AICP 2
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| Who developed Transit Oriented Development? | Clarence Perry
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| push analysis | A push analysis determines if the introduction of a new business will generate additional customers.
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| Nationally the rate of jobs growth in the fringe counties of metropolitan areas is more than _____ that of the central counties of metropolitan areas. | twice
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| Who designed Radburn, New Jersey? | Henry Wright
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| Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. | In 1901, he was appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt with a charge to "restore and develop the century-old plans of Major L’Enfant for Washington and to fit them to the conditions of today."
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| Daniel Burnham | He was the Director of Works for the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Worked on the master plans for Chicago, Manila and downtown Washington, D.C. He also designed the Flatiron Building
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| Depressed urban area in which employers receive tax reductions and/or other economic incentives for establishing businesses and employing the disadvantaged | Enterprise Zone
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| What is Dillon's Rule? | local governments are not provided with authority absent an express delegation of power from the state. In 1872, Judge Dillon found that local governments are subordinate to the state and are only authorized to perform actions permitted by the state.
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| What is home rule? | the authority to pass regulations without express authorization from the state.
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| What is NPDES? | As authorized by the Clean Water Act, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program controls water pollution by regulating point sources that discharge pollutants into waters of the United States
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| Which of the following is a financial projection that includes an income statement for a real estate project that shows the capital cost, operating revenue and expenses, and return on investment for one or more years? | Pro forma
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| Lowering a thermostat by 1 degree Fahrenheit can reduce a heating bill by what percent? | Up to 3 percent
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| Herbert Simon | Introduced the concept of Satisficing a decision-making strategy entails searching through the available alternatives until an acceptability threshold is met.
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| Nominal Group Technique | It allows for brainstorming allowing for all members of a group to meaningfully participate. There are silent times allowing for idea generation followed by individual sharing of ideas.
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| The construction of buildings requires ___ percent of the energy used each year in the United States. | 25%
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| Pennsylvania Coal v. Mahon dealt with which of the following issues? | Taking
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| RLUIPA | Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act
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| What is an analysis of the relationship between one or more variables to determine if the factors impact the dependent variable? | Regression analysis. it is a statistical process for estimating the relationships among variables. For example, score on the AICP exam is dependent on education, years experience, and number of hours studying.
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| In 1928 the U.S. Department of Commerce passed the _________ Act. | Standard City Planning Enabling Act (SCPEA), covering:
planning commission
master plan
provision for adoption
provision for approval
control of private subdivision of land
regional planning commission and a regional plan
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| What is TIF? | Tax increment financing, is a public financing method that is used as a subsidy for redevelopment, infrastructure, and other community-improvement projects
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| What theory is John Friedmann associated with? | Transactive planning. It focuses on interpersonal dialogue that develops ideas, which will be turned into action. One of the central goals is mutual learning where planner gets more information on the community and citizens become more educated.
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| What theory is Paul Davidoff associated with? | Advocacy planning. It concerns itself with ensuring that all people are equally represented in the planning process by advocating for the interests of the underprivileged and seeking social change
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| What theory is Charles Lindblom associated with? | Incrementalism. It is a method of working by adding to a project using many small (often unplanned), incremental changes instead of a few (extensively planned) large jumps.
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| Cheney v. Village 2 at New Hope | The State of Pennsylvania Supreme Court upheld the use of planned unit developments
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| Village of Euclid, Ohio v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (1926), | It was the first significant case regarding the relatively new practice of zoning, and served to substantially bolster zoning ordinances in towns nationwide in the United States and in other countries of the world including Canada.
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| Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mount Laurel | The doctrine requires that municipalities use their zoning powers in an affirmative manner to provide a realistic opportunity for the production of housing affordable to low and moderate income households.
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| Nectow v. Cambridge | The determination of public officers should not be set aside unless it is clear that their action has no foundation in reason and is a mere arbitrary or irrational exercise of power having no substantial relation to the public interest.
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| What is the probability of an event that is certain to happen? | 1
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| Which city had the first metropolitan plan in the United States? | Chicago
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| The majority of Americans pay more than __ of their household income on transportation and housing. | 50%
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| This measures the degree to which two variables are related: | Coefficient of Correlation
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| On average, approximately what percentage of renter households in the United States have an income below the poverty level? | More than 25 percent
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| Urbanized Area | urban nucleus of 50k or more. May or may not contain any individual cities of 50,000 or more. must have a core with a population density of 1,000 persons per square mile and may contain adjoining territory with at least 500 persons per square mile.
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| Urban Cluster | At least 2,500 but less than 50,000 persons and a population density of 1,000 persons per square mile.
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| Census Designated Place (CDP) | is a concentration of population identified by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes. CDPs are delineated for each decennial census as the statistical counterparts of incorporated places
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| Census Tract | Census Tract typically has a population between 2,000 and 8,000 people. It is the smallest area where all information is released.
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| What is the minimum R-value recommended for home insulation? | R-20
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| Coupon rate | annual rate of interest paid on a bond that a borrower pays to the bond holder
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| The industry classification system that replaced the SIC system is the __________________. | North American Industry Classification System
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| Township-range | A measure of the distance east or west from a referenced principal meridian, in units of six miles. Section: An approximately one-square-mile block of land. There are 36 sections in a survey township.
