From APA Study Notes
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the dominant land use in the U.S.? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 275
🗑
|
||||
| show | Navajo, 16 million acres
🗑
|
||||
| show | 50 gallons (but could be calculated as 120 - 180 gallons/person/day, depending on how is calculated and if lawns are being watered)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Nitrogen oxide, Carbon monoxide, Lead, Sulfur dioxide, ozone, and particulates
🗑
|
||||
| show | George Perkins Marsh, inspired the conservationist movement
🗑
|
||||
| Who wrote Report on the Lands of the Arid Region of the U.S.? (1878) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | John Muir, to promote the protection and preservation of the natural environment
🗑
|
||||
| show | First director of the U.S. Forest Service (1905), leader of conservation movement, advocating for both preservation and scientific management of natural resources
🗑
|
||||
| Who wrote The Last Landscape (1959)? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Who wrote Silent Spring (1962)? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1897, to survey and classify all public domain lands
🗑
|
||||
| What is the largest concrete structure in the US? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | April 22, 1970
🗑
|
||||
| show | separates ownership of land from the right to develop that land
🗑
|
||||
| show | Established that environmental protection regulations are a reasonable exercise of the police power of the state and do not amount to a taking of private property without just compensation; The natural state of the shore land is a public interest that sup
🗑
|
||||
| show | U.S. Supreme Court ruled that open space requirements established by the City of Tiburon did not result in a taking of property; Established the principle that a governmental action was not a regulatory taking if it substantially advanced a legitimate gov
🗑
|
||||
| show | U.S. Supreme Court decided that the government can restrict land development to protect endangered species and their habitats, and it does not constitute a taking; Harm includes significant habitat modification or degradation that kills or injures wildlif
🗑
|
||||
| show | U.S. Supreme Court decided that environmental protection laws prohibiting filling undeveloped salt marsh (wetlands) did not remove all economically viable use of the land and therefore this regulation was not a taking
🗑
|
||||
| show | National Pollution Discharge Elimination System: Authorized by the Clean Water Act, to control water pollution by regulation point sources that discharge pollutants into U.S. water bodies; Industrial and municipal polluters must obtain a NPDES discharge p
🗑
|
||||
| What is CAFE (1975)? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA 1980) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Required coordination between states and metropolitan areas for air quality standards; created program to earmark funds for scenic byways and historic preservation to address community-wide impacts of transportation
🗑
|
||||
| show | Preservation of wilderness (Muir), vs. Conservation (wise use of natural resources, Pinchot)
🗑
|
||||
| Number of endangered species? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How has average size of single family detached homes changed over last 50 years? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Aveage annual per capita consumption of gasoline in 2000? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The ability of insulation above ceilings and in walls to keep heat inside during the winter and keep heat our during the summer; The higher the R-factor, the better the insulation and the less energy required to keep building hot or cold
🗑
|
||||
| show | The treated wastewater discharged by sewage treatment plants
🗑
|
||||
| show | Glacial deposit of rock and soil
🗑
|
||||
| show | The study of the chemical, hydrological and biological aspects of lakes and ponds
🗑
|
||||
| show | Refers to a lake or lake-type environment, such as a wetland
🗑
|
||||
| Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Phosphorous
🗑
|
||||
| show | Highly mobile organic compound such as petroleum, hydrocarbons, and solvents that readily evaporate
🗑
|
||||
| show | Current land use map and future land use map (basis for zoning map); Future trends forecast to i.e. 20 years out
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1 Acre = 43,560 SF
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1 hectare = 10,000 square meters
🗑
|
||||
| show | 5,280 feet = 1 mile
🗑
|
||||
| show | NYC 1916, Edward Bassett; cumulative approach to zoning
🗑
|
||||
| show | Yellowstone, 1872
🗑
|
||||
| First National wildlife refuge? | show 🗑
|
||||
| First Historic Preservation Commission? | show 🗑
|
||||
| First off-street parking regulations? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Bronx River Parkway
🗑
|
||||
