Plan Making and Implementation: Statistics
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| What is nominal? | no order.i.e. Race, social security number, and sex are examples of nominal data.
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| What is ordinal? | order, but no magnitude. A,B,C,D but has no significant value. has values that are ranked so that inferences can be made regarding the magnitude. However, ordinal data has no fixed interval between values.
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| WHat is Interval? | order and magnitude, temperature degree
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| What is Ratio Order? | has an ordered relationship and equal intervals. Distance is an example of ratio data because 3.2 miles is twice as long as 1.6 miles.
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| What is a mean? | Average
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| What is a median? | middle number best for skewed data
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| WHat is a mode? | Most frequent number in a set.
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| What is a range? | Highest # minus the lowest #
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| What is a stepdown method? | comparing data (i.e. comparing the city population witht the county populaton).
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| What is a cohurt method? | Using birth and death certificate data.
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| What is a sympothomatic method? | Using builder permit or electrical connection data.
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| When a location quotient is greaten than 1 what does that mean? | The area is exporting jobs.
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| While in some cases we want to know the central tendency of a dataset, in other cases we want to know the extent to which data differs from each other. | Measure of Dispersion
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| is the average squared difference of scores from the mean score of a distribution. | Variance, Variance is a descriptor of a probability distribution, how far the numbers lie from the mean.
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| is the square root of the variance. | Standard Deviation
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| is the standard deviation of a sampling distribution. | Standard Errors, Standard errors indicate the degree of sampling fluctuation. The larger the sample size the smaller the standard error.
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| gives an estimated range of values which is likely to include an unknown population parameter. | Confidence Interval, The width of the confidence interval gives us an idea of how uncertain we are about the unknown parameter. A wide interval may indicate that we need more data before we can make a definitive statement.
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| is a non-parametric test statistic that provides a measure of the amount of difference between two frequency distributions. | Chi Square, Chi Square is commonly used for probability distributions in inferential statistics. This Chi Square distribution is used to test the goodness of fit of an observed distribution to a theoretical one.
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| Which is a detailed, very accu¬rate, method for making short term population projections that can handle multiple variables | Cohurt Survival method
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| is the difference between the number of children born and the number of people who die during one time interval. Migration and Natural increase are basically part of the Cohort-Survival method. | Natural Increases
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| The term relates to a level of "consensus", where policy options are accepted short of 100 percent agreement. This type of consensus can be used in meeting facilitation and in the formulation of "alternatives" in long-range planning programs. | Satisficing
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| technique allocates a portion of the projected expansion to sub-regions or population centers based on the center's present share of the employment. | Shift Share Analysis
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| A statistic that provides an estimate of one variable based upon other variables | Regression Analysis
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| What is a normal distribution? | is one that is symmetrical around the mean. This is a bell curve.
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| A variable where the value is fixed or static. | Dichotomous
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| The assignment of numbers of symbols for the purpose of designating subclasses that represent unique characteristics. | Nominal scale
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| is the assignment of numbers or symbols for the purpose of identifying ordered relationships of a particular characteristics without specified intervals. | Ordinal scale.
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| characteristics with the ability to determine differences in amounts. | Interval scale.
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| ordered relations of some characteristic with the ability to determine differences and an absolute zero point. | Ratio Scale.
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| In population projections this type of method compares the study area (city) to a larger study area (state). | Ratio Method
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| In order to improve the sample reliability which of the following should you do? | Use a heterogeneous population
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| What can be described as a measure of dispersion around the mean that is calculated as the average of the sum of the squared deviations from the mean? | Variance
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| very low speeds, frequent stoppages, volume is greater than capacity | Level Service F
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| In a plot illustrating a data set with normal distribution, the highest peak of the "bell-curve" would indicate what? | represents the mean, mode, and median.
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| What is the reason for selecting a random sample from a large population? | To provide a statistically significant sample
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| A method used to calculate population projections by sex and by five year age intervals that interprets fertility? | Cohurt Survival
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| a range of values that includes a certain population parameter with a given probability | Confidence Interval
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| Correlation coefficients range in value from? | +1 to -1
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| A correlation value of +100 indicates | a maxmimum postive correlation
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| homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions at the time of establishment, census tracts average about 4,000 inhabitants | Census Tract
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| Extrapolation, component and Ration are what? | strategies for projecting populations.
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| If you have a population, and you have every measurement of that population, which statistical methodology could best help you describe the data? | Descriptive
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| graphic skew to the right means? | negative skew
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