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| CPTED | Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
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| TEA-21 | The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century was enacted June 9, 1998
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| Vieux Carre Commission | It was the first Historic Preservation Commission. New Orleans
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| 1 acre | 43560 sqf
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| location quotient | it is basically a way of quantifying how concentrated a particular industry, cluster, occupation, or demographic group is in a region as compared to the nation.
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| shift-share | A shift-share analysis, used in regional science, political economy, and urban studies, determines what portions of regional economic growth or decline can be attributed to national, economic industry, and regional factors.
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| Watershed | It is a region drained by, or contributing water to, a surface water body.
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| What technique can be used to find the optimum design solution on a project? | Linear Programming
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| What is the name of a fund established to manage the revenues and expenditures of a minor league baseball park? | An enterprise fund is an account that manages the revenues and expenditures of a self-sufficient activity such as a minor league baseball park, parking garage, zoo.
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| CIP | Capital Improvement Plan. Operating and long term maintenance costs are considered in this budgeting techniques
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| Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp | Case dealing with a zoning ordinance that in a practical way barred families of various socio-economic, and ethno-racial backgrounds from residing in a neighborhood. The Court held that the ordinance was constitutional.
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| Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency | interpretations of the Takings Clause of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. The case dealt with the question of moratorium
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| Mass wasting | the downslope movement of earth materials due to the force of gravity.
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| What is a metropolitan statistical area? | A census designated place that includes a central city plus adjacent communities to which it is linked economically
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| FEMA | Federal Emergency Management Agency
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| Linear programming | Linear programming is a method for determining an optimal solution. This could apply to a number of planning projects, such as a regional agricultural development plan.
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| Zero lot line | A form of development that includes a building that is sited on one or more lot lines with no yard, the intent of which is to allow a more flexible site design and to increase the amount of usable open space
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| What is the average width of a parking space in a parking lot? | 9 feet
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| What is the name of the generation of children born to baby boomers between 1980 and 1995? | Generation Y
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| Agins v. City of Tiburon | Taking: The question in this case was whether the ordinances took Agins' property without just compensation. The U. S. Supreme Court affirmed the zoning ordinances did not on their face effect an uncompensated taking.
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| Which of the following land uses generates the most vehicle trips per unit? A. Duplex B. Townhouse C. Single family house Incorrect D. Apartment | B: Townhouse
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| Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency (2002) | Whether a moratorium fell under the Takings Clause (5th, 14th Amendments). Difference between acquisition for public use and regulation from private use. The moratorium was a regulation of property from private use and no compensation was required.
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| Hadacheck v. Sebastian (1915) | The Court held that an ordinance of Los Angeles, prohibiting the manufacturing of bricks within specified city's limits did not unconstitutionally deprive the petitioner of his property without due process of law, or deny him equal protection of the laws.
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| Storm sewers are typically designed to handle up to a _____ year flood. | 25
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| Peter Drucker created which of the management techniques? | MBO - Management by Objectives
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| PDR | Purchase of Development Rights is an incentive based,
voluntary program with the intent of permanently protecting
productive, sensitive, or aesthetic landscapes, yet retaining private ownership and management.
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| LOS (Level-of-Service) | A: free flow.
B: reasonably free flow.
C: stable flow, at or near free flow.
D: approaching unstable flow.
E: unstable flow, operating at capacity.
F: forced or breakdown flow.
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| ADT | Average daily traffic
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| PDR | Purchase of Development Rights
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| TDR | Transfer of Development Rights
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| ADT | Average Daily Traffic
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| MBO | Management by objectives
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| "Environmental Indicators Initiative" | EPA's "Environmental Indicators Initiative" started in 2003 to improve the Agency's ability to report on the status of and trends in environmental conditions and their impacts on human health and the nation's natural resources.
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| Agins v. City of Tiburon. | The "Takings Clause" of the U.S. Constitution states simply "nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation."
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| USGS | U.S. Geological Survey
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| Esri | Environmental Systems Research Institute
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| Environmental Impact Statements | An EIS typically has 4 sections:
. Introduction (Purpose and Need of the Proposed Action)
. Affected Environment.
. Range of Alternatives
. environmental impacts of each of the possible alternatives.
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| Hadacheck v. Sebastian (1915) | Constitutionality of zoning ordinances. Held that prohibiting the manufacturing of bricks within specified limits of the city did not unconstitutionally deprive the petitioner without due process of law, or deny him equal protection of the laws.
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| GDP | Gross Domestic Product - An estimated value of the total worth of a country’s production and services, within its boundary, by its nationals and foreigners, calculated over the course on one year.
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| GNP | Gross National Product - An estimated value of the total worth of production and services, by citizens of a country, on its land or on foreign land, calculated over the course on one year.
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| CORBOR | The National Corridor Planning and Development Program and the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program provided funding between 1999 and 2005, but was discontinued under SAFETEA-LU
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| Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency (2002) | Takings, Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. Whether a moratorium on construction of individual homes fell under the Takings Clause. It did not. Difference between the acquisition of property for public use and the regulation of property from private use.