| When was the first national conference on City planning? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Who founded the American City Planning Institute, and when? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1978
🗑
|
||||
| Rational Planning Model (synoptic), associated w who? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Charles Lindblom; Ther Science of Muddling Through; response to rational planning model; acknowleges that changes are made in increments
🗑
|
||||
| Advocacy planning (radical), associated w who? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Daniel Burnham | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ebenezer Howard, 1989, Garden Cities of to-morrow
🗑
|
||||
| show | LeCorbusier, 1920s, Large scale grid of arterial streets, superblocks composed of high-rise towers and individual zones for each use type
🗑
|
||||
| show | Ernest Burgess, 1925; Urban areas grow outward as a series of concentric rings
🗑
|
||||
| show | Wrote “Disappearing City” (1932) with utopian vision of Broadacre City (sprawling, decongested type of auto-oriented development; each house on one acre and with a car)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Homer Hoyt, 1939, Proposed that urban areas develop by sectors, formed along communication and transportation routes
🗑
|
||||
| Multiple Nuclei Theory | show 🗑
|
||||
| Bid Rent Theory | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Andres Duany, 1982 (also known as neotraditional design)
🗑
|
||||
| show | John Logan and Harvey Molotch, 1987, Proposed that urban development is actually directed by those elite members of the community who control the resources and have business and political interests that benefit from development
🗑
|
||||
| Edge City | show 🗑
|
||||
| Berman v Parker (1954) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Takings clause was violated when public agency would grant the Nollans a permit to build a house only if they provided a public easement on their beachfront property; Land-use regulation amounted to a taking
🗑
|
||||
| Lucas v South Carolina Coastal Council (1992) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Freedom of speech; City could not ban posting a non-commercial window sign in own residence (anti-gulf war sign)
🗑
|
||||
| Golden v Planning Board of the Town of Ramapo (1972) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Southern Burlington NAACP v Township of Mount Laurel (1975, 1983) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Eminent domain; Economic development is a public use for which the power of eminent domain may be exercised when part of an integrated development plan
🗑
|
||||
| show | Takings; Removed the “substantially advances” test (basis of Agins v Tiburon) to identify regulatory taking; Relevant test if whether due process clause has been violated; Affirms that regulatory taking occurs when regs destroy all economic value
🗑
|
||||
| City of Rancho Palos Verde v Abrams | show 🗑
|
||||
| San Remo Hotel L.P. v City and County of San Fransisco (2005) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Clarence Perry; Traditionally contais 6,000 people
🗑
|
||||
| show | Stein and Wright, 1928; inspired by Howard’s Garden City concept; Forerunner of New Deal’s Greenbelt towns
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hoover, Dept of Commerce
🗑
|
||||
| Standard City Planning Enabling Act (1928) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Rules for Radicals, Community Organizing, “Organization of organizations”
🗑
|
||||
| Norman Krumholtz | show 🗑
|
||||
| Crime Prevention thorough Environmental Design (CPTED) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | >10%
🗑
|
||||
| show | “the process through which citizens who live and/or work in an area are actively involved in the dev of plans and recommendations”
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Aspirational principles (cannot be enforced), 2) Rules of conduct (must be followed), 3) Procedures (for handling charges of misconduct)
🗑
|
||||
| Ethics: Aspirational principles: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Provide adequate, timely, clear and accurate info, 2) must not advocate opposing positions, 3) must not take unfair advantage of a sitaution, 4) Avoid conflict of interest of appearance thereof
🗑
|
||||
| Ethics: Procedure: | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ethics: Who makes the final determination in a charge of ethics misconduct? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How should communications regarding specific ethics situation be handled? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | June 2005
🗑
|
||||
| show | To service the public interest
🗑
|
||||
| show | Consider: how public interest is defined through continuous and open debate (opps for participation); Rights of others, long-range consequences, interrelatedness of decisions, preservation of natural/built environment; Accurate info; Expand choice and be
🗑
|
||||
| show | Use professional judgment; Accept decision of client/employer (unless illegal or contrary to public interest); Avoid actual or perceived conflicts of interest
