American Planning History
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1785 Ordinance | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) 1st US Census
2) Initiated by Secretary of State T. Jefferson.
3) Finished in 2 years
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Authored by Alexander Hamilton
2) Argued protective tariffs for mfg industry to promote industrial dev in the young republic
🗑
|
||||
| 1803 The Louisiana Territory | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Speech by Henry Clay
2) Proposed to allocate fed funds to promote dev of the national economy by combining tariffs w/internal improvements (e.g. rd, canals, other waterways)
🗑
|
||||
| 1825 Erie Canal Completed | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) 1811 initiated in Cumberland, MD.
2) Helped open Ohio Valley to settlers
🗑
|
||||
| 1855 First Model Tenement | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Opens up land of the Public Domain to settlers for a nominal fee and 5 years residence
🗑
|
||||
| 1862 Morrill Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Father of American environmentalism
2) Published Man and Nature - explores destructive impact of human action on the natural env and inspires future conservation movements
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Adds to the national estate a territory about the size of TX, Montana, and CA combined
🗑
|
||||
| 1868 Olmsted Sr and Calvert Vaux | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) May 10, Promontory Point, UT - completed the 1st transcontinental railroad
🗑
|
||||
| 1877 Alfred White | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Wrote "Report on the Lands of the Arid Region of the US"
2) Proposed regional plan that would foster settlement in the arid west and conserve scarce water resources
🗑
|
||||
| 1879 Henry George | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) USGS estab to survey and classify all Public Domain lands
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Building of industrial town by George Pullman
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Wrote "How the Other Half Lives"
2) Led to housing and neighborhood reform
🗑
|
||||
| 1891 General Land Law Revision Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1892 Sierra Club | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Held in Chicago
2) Commemorated 400th anniversary of the discovery of the New World
3) Source of the City Beautiful Movement and of the urban planning profession
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) 1st significant case re: historic preservation
2) Supreme Court ruled acquisition of the national battlefield at Gettysburg served a valid public purpose
🗑
|
||||
| 1897 Forest Mgmt Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1898 Ebenezer Howard | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Becomes chief forester for US Dept of Agriculture - publicizes the cause of forest conservation
🗑
|
||||
| 1901 NY State Tenement House Law | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1902 US Reclamation Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1903 Principles of City Land Values | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1903 Letchworth | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1903 President T. Roosevelt | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1906 Anttiquities | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1907 NY Committee on the Congestion of Population | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Established by President Roosevelt
2) Encourage multi-use planning in waterway development (e.g. navigation, power, irrigation, flood control, water supply)
🗑
|
||||
| 1908 White House Conservation Conference | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1909 Plan of Chicago | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Held in Washington D.C.
2) Brought together leaders of the housing and city planning movements
🗑
|
||||
| 1909 Harvard University | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1911 Frederick Winslow Taylor | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Wrote "Wacker's Manual of the Plan of Chicago". 8th grade textbook on City Planning by the Chicago Board of Education
2) 1st formal instruction in city planning below the college level
🗑
|
||||
| 1913 Uni of IL Dept of Horticulture | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Estab Federal Reserve Commission - nation's decentralized central bank to regulate the national money supply in order to provide for econ stability and growth
🗑
|
||||
| 1914 Publication of "Carrying Out the City Plan" | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1914 Panama Canal | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) US best known planning consultant
2) 1st full-time employee in Newark, NJ of a city planning commission
🗑
|
||||
| 1915 Patrick Geddes | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1916 Nelson P Lewis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) 1st comprehensive zoning resolution adopted by NY Board of Estimates
2) Championed by George McAneny & Edward Bassett (Father of Zoning)
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Established. Responsible for conserving and preserving resources of special value
🗑
|
||||
| 1917 Durham, CA | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1917 Olmsted Jr | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Influenced endeavors in public housing
2) Operated at major shipping centers to provide housing for WW1 workers
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Combined 3 regional authorities: a) Metropolitan Sewerage Commission, b) Metropolitan Water Board, c) Metropolitan Park Commission
🗑
|
||||
| 1921 Budget and Accounting Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1921 New Orleans | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1922 LA County Regional Planning Commission | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Adopted. Led by Thomas Adams.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Holding - land use restriction can contribute a taking
2) Principle of a "regulatory taking" estab by Justice Brandeis
🗑
|
||||
| 1923 Mariemont, OH | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1924 Fairway Farms Experiment | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1924 Standard State Zoning Enabling Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Neighborhood designed by Clarence Stein & Henry Wright.
