Planning Making II AICP
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| show | total number of some entity. The total number of planners preparing for the 2011 AICP exam would be a population.
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| show | subset of the population. For example, 25 candidates out of the total number of planners preparing for the 2011 AICP exam.
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| show | characteristics of a population.
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| show | population based on observations made on a sample from that population. We infer things about the population based on what is observed in the sample.
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| show | typical or representative value of a dataset. There are several ways to report central tendency, including mean, median, and mode.
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| Mean is the | show 🗑
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| show | middle number of a ranked distribution. The median of [2, 3, 4, 6, 7] is 4.
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| show | most frequent number in a distribution. The modes of [1, 2, 3, 3, 5, 6, 7, 7] are 3 and 7. There can be more than one mode for a data set.
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| Nominal data is | show 🗑
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| show | ranked so that inferences can be made regarding the magnitude. However, ordinal data has no fixed interval between values. Educational attainment or a letter grade on a test are examples of ordinal data. Mode and median are the only measures of central te
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| Interval data is data that has an | show 🗑
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| Ratio data has an | show 🗑
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| show | that is symmetrical around the mean. This is a bell curve.
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| A distribution skewed to the right has a | show 🗑
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| A distribution skewed to the left has a few low numbers (outliers) that pull the mean | show 🗑
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| show | While in some cases we want to know the central tendency of a dataset, in other cases we want to know the extent to which data differs from each other. This is known as the dispersion of a distribution.
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| show | simplest measure of dispersion. The range is the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution. The age range of the respondents in a neighborhood survey goes from 18-year-old to 62-year-old. This results in a range of 44.
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| Variance is the | show 🗑
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| show | is the square root of the variance
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| Standard Error is the | show 🗑
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| show | estimated range of values which is likely to include an unknown population parameter. The width of the confidence interval gives us an idea of how uncertain we are about the unknown parameter
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| show | non-parametric test statistic that provides a measure of the amount of difference between two frequency distributions. Chi Square is commonly used for probability distributions in inferential statistics. This Chi Square distribution is used to test the go
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| show | the goodness of fit of an observed distribution to a theoretical one.
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| Urbanized Area | show 🗑
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| show | at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 persons and a population density of 1,000 persons per square mile. This delineation of built-up territory around small towns and cities is new for the 2000 Census. In 2000, 11% of the U.S. population lived in 3,158 urba
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| show | 50,000 or more inhabitants, or an urbanized area (of at least 50,000 inhabitants), and a total metropolitan population of at least 100,000.
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| Primary MSA (PMSA) is an area that meets the requirements for an | show 🗑
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| Consolidated MSA (CMSA) is made up of several | show 🗑
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| Megalopolis | show 🗑
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| show | 2,000 and 8,000 people. It is the smallest area where all information is released
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| Census Block is the smallest level | show 🗑
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| show | 29 states and usually corresponds to a municipality. Census County Divisions are used in the 21 states that do not have MCD's
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| Tribal Designated Statistical Area is a unit drawn by | show 🗑
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| show | is a term that is under a number of government programs to determine program eligibility. For example, the Phase II Stormwater requirements automatically apply if a city meets the minimum threshold population. Another example is the Threshold Population t
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| American Community Survey (ACS) | show 🗑
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| show | People born in the United States between 1946 and 1964 are known as Baby Boomers. The name "baby boomers" came about because there was an exceptionally high birth rate during the period
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| Generation X | show 🗑
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| Generation Y (aka Echo Boom) | show 🗑
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| Generation Z | show 🗑
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| show | Topographically Integrated Geographical Encoding and Referencing map, which is used for Census data. A TIGER map includes streets, railroads, zip codes, and landmarks.
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| show | s a simulation software program that models planning and urban development. This free software program is designed to be used by Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs).
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| show | is a software program that allows agencies to create 3D images. This allows citizens to visualize the potential for development and redevelopment
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| Digital Aerial Photography | show 🗑
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| show | show digital data about the elevation of the earth's surface as it varies across communities allows planners to analyze and map it. DEMs can be used for stormwater management, flood control, land use decisions, and other purposes.
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| show | a laser, instead of radio waves, that is mounted in an airplane to provide detailed topographic information. It can provide a dense pattern of data points to create one foot contours for DEMs for use in watershed mapping and hydrologic modeling for flood
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| show | also known as cost-revenue analysis, is used to estimate the costs and revenues of a proposed development on a local government.