🗑
|
||||
| show | Education others about the profession; Show respect for colleagues; Contribute to the development of the profession
🗑
|
||||
| Urbanism as a Way of Life (1938) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1973
🗑
|
||||
| Property Administration 41 Act of 1949 | show 🗑
|
||||
| What year was American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) established? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Gave public land to each state to be sold for the establishment of “engineering, agriculture and military science colleges (land grant colleges)
🗑
|
||||
| Pennsylvania Coal v Mahon (1922) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cumulative zoning | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Allows only stated use and not less intensive uses
🗑
|
||||
| Exclusive zoning | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Public participation (RAND), Uses successive rounds of questions to work towards greater clarification 1) Identify needs/goals/jectives or alternatives; 2) establish priorities, group preferences, differences among diverse reference groups; 3) educating a
🗑
|
||||
| Fred French Investing Co v City of NY (1976) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Pierre L’Enfant | show 🗑
|
||||
| First comprehensive city plan officially adopted by major US city? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Los Angeles, 1922
🗑
|
||||
| San Fransisco Zoning Ordinance, 1867 | show 🗑
|
||||
| First regional planning agency? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | US Supreme Court, Takings, commission required Dolan to maintain greenway on hardware store property; Ruling in favor of Dolan, established principle of rational nexus for regulatory action
🗑
|
||||
| Hadacheck v Sebastian (1915) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Limit on the number of building permits for single-fam homes issued each year; upheld by court of appeals on ground that it sought to preserve small town character and open space and promote growth at an “orderly” rate”
🗑
|
||||
| show | US Supreme Court upheld Detroit “adult zoning” ordinance that prohibited location of adult movie theaters in proximity to each other and residential area; Court argued that it did not restrain speech but only maintain neighborhood character
🗑
|
||||
| show | US Supreme Court found historic preservation to be a valid public purpose; Upheld LPC’s denial of request to develop over Grand Central (a designated historic landmark); Penn Central could have TDR’d
🗑
|
||||
| show | US Supreme Court struck down ordinance that banned com and non-com off-site billboards yet permitted on-site signage as violation of free speech
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lexington and Fayette County, KY (1958)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Viewed land use as a function of accessibility
🗑
|
||||
| show | Exercise of police power, which means government’s right to impose regulations to protect public health, safety and welfare
🗑
|
||||
| show | Specifies exactly what uses will be allowed in each district and at what level of intensity; Does not allow for mix of uses
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1925, developed comprehensive plan for Cincinnati, the first American city to adopt a comprehensive plan; Defending zoning in Amber v Eucid
🗑
|
||||
| show | Regulates size, form, appearance and placement of buildings ad parking rather than the use of the land and the density of development
🗑
|
||||
| Transect zoning | show 🗑
|
||||
| Performance zoning | show 🗑
|
||||
| Exactions | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | used to secure a portion of rights associated with a parcel
🗑
|
||||
| show | Right granted by owner to other to building, maintain and use a road, pathway or utility line across the owner’s property
🗑
|
||||
| 5th Amendment | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ripeness doctrine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hardship inherent in the physical characteristics of the land (although often misconstrued as alleviation of financial hardship)
🗑
|
||||
| show | US Supreme Court upheld validity of zoning as a legitimate exercise of policy power, and emphasized the need to separate land uses, in order to protect public health, safety and welfare; established zoning as a legitimate exercise of police power by local
🗑
|
||||
| Spur Industries v Del E Webb Dev Co (1972) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | US Supreme Court ruled that LA violated free speech by banning noncommercial signage on public property
🗑
|
||||
| show | US Supreme Court upheld zoning ordinance that prohibited adult theaters with 1K ft of residence etc bc it did not violate free speech bc it didn’t altogether prohibit use in city
🗑
|
||||
