aicp-transportation cards
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| Four steps of the transportation forecasting model order | trip generation, trip distribution, mode choice and route assignment,
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| Trip generation rates | the number of trips a particular site is likely to generate
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| Trip distribution | the number of trips going from each origin to each destination
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| ITE manual | Institute of Transportation Engineers – produce a manual that gives parking generation rates for different land uses
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| Modal Split/mode choice | how many people are using each mode of travel and how they get where they want to go (bike, ped, car, transit).
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| Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) | amount of traffic on a roadway in a 24 hour period, averaged over a year.
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| Peak hour volume | hourly traffic during the peak period
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| Seasonal hour volume | peak hour volume during different seasons
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| Design Hour Volume (DHV) | the hour that the capacity of the roadway will be met. i.e. we may design the road to handle the peak (7 am?) road capacity, or we could design it to meet off-peak hour demand. When peak volumes excess DHV, congestion will occur at those times.
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| Traffic assignment/route assignment | trip assignment; gives information on the routes that will be used between origins and destinations.
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| gravity model | considers attractiveness of places to determine generation rate. activity, distance, cost and time are part of attractiveness
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| Functional classifications | arterial - fastest, low accessibility from other roads,long-distance travel. collector;connection between local roads and arterial roads. local; most common, slowest for travel.high accessibility and connect to collector and arterial roads
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| What percentage of trips are done by bicycling or walking? | Fewer than 10% of commute trips are by walking or bicycling
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| Vehicle Miles Traveled | the number of miles that residential vehicles are driven. 2008 was first recorded drop in VMT’s. Since 1970 VMT’s have increased by 121% more than four times the populations growth over that same period
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| The grid was invented by | the Ancient Greeks
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| 5 Disadvantages of the grid system | 1. Maximum number of four way intersections – can create conflicts. 2. Tangent standards can not always be met. 3. Max pavement and utility costs. 4. Streets used as parallel short cuts during rush hour. 5. Monotonous and boring
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| Street gradient minimum and maximums | minimum .5% max 5% with up to 8% for areas with mild winters
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| Highway capacity manual – published by the Transportation Research board, concepts, guidelines, and procedures for computing highway capacity and quality of service |
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| Federal-Aid Highway Act 1944 | Designated a 65,000 kilometer system of interstate highways to be selected and built by state highway departments. Authorized, but did not provide funding.
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| Public Roads Administration (PRA) | predecessor to the FHWA responsible for implementing the highway system
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| Highway Funding History in the 50’s | 1952 Federal-Aid Highway Act - $25 million for construction; 1954 Federal-Aid Highway Act - $175 million for construction; 1956 Federal-Aid Highway Act - $25 billion between 1957 and 1969
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| Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962 | Created federal mandate for urban transportation planning in city’s over 50,000 in the US. “continuing, comprehensive, and cooperative (3C) process.
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| Urban Mass Transportation Act – 1964 | $375 million for large-scale urban public or private rail projects. used matching funds.Created The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (Federal Transit Administration) Provided capital grants for up to 50% of the cost of transit improvements.
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| Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act – 1991 | (ISTEA) – provided funding for not just highways but also transit, pedestrian, and bicycle facilities.
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| Safe, accountable, flexible, and efficient transportation Equity Act – A legacy for users | (SAFETEA-LU 2005) expires in 2009 Funded the “new starts” program for new transit
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| Origin-Destination survey | barricade an area and ask people traveling within it where they are going. Gather demographic information to determine trip generation rates
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| Cross tabulation method | look at land use, and socioeconomic characteristics in the area to determine trip generation
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| According to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, in 2003 what percentage of workers traveled to work by transit, walk bicycle, and what percent worked from home? | 4.4 percent of workers travelled using public transportation, 3.1 percent worked from home, 2.7 percent walked, and 0.6 percent used a bicycle.
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