In each blank, try to type in the
word that is missing. If you've
typed in the correct word, the
blank will turn green.
If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: Occurs when temperature is constant, pressure is inversely proportional to volume As pressure increase volume decrease As decrease volume increase First gas lawAnswer: Law Question: At a constant pressure the volume of a given mass directly with temperature. Second gas law Volume increase temp increase pressure is constant. This is a linear process Second gas lawAnswer: Charles Question: At constant VOLUME the absolute pressure of a given mass varies with the absolute temperature. Third gas lawAnswer: Gay 's Law Question: Boyles Law, Charles Law, and Gay Lussac's Law any of properties can be found mathematically. Answer: Law Question: The law states that the product of the volume of a gas and its pressure over the temperature is equal to a . Expressed mathematically as pV/T=k Answer: Law Question: For comparing the same substance under two different sets of , the law can be written as Answer: /T1 = P2xV2/T2 Question: Equal volumes of gas, at the same temp and , contain the same number of particles or moleculesAnswer: 's Hypothesis Question: The idea gas constant has the same value for all Answer: Avagadro's Question: The state of an amount of gas is determined by its pressure, volume, and temperature thus pv = nRt p= pressure, v= volume, n= number of , R= is the gas constant, t= temperature in kelvinsAnswer: Idea gas Question: What is the gas (R) of Pascals-Meter per mole-Kelvin Answer: 8.314472 Question: What is the gas constant (R) of Answer: .0821 Question: The idea gas law is most for what type of gasAnswer: gases Question: Idea gas law is favored at _______ temperatures and _______ pressuresAnswer: high and Question: This law states that the total pressure exerted by gaseous is equaled to the sum of the partial pressures of each individual component in a gas mixtureAnswer: 's Law also called Dalton Law of partial pressures Question: This law assumes that do not react with each other Answer: 's Law Question: Temperature above which a subtance can not be liquified no matter how much is applied is known as?Answer: Temperature Question: Critical temp for oxide is Answer: 36.5 Question: Adiabatic heating occurs when the _____ of a gas is _______Answer: Pressure and Question: Adiabatic cooling occurs when the _____ of a gas is ________Answer: pressure and Question: The SI unit of work is Answer: Question: One Joule of work is done when a force of one ______ moves the point of applicaion one meter in the direction of forceAnswer: Question: Energy is Answer: Conserved Question: Work can be as Answer: x force Question: If P = F/A F = PA if V = DA therefore D = V/A Consequently work = Answer: PA x V/A = Question: The for contraction is derived from the chemical energy conversion of Answer: carbohydrates, fats, and to ATP Question: Work = shortening x Answer: mean force Question: Energy is not lost but from Answer: one form to Question: For calulations to work pressure must be in ____ and volume must be in __________Answer: pascals and meters Question: Half of mechanical energy during inspiration is stored in the __________. The other half is used to overcome airway __________Answer: elastic and resistnace Question: What is Answer: The of water from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution when the two are seperated by a semipermeable membrane. Question: Heat is loss from the body by conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. Rank these routes from most to heat lossAnswer: > convection > evaporation > conduction Question: which route does a burn partient lose the highest percentage of body heat?Answer: Question: For each one degree decrease in temperature, metabolism decrease by what ?Answer: 7% for each centegrade Question: Where are the for heat loss and heat gain located?Answer: heat loss center is located in the anterior hypothalmus and heat gain is located in the hypothalmus Question: What is the more temperature disorder during anesthesia, hypothermia or hyperthermia? Answer: Hypothrmia Question: How does hypothermia systemic vascualr resistance and cardiac output?Answer: Hypothermiais associated with increased SVR and myocardial depression (decreaed cardiac ). Question: What four groups of patients are at risk for intraoperative ?Answer: 1. pediatrics, 2. geriatrics, 3. , 4. patients with hypothalmic lesions. Question: Hypothermia is associated with what hematologic ?Answer: 1. increase blood viscosity, 2. left shift shift in curve, 3. impaired coagulation, 4. thrombocytopenia Question: Hypothermia has what on drug elimination? Answer: Elimination of drugs are because hepatic blood flow and metabolism are decreased, which slows excretion of drugs Question: Identify 6 physiologic caused by hypothermia. Answer: 1.oxyhemoglobin shift to the left 2. increaed shivering 3. drug biotransformation are slowed 4. glomerular filtration rate is decreased 5. profound CNS depression 6. bradycardia and increased PVC's Question: Why is emergence delayed in the who is hypothermic Answer: hypothermia reduces elimination of aneshtetics and prolongs awakening. decrease the overall rate of metabolism. Question: What is the sign of Malignant HypothermiaAnswer: end-tidal CO2 Question: How fast may temp rise an epeisode of MH Answer: 1-2 Celsius every 5 mins Question: What is responsible for the increase sympathetic nerveous system during an episode of MH Answer: Question: Which drugs should be avoided in patients with a history of MH Answer: Succinylcholine and volatile agents ie desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and enflurane Question: What neuromuscular blocking agent may trigger MHAnswer: Tubocurarine (d-Tubocurarine , dTC) Question: What body temperature should cooling be stopped with Answer: 38 C Question: If the blood:gas partition coeffecient is large, is the uptake slow or fast; is the onset slow or fast; and is the rise of the of the FA/FI slow or Answer: An inhalational agent with a large blood:gas coeffecient is hghly lipid soluble. So uptake is FAST but speed of and the rise in FA/FI is slow. The higher the blood gas coeffecient, the greater the anesthetic uptake by the pulmonary circulation. Question: For a volatile agent that is poolry blood soluble (small blood:gas partition coeffecient)iss the uptake of agent by the blood slow or fastand is the rise in the FA/FI slow or fast Answer: poorly