| First English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Glendale v County of Los Angeles (1987) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | US Supreme Court upheld the use of development moratoria and said that a moratorium is not necessarily a taking of property requiring compensation
🗑
|
||||
| show | Provided for the rectangular land survey of the NW Territory
🗑
|
||||
| show | Confirmed the states’ authority to delegate police power to municipalities to enact local zoning ordinances; Drafted under Secretary of Commerce Hoover
🗑
|
||||
| Standard City Planning Enabling Act (1928) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Housing Act of 1949 | show 🗑
|
||||
| Housing Act of 1954 | show 🗑
|
||||
| Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act (1966) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1) Mitigation planning, to minimize damage; 2) Preparation planning; 3) Response planning; 4) Recovery planning
🗑
|
||||
| show | The tolerable soil loss that, if exceeded, would adversely affect the productivity of the soil
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gradual sinking of land, sometimes due to excessive groundwater pumping in surface drainage patters due to urbanization
🗑
|
||||
| Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is per capita daily water demand? | show 🗑
|
||||
| A gravity feed water supply system must have storage tanks how far above the distribution area? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 150 gallons
🗑
|
||||
| show | Use to determine if soil at a site has adequate absorptive capacity for a septic system to function properly
🗑
|
||||
| What is per capita saily solid waste production? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Detention systems Temporarily hold the water for gradual release to a stream or storm sewer; Retention maintains a permanent pool of water
🗑
|
||||
| show | Superfund
🗑
|
||||
| What % of trips in US are done by bicycle or foot? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Multimodal listing of highway, public transit, bicycle and pedestrian improvements and transportation emission reduction measures for which fed funds have been earmarked in particular region (in effict 3-5yrs)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Typically the size of a census tract
🗑
|
||||
| What are 4 steps of a travel demand model? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hierarchy of roads | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cartway | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | To reduce congestion by making the most efficient use of a multimodal network
🗑
|
||||
| Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Most--single fam home; Least--retirement homes
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1.0 - 5.0 spaces per 1,000 SF of GLA
🗑
|
||||
| show | 0.5 - 3.0 spaces per 1,000 SF of GLA, or 0.1 - 0.75 spaces per employee
🗑
|
||||
| What is peak parking space factor for a hotel? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is peak parking space factor for a restaurant? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 0.2 - 2.0 spaces per unit
🗑
|
||||
| What is the scale for transportation Level of Service (LOS)? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Boston, 1897
🗑
|
||||
| Where/when was first limited access highway? | show 🗑
|
||||
| National Interstate and Defense Highways Act (1956) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA 1990) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Successor to ISTEA; added new initiatives for improving safety, protecting natural environment, advancing economic growth and competitiveness; emphasized transit as alt to highway expansion
🗑
|
||||
| show | Some states (i.e. FL) require that planning and commitments for transportation and infrastructure be linked with planning and commitments for other functions such as growth, water supply, or education
🗑
|
||||
| show | Regional park - at least 250 acres (or 5 acres for every 1,000 people); Community park - at least 20 acres (or 3 acres for every 1,000 people); Neighborhood park - at least 5 acres (or ? acres per 1,000 people)
🗑
|
||||
| Cluster development/cluster zoning | show 🗑
|
||||
| Location quotient | show 🗑
|
||||
| Shift-share analysis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sizes of different types of shopping centers | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Special-purpose governments that generally serve a single purpose and are geographically defined; May levy taxes and issue debt and employ user charges as financial mechanism
🗑
|
||||
| show | Use for site acquisition and clearance to facilitate economic development; Competitive funds (vs entitlement CDBG funds)
🗑
|
||||
| Community Reinvestment Act (1977) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Empowerment Zones/Enterprise Zones (1994) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Charleston, SC (1931)
🗑
|
||||
| US v Gettysburg Electric Railway (1896) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Antiquities Act (1906) | show 🗑
|