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| In what year did the U.S. Department of Commerce issue the Standard City Planning Enabling Act? | 1928
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| HOV | High Occupancy Vehicle
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| Councils of governments | Regional bodies, serve an area of several counties. Addressing planning, economic, cartography and GIS, hazard mitigation and emergency planning, aging services, water use, pollution control, transit administration, and transportation planning.
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| Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area | An area consisting of two or more overlapping or interlocking urban communities (metropolitan statistical areas) with a tot population of at least one million.
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| UDAG | Urban development action grants. Grants to cities and urban counties which are experiencing severe economic distress to help stimulate economic development activity needed to aid in economic recovery.
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| Which case first established the concept of "public welfare"? | Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co.
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| How many federally recognized Native American tribes are there in the United States? | 562
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| In which tax does the tax rate increase as the tax base increases? Select one: A. Proportional tax B. Progressive tax C. Regressive tax D. Tax increment | B. Progressive tax
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| Brief in support of an eminent domain arguing that one way to reduce the advantage developers experience in greenfield development is to use eminent domain to assemble tracts of land in high-density urban areas. | Kelo v. City of New London
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| Development agreement | can be used to clarify what infrastructure will be provided as part of a development. Impact fees can also be instituted to pay for off-site improvements, however since this improvement is on-site the better answer is a development agreement.
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| NRCS Soil Survey | The Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Survey maps identify soil types.
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| Who was the first president of the American Society of Planning Officials? | Alfred Bettman
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| Alfred Bettman | first president of ASPO, key founders of modern urban planning, Euclid vs Ambler. With Ladislas Segoe on the "Cincinnati Plan." "Capital Improvements Budget."
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| USB | urban service boundary.
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| ISTEA | Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act - 1991
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| land capability analysis | Land capability analysis allows the planner to understand the suitability of land for development.
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| Carrying capacity | Ian McHarg's wrote extensively about the design of cities with the intention of examining issues such as the carrying capacity of parks to support a community
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| Miami 21. | Miami 21 is a form based code, guided by the tenants of Smart Growth and New Urbanism.
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| Adverse possession | method of acquiring title to real property by possession for a statutory period under certain conditions
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| Adverse Abandonment | A petition for adverse abandonment is filed by a party other than the owner of a railroad asking a court or a state board to declare the land abandoned by the railroad
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| Homesteading | A lifestyle of self-sufficiency. It is characterized by subsistence agriculture, home preservation of foodstuffs, and it may or may not also involve the small scale production of textiles, clothing, and craftwork for household use or sale
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| Regional transportation planning is common today, but first got its start with ... | The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
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| Biophilic Design | Biophilic Design brings humans and nature together through sustainable strategies, which can include lighting, ventilation, access to water and natural elements.
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| auger test | An auger can be used to retrieve soil samples and then examined for the soil profiles.
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| The Housing Act of 1937 | Sometimes called the Wagner-Steagall Act, provided for subsidies to be paid from the U.S. government to local public housing agencies to improve living conditions for low-income families. Provided FHA-backed mortgages to incentivize slum clearance
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| In what year was the Civil Rights Act passed? | 1964
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| UrbanSim | Software-based simulation system for supporting planning and analysis of urban development, incorporating the interactions between land use, transportation, the economy, and the environment.
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| CommunityViz | Analysis tool used for, among other applications, urban planning, land use planning, geodesign, transportation planning and resource management applications. It also provides options for 3D visualization in the Scenario 3D and Scenario 360 plugins.
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| Lidar | Remote sensing technology that measures distance by illuminating a target with a laser and analyzing the reflected light. Popularly used as a technology to make high-resolution maps, with applications in geomatics, archaeology, geography, geology etc.
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| Section 404 of the Clean Water Act | Requires a permit be obtained from the Army Corp for the discharge of material.
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| What year was the Antiquities Act passed? | 1906
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| The Sierra Club was founded in: | 1892. The Sierra Club is an environmental organization in the United States. It was founded San Francisco, California, by the Scottish-American preservationist John Muir, who became its first president.
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| Drosscape | Framework that looks at urbanized regions as the waste product of defunct economic and industrial processes. Concept by Alan Berger, that could be useful for the redesign and adaptive re-use of ‘waste landscapes’ within urbanized regions.
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| Tactical urbanism | represents an activist approach to engaging the community in the possibilities of transforming a space. Tactical urbanism focuses on making an immediate impact in a community.
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| 65% of the population is within __________ mile(s) of a neighborhood park and that this is the ideal service area for a neighborhood park. | ½ mile
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| You decide to propose a national heritage area in your region. Which of the following do you need to do? | Demonstration a nationally unique natural, historic, cultural or scenic resource
Ask your congressperson to sponsor legislation
Describe the unique story linking sites together
Establish a non-profit org. to manage the National Heritage Area
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| Donald Shoup, in his 2005 book The High Cost of Free Parking, estimates that what percentage of parking in the U.S. is free? | 99%
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| on a per household basis, it takes ________ acres of land to feed the US population | 2 acres
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