2) Built by City Housing Corp under Alexander Bing
3) Located in Queens, NY
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Influential essay on regional planning
2) Authors: Lewis Mumford, other members of the Regional Pln Assoc of America (e.g. Catherine Bauer)
🗑
|
||||
| 1925 Cincinnati, OH | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1925 Concentric Zone | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Later transition to "JAPA"
2) Published by: a) The American City Planning Institute and, 2) The National Conference on City Planning
🗑
|
||||
| 1926 Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Author: Benton MacKaye, Father of Appalachian Trail
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Author: Robert Murray Haig
2) Published in Vol 1 "The Regional Survey of NY and Its Environs"
3) Viewed land use as a function of accessibility
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Established. Planned community inspired by E. Howard's Garden City concept
2) Designed by Stein & Wright
3) Forerunner of the New Deal's Greenbelt towns
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Author: Clarence Perry
2) Published in Vol 2 "The Regional Survey of NY and Its Environs"
🗑
|
||||
| 1929 Rural Zoning, WI | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Occurred in October. Led to Great Depression.
2) Fostered ideas of public planning on a national scale.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Published in "Regional Plan of NY"
2) Led to the rise of "The New Republic"
3) Highlighted argument between Thomas Adams & L. Mumford re: value of that plan and the meaning of metropolitan planning
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) 300 ag experts deliberate on: a) rural recovery programs and, b) natural resource conservation
🗑
|
||||
| 1932 Federal Home Loan Bank System | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Established at the beginning of the Great Depression
2) Purpose: to revive economic activity by extending financial aid to failing financial, industrial, & ag institutions
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) New Deal begins with a spate of counter-depression measures
🗑
|
||||
| 1933 Home Owners Loan Corporation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Established in the Interior Dept.
2) Purpose: to assist in the preparation of a comp plan for public works under the direction of F. Delano, C. Merriam, W. Mitchell
3) Successor agency: National Resources Planning Board (abolished 1943)
🗑
|
||||
| 1933 Civilian Conservation Corps | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1933 Federal ER Relief Adminstration | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Established by Senator G. Norris, directed by D. Lilienthal
2) Purpose: to provide for the unified and multipurpose rehab and redev of the Tennessee Valley
3) Public corporation w/some freedom aspects of a private corporation
🗑
|
||||
| 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1934 American Society of Planning Officials | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1934 National Housing Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1934 Taylor Grazing Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Included sections entitled "A Plan for Planning", "Historical Development of Planning in the US"
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Establishes the Securities and Exchange Commission and inaugurates some regulatory control over the stock and bond markets to prevent another crash like 1929
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Established by R. Tugwell and Roosevelt to carry out experiments in land reform and population resettlement
2) Built 3 Greenbelt towns (Greenbelt, MD; Greendale WI; Greenhills, OH)
3) Forerunner to New Towns (Columbia, MD; Reston, VA)
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Authored by: National Resources Committee
2) Landmark in regional planning literature
🗑
|
||||
| 1935 Soil Conservation Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1935 Historic Sites, Buildings, and Antiquities Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Passed.