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| Average Per Capita Method: | show 🗑
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| show | assumes the cost of service to a new development is the same as the cost to service the existing community. This may not be true.
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| Adjusted Per Capita Method: | show 🗑
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| Disaggregated Per Capita Method | show 🗑
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| show | applies statistical analysis to time-series data from a jurisdiction. This method determines, for example, how much sales tax revenue is generated per capita from a grocery store and applies this to new development.
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| Environmental Assessment | show 🗑
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| show | Introduction includes a statement of the Purpose and Need of the,Proposed Action,Description of the Affected Environment;
Range of Alternatives to the proposed action. Alternatives are considered the "heart" of the EIS;Analysis of the environmental impac
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| Environmental Impact Statement must address each of the following five topics | show 🗑
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| Relationship between local short-term uses of the environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity of the land; Any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources that would be involved in the proposed action. | show 🗑
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| budget | show 🗑
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| There are two primary types of budgets: | show 🗑
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| operating budget | show 🗑
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| show | includes long-term purchases, such as a new building, recreation center, water main, or major equipment.
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| show | one-year budget for capital expenditures, while a Capital Improvements Program (CIP) is a longer range (5-10 year) look at the capital needs of a community.
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| show | emphasis is on projecting the budget for the next year while adding in inflationary costs. The advantage of this method is that it does not require any evaluation of existing services, it is easy to prepare and justify
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| show | one-year into the future and is not linked with strategic, comprehensive, or capital improvement plans.
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| Planning, Programming, Budgeting Systems (PPBS) | show 🗑
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| PPBS advantage of this method is that it helps | show 🗑
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| PPBS disadvantage is that it is | show 🗑
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| show | Budget organized by program areas (includes program mission statements, objectives, and indicators of success);
Long-range planning of goals, programs, and required resources;
Policy analysis, cost-benefit analysis, program evaluation.
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| show | emphasizes planning and fosters understanding within all units of an organization
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| ZBB advantage of this method is that it r | show 🗑
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| ZBB disadavantage | show 🗑
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| show | Efficiency and effectiveness of programs to be re-evaluated on a regular basis;Agencies to prepare “decision packages” for each program that look at the impact on mission of “low”, “medium”, and “high” funding; Decision packages of all programs ranked by
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| ZBB has limited success because of its | show 🗑
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| Performance-based budgeting is focused on | show 🗑
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| The advantage of this method is that it helps | show 🗑
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| show | ime-consuming to prepare and requires that goals and objectives be stated in measurable terms.
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| Performance-based budgeting includes the following components: | show 🗑
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| Pay-As-You-G | show 🗑
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| Reserve Funds | show 🗑
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| show | oter-approved bonds for capital improvements. GO Bonds use the tax revenue of the government to pay back the debt;
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| show | fixed source of revenue to pay back the debt. For example, revenue bonds could be issued to pay for a new water main.
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| show | allows a designated area to have tax revenue increases used for capital improvements in that area.
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| show | the cost of a public improvement
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| Lease-purchase allows a government to | show 🗑
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| Grants allow for | show 🗑
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| Progressive | show 🗑
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| show | The tax rate is the same regardless of income.
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| show | The tax rate decreases as income rises.
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| show | tax should reflect the ability to pay of those who bear its burden. Those who are poor, for instance, should not have to pay a lot in taxes;
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| Certainty | show 🗑
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| show | convenient to pay. For example, vehicle registration taxes are mailed to vehicle owners' homes;
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| Efficiency – A tax should allow | show 🗑
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| show | A tax should provide a stable source of revenue;
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| show | A tax should not change the way a government would normally use its resources.
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| show | estimates the total monetary value of the benefits and costs to the community of a project(s) to determine whether they should be undertaken.
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| show | Goals Achievement Matrix (GAM), Gantt Chart, Linear programming, Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), and Critical Path Method (CPM)
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| Goals Achievement Matrix (GAM) | show 🗑
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| show | This chart focuses on the sequence of tasks necessary for project completion. Each task is represented as a single horizontal bar on an X-Y chart.
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| Linear programming is a | show 🗑
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| show | scheduling method that graphically illustrates the interrelationships of project tasks. PERT is a good choice when precise time estimates are not available for project tasks.
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| Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) | show 🗑
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| Critical Path Method (CPM) | show 🗑
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