____ year floods   25  
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Base Map   Shows essential features of an area.  
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Herbert Simon coined   Satisficing  
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Munn v. Illinois   the decision focused on the question of whether or not a private company could be regulated in the public interest. The court's decision was that it could, if the private company could be seen as a utility operating in the public interest.  
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Capital Improvemet Plan (CIP)   a long-range plan, usually four to six years, which identifies capital projects and equipment purchases, provides a planning schedule and identifies options for financing the plan.  
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Which is the most common technique used to resolve conflict?   Feedback and Compromise to create a 'win-win'  
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Herbert Simon   Organizational Behavior - Decision Making  
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EA - Environmental Assessment   An environmental assessment is a concise public document that a Federal agency prepares under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) to provide sufficient evidence and analysis to determine whether a proposed agency action would require preparation  
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Christopher Stone's 1972 book Should Trees Have Standing discussed   Authority to file suit: the Sierra Club v. Morton, Secretary of the Interior (1972) case where the Sierra Club attempted to block the development of a ski resort in the Mineral King Valley in the Sequoia National Forest.  
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The Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) was adopted in what year   1972  
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What did the Indian Reorganization Act provide for?   Organization of Native Americans and adoption of constitutions.  
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Peter Drucker   MBO. Management by Objectives (MBO) is a process of agreeing upon objectives within an organization so that management and employees buy in to the objectives and understand what they are  
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a Metropolitan Statistical Area   defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget for use by federal statistical agencies that are based on the concept of at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic  
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Krumholz’s utilized which of the following planning theories:   advocacy planning. Krumholz work during the 1970s focused on thinking about the disadvantaged in the community first in every planning process  
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Communicative planning theory calls for:   Consensus building  
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LOS A   Free flow  
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LOS B   Reasonably free flow  
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LOS C   Stable flow  
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LOS D   Approaching unstable flow  
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LOS E   Unstable flow  
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LOS F   Forced or breakdown flow  
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Environmental Assessment does not include   Scoping (an EIS does)  
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Was Goldev v Ramapo heard by the USSC   NO  
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EIS Key Questions   Purpose and Need, Affected Environment, Range of Alternatives, analysis of the environmental impacts  
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Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corporation   Rezone to multi-family. Sued over discrimination. USSC - no evidence of discrimination.  
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TSM   Transportation Systmes Management  
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Ex ante evaluation   refers to forward-looking assessment of the likely future effects of new policies of proposals  
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Hybrid Center   aka Lifestyle Center with big box retail attached.  
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Power Center   Belle Terra, HB: new format that brings classic features of lifestyle centers to big-box venues  
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Lifestyle Center   Upscale specialty stores, dining and entertainment in an outdoor setting  
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Right to Farm Act   Typically state initiated legislation to protect commercial farms from nuisance action.  
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Tranportaion Systems Management   an approach to congestion mitigation. Identify how you can better make use of existing infrastructure. Low-cost but effective.  
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Edward Ullman   Multiple Nuclei Model.  
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Mediation   Dispute resolution  
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Ernest Burgess   Concentric Zone Model  
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Sector Model   allows for an outward progression of growth along railroads, highways, and other transportation arteries  
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Multiple Nuclei Model   similar industries with common land-use and financial requirements are established near each other. greater movment due to increased car ownership. which allows for the specialization of regional centers.  
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Facilitation   Concensus building  
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Walter Christaller   Central place therory: size and distribution of towns. HEXAGONAL SHAPE.  
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Concentric Zone Model   The center was the CBD. transition zone of mixed residential and commercial uses. Low-class residential homes. Better Homes. Comuters Zone.  
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Homer Hoyt's   Sector Model  
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Chauncy Harris   Multiple Nuclie Model  
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Metro Water District of So.Cal.   est. 1927 to create the Colorado River Aqueduct  
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Clean Air Act Year   1990  
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PSD   Prevention of Significant Deterioration - projects shall not increase emissions above a PSD increment.  
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Cross tabulation models   used to estimate trip generation  
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Gavity model   A traffic deal to quantify trip generation relationships  
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TIP   Transportation Improvement Program: FHWA requires this of MPO's: lists all projects for which federal funds are anticipated, estimated costs and schedules  
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Shift-Share Analysis   analyzes a local economy in comparison with a larger economy.  
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Top Ten Growing Places   Las Vegas, NV - Naples - FL, Yuma, AZ - South Texas - yettevill, AR - Boise, Id - Pheonix Mesa, AZ - Loredo, TX- Provo Orem, UT  
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Multi-state planning is most commonly used for   transportation  
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