2) Purpose: to create a safety net for elderly
3) Principal promoter: Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor & 1st woman cabinet member
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Constructed 1935-1941. Dam on the Columbia River in Central WA. Largest concrete structure in the US
3) Heart of Columbia Basin Project (a regional plan comparable to TVA scope)
3) Purpose: irrigation, electric power, flood control in Pacific NW
🗑
|
||||
| 1936 Hoover Dam | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Landmark report by the Urbanism Committee of the National Resources Committee
2) Research led by Ladislas Segoe
🗑
|
||||
| 1937 US Housing Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Established. Successor to the Resettlement Administration
2) Administrator of many programs to aid the rural poor
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) "...the planning of unified development of urban communities and their environs, and of states, regions, and the nation, as expressed through...the comprehensive arrangement of land uses and land occupancy and regulation"
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Sector theory of urban growth
2) Published in "The Structure & Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities"
🗑
|
||||
| 1941 Publication of "Local Planning Administration" | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1941 Publication of "Planning Function in Urban Government" | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) US and allies meet to establish the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)
🗑
|
||||
| 1944 Serviceman's Readjustment Act (GI Bill) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Predecessor of HUD
2) Created to coordinate fed government's various housing programs
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Construction begins
🗑
|
||||
| 1947 Secretary George C. Marshall Harvard commencement speech | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Author: Walter Firey
2) Challenges the claim of the regnant economic "highest and best use" doctrine to be a sufficient explanation of the arrangement of urban land uses
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Author: Paul & Percival Goodman
2) Explores 3 community paradigms and their possible expressions in physical-spatial forms
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Wagner-Ellender-Taft Bill
2) 1st US comprehensive housing legislation
3) Aimed to construct 800,000 units
4) Inaugurated urban redevelopment program
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Established
🗑
|
||||
| 1954 Berman v. Parker | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1954 Brown v. Board of Education | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Stressed slum prevention & urban renewal vs. slum clearance & urban redevelopment in the 1949 Act
2) Stimulated general pln for cities under 25,000 population by providing funds under Section 701 -- fostered statewide/interstate/substate regional pln
🗑
|
||||
| 1954 Council of Government (COGS) movement | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Author: Robert B. Mitchell& Chester Rapkin
2) Groundbreaking inquiry into the forces that account for the land use structure of the modern metropolitan region.
🗑
|
||||
| 1955 Air Pollution Control Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Passed. Multi-billion dollar.
2) Purpose: create interstate hwy system linking all state capitals and most cities of 50,000 population or more
🗑
|
||||
| 1957 Publication "Standard Industrial Classification" | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1957 Publication "Urban Land Use Planning" | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Author: Harvey S. Perloff
2) About intellectual, practical and philosophical basis for the education of city and regional planners
🗑
|
||||
| 1959 Publication "A Multiple Land Use Classification System" | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1959 Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations (ACIR) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Established by departments heads of planning schools at the annual ASIP conference to confer on common problems and interests regarding the education of planners
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Completed.
2) Joint US-Canada project that created a 4th North American seacoast, opening the American heartland to sea-going vessels
🗑
|
||||
| 1960 Publication "Image of the City" | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Author: Jane Jacobs
2) Critique of planning and planners
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Author: Richard Hedman and Fred Bair
2) Cartoon book poking fun at the planning profession
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Hawaii becomes the 1st state to institute statewide zoning
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Established by NY, NJ, and PA to foster joint mgmt of the river's water resources
🗑
|
||||
| 1962 Urban Growth Simulation Model | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1962 Publication "A Choice Theory of Planning" | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Author: Rachel Carson
2) Wakes the nation to the deleterious effects of pesticides on animal, plant and human life
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Fairfax County Board of Supervisors establishes VA's 1st residential planned community zone, clearing the way for the creation of Reston, a full-scale, self-contained New Town 18 miles from Washington, DC
🗑
|
||||
| 1962 Publication "The City in History" | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) A new town situated about halfway between Washington and Baltimore
2) Featured some class integration and the neighborhood principle
🗑
|
||||
| 1963 Publication "Comprehensive Planning and Social Responsibility" | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1964 Publication "The Urban General Plan" | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Outlaws discrimination based on race, creed, and national origin in places of public accommodation
🗑
|
||||
| 1964 Publication "The Federal Bulldozer" | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Author: Herbert Gans
2) A study of the consequences for community life in a Boston West End Italian-American community
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Signed by President Lyndon Johnson
2) Establishes National Wilderness Preservation System - federal lands designated as "wilderness areas"