||||
| National Trust for Historic Preservation (1949) | show 🗑
|
||||
| National Historic Preservation Act (1966) | show 🗑
|
||||
| James Rouse | show 🗑
|
||||
| Kevin Lynch | show 🗑
|
||||
| William H. Whyte | show 🗑
|
||||
| Allan Jacobs | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Joel Garreau, defined as a distinct place that was not anything like a city 30 years ago, that has at least 5M SF of leasable office space, 600K SF of retail, and more jobs than bedrooms
🗑
|
||||
| show | Dominant urban form with large, isolated, suburban office complexes that are not accessible by pedestrians or transit
🗑
|
||||
| show | William Penn, late 1600s, as rectangular grid with 4 public squares (now parks) and a town square
🗑
|
||||
| When/how/who Washington DC planned? | show 🗑
|
||||
| When/how/who Savannah, George planned? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Riverside, IL | show 🗑
|
||||
| First skyscraper | show 🗑
|
||||
| First safety elevator | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1903, First English Garden City and a stimulus to the New Town movement in the US Greenbelt towns
🗑
|
||||
| Forest Hills Gardens | show 🗑
|
||||
| Mariemont, OH | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sunnyside Gardens | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Gov’t sponsored towns based on Garden Cities in 1930s; Greenhills, OH; Greendale, WI; Greenbelt, MD
🗑
|
||||
| Park Forest, IL | show 🗑
|
||||
| New Towns | show 🗑
|
||||
| Seaside, FL | show 🗑
|
||||
| Regional Plan for New York City and Its Environs (1929) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 31% Urban / 31% Suburban / 38% Rural
🗑
|
||||
| show | 66%
🗑
|
||||
| show | New homes are 50% larger, HH size has shrunk by 1 person
🗑
|
||||
| Daily homeless population in the US? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 51% single men; 17% are single women; 39% are families with children; 13-25% are employed
🗑
|
||||
| show | Required buildings to provide only narrow airshaft btwn adjacent structures and only two toilets on each floor (called dumbbell tenements bc of their shape)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Outlawed the dumbbell design and allowd for only 70% lot coverage; Required toilets and running water in each unit, and improved lighting and ventilation
🗑
|
||||
| show | 80-90%
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1976 housing voucher program for public housing residents to move to suburbs for better economic and educational opportunities
🗑
|
||||
| National Housing Act (1934) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Wagner-Steagall Housing Act (1937) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Focus on slum clearance, urban renewal and new housing construction (initialed Urban Renewal)
🗑
|
||||
| Housing Act of 1954 | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Created HUD; Robert Weaver first HUD secretary
🗑
|
||||
| show | Instituted CDBG program
🗑
|
||||
| show | First major legislative response to homelessness; Emphasis on elderly, disabled and families with children
🗑
|
||||
| Impact fee / linkage fee | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Salt Lake Cit, 1868; founded by Brigham Young as way to decrease dependence on outside goods
🗑
|
||||
| show | Often prepared in response to a specific problem, in communities where neighborhoods are well defined
🗑
|
||||
| Private Sewage Treatment Facilities (PSTFs) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Characteristics of a traditional village | show 🗑
|
||||
| Town planing considerations | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Permitted settlers to claim 160-acre parcel of public land in the west on condition they reside on land for 5 consecutive years; Cause gov’t to take a major role in water development in the West
🗑
|
||||
| What % of rural Americans live on farms? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ⅓ of all farms in US are in metropolitan areas; They produce over 2/3s of country’s produce and about 40% of all dairy products
🗑
|
||||
| What % of rural employment is in manufacturing? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Dillion’s Rule vs. Home Rule | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Patrick Gedes, considered by some as the father of regional planning
🗑
|
||||
| First full-time planner employed by an American city? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Ian McHarg | show 🗑
|
||||
| Steps of a plan-making process? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Usually for an entire municipality or county; Addresses short-term and long-term planning concerns, current and future trends; Documents what ideas the community is seeking through a series of goals and implementation strategies
🗑
|
||||
| show | Plan for infrastructure; Estimates future needs and sources of funding; Usually includes detailed 5-6 year schedule
🗑
|
||||
| Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Goal is value-based statement about a desired future state of affairs. Objective offers more specific, measurable statements of how to achieve the desired ends. A Policy is a general rule that outlines how the goals and objectives of a plan should be real
🗑
|
||||
| show | Dept within executive branch; Planning director reports to municipality’s chief executive; Staff supports governing body, planning commission and zoning board in their zoning functions
🗑
|
||||
| show | Appointed by governing body or chief elected official. Does short- and long-term planning, plan review, budgeting. Makes recommendations to city governing body; however, often has direct or final authority in the adoption of master plans and review of sub
🗑
|
||||
| Zoning Board of Appeals (ZBA) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Confidence Interval | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Median is better measure of central tendency because it is less influence by outliers than the mean
🗑
|
||||
| show | A measure of how spread out a distribution is
🗑
|
||||
| show | The square root of the variance; Use to describe the degree to which a distribution is spread out (how far from the mean data points tend to be); About 68 percent of measurements in a normal distribution are within 1 std deviation of the mean; about 95% a
🗑
|
||||
| Chi-squared test | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Starts with an estimate for a larger area, such as the city, and uses that growth rate to estimate population in a neighborhood
🗑
|
||||
| Symptomatic method (statistics Q) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Designed to be a relatively homogeneous unit with respect to population characteristics, economic status and living conditions; Averages ~4,000 people
🗑
|
||||
| Census Block | show 🗑
|
||||
| Census Block Group | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A densely settled concentration of population that is not within an incorporated place, but is locally identified by a name; No size limits (since 2000)
🗑
|
||||
| show | A concentration of population either legally bounded as an incorporated place, or identified as a Census Designated Place
🗑
|
||||
| show | Incorporated under state law as, i.e., a city, town, borough or village, and having legally prescribed geographic limits
🗑
|
||||
| Urban Area | show 🗑
|
||||
| Urban Clusters | show 🗑
|
||||
| Urbanized Areas | show 🗑
|
||||
| Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 35.3 years
🗑
|
||||
| Average household size according to 2000 Census? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Biggest: California; Smallest: Wyoming
🗑
|
||||
| show | Shows how different tasks are related, depicts tasks and duration of tasks using forked lines; Use to reallocate available resources among tasks i order to keep the project on time and within budget (similar to critical path method)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Analyzes current econ and demo trends and conditions to estimate future budgetary need; Forecasts needs for next 4 - 6 years; Traditionally uses Line Item Budget
🗑
|
||||
| Line item budgets | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Organizes expenditures by the services they fund and a set of evaluation standards for each services; Readily used as a management tool; Examples: Planned Programming Budgetary System (PPBS), Zero-Base Budgeting, Dayton System
🗑
|
||||
| show | Divides govt expenditures into program components rather than objects of expenditure; Focuses on fundamental objectives of a program, future implications of current budgeting decision, all costs, and alternatives; Robert McNamara (USDOD) in 60s-70s
🗑
|
||||
| Zero-Base Budgeting | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Drucker; Establishes overarching objectives using a collaborative process; 1) Determination and communication of organizational goals; 2) interpretation and definition of those goals into performance objectives for individuals; and 3) the measurement of p
🗑
|
||||
| Subdivision design covers | show 🗑
|
||||
| 3 basic elements of subdivision requirements | show 🗑
|
||||
| “A budget may be characterized as a series of goals with price tags attached” | show 🗑
|
||||
| General obligation bonds | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sold for projects that produce revenues; Are not backed by the full faith and credit of the local jurisdiction, but are financed in the long-term through service charges or fees
🗑
|
||||
| show | Facility is constructed by a private company or authority, and then leased by the municipality. Rental over the years of the lease will have paid the total original cost plus interest, and at end of lease period title conveyed to the municipality without
🗑
|
||||
| Airport planning | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Those that lack areas of constant human occupation. I.e. manufacturing, warehousing, distribution.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
juliestein
Popular Standardized Tests sets