3) Prohibit development, settlement, road bldg, and all forms of mechanized transport in such areas
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Author: Ira Lowry
2) Published by Rand Corporation
3) One of the earliest and the most influential of urban development models
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Occurs when Housing and Home Finance Agency is succeeded by HUD
2) Robert Weaver comes HUD's 1st Secretary and nation's 1st African-American cabinet member
🗑
|
||||
| 1965 Water Resources Mgmt Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Establishes a region comprising all of West Virginia and part of 12 other states, plus a planning commission with the power to frame plans and allocate resources
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Launches the "model cities" program, an interdisciplinary attack on urban blight and poverty
2) A centerpiece of President L. Johnson's "Great Society" program
🗑
|
||||
| 1966 Publication "With Heritage So Rich" | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Establishes the National Register of Historic Places
2) Section 106 - protects the preservation of sites and properties threatened by federal activities
3) Creates national Advisory Council on Hist Preservation. Directs each state to appoint a SHPO.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Provides protection to parkland, wildlife refuges, & other worthy resources in bldg national roads
2) Private and public owned historic sites are both protected by Section 4(f)
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Celebratory conference held in Washington DC with practitioners and founders of the profession
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Drops the final phrase in the 1938 AIP declaration of purpose which tied it to the comprehensive arrangement and regulation of land use
2) The purpose was to broaden the scope and membership of the profession
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Office of Management and Budget issues Circular A-95 requiring state and substate regional clearinghouses to review and comment on federally assisted projects to facilitate coordination among the 3 levels of government
🗑
|
||||
| 1969 Publication "Design with Nature" | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1969 NEPA | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1969 Publication "American City Planning Since 1890" | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1969 Apollo 11 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) 1st Earth Day on January 1
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Established to administer main provisions of the Clean Air Act 1970
🗑
|
||||
| 1970 Miami Valley (Ohio) Regional Planning Commission Housing Plan | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Adopted by AIP
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Creates a voluntary National Coastal Mgmt Program
2) Participating states undertake to develop coastal mgmt programs meeting minimal federal standards
🗑
|
||||
| 1972 Clean Water Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1972 US State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) NY high court allows the use of performance criteria as a means of slowing community growth
🗑
|
||||
| 1972 Demolition of St Louis' Pruitt-Igoe Project | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Launched the 1st of several satellites for acquiring high resolution images of the earth's surface
2) Major advancement in efforts to identify, evaluate, develop, and conserve the planet's natural resources
🗑
|
||||
| 1973 Endangered Species Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1974 Housing and Community Development Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Shifts emphasis from traditional land-use planning to advocacy planning
🗑
|
||||
| 1976 Historic Preservation Fund | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Conducted
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) US Supreme Court upholds NYC's Landmark Preservation Law as applied to Grand Central Terminal
2) Court found that barring some development of air rights was not a taking when the interior of the property could be put to lucrative use
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) American Institute of Planners (AIP) and American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) merged to become APA
🗑
|
||||
| 1978 Urban Park & Recreation Recover Act | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Author: John Reps
🗑
|
||||
| 1980 "Reagan Revolution" begins | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Passed
2) Comprehensive Response, Compensation and Liability Act
3) Creates liability for dischargers
4) Taxed polluting industries to estab clean up trust funds
🗑
|
||||
| 1980 Associated Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Published by ACSP
2) 1st issue -- Vol 1, No 1
🗑
|
||||
| 1983 Mt. Laurel Case, NJ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Construction begins. One of the earliest examples of New Urbanism
2) Designed by: Andres Duany & Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk
3) New Urbanism emphasizes urban features: compactness, walkability, mixed-use
4) Anti-sprawl, smart growth movement
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Held in Columbus, OH
2) Led to the founding of the Society of American City and Regional Planning History (SACRPH)
🗑
|
||||
| 1987 First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. County of Los Angeles | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Finds that land-use restrictions, to be valid, must be tied directly to a specific public purpose
🗑
|
||||
| 1989 Planning Accreditation Board (PAB) | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) US Supreme Court limits local and state governments' ability to restrict private property without compensation
🗑
|
||||
| 1993 Enterprise Zone/Empowerment Community (EZ/EC) | show 🗑
|
||||
| 1994 Dolan v. City of Tigard | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Among US, Canada, and Mexico begins on January 1
2) Purpose: to foster trade and investment among the 3 nations by removing or lowering non-tariff as well as tariff barriers
🗑
|
||||
| 1999 AICP inaugurates a College of Fellows | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Canyons of the Ancients (CO); Cascade-Siskiyou (OR); Hanford Ranch (WA); Ironwood Forest, Grand Canyon-Parashant, Agua Fria (AZ); Grand Sequoia, California Coastal (CA)
2) Expanded Pinnacles, CA
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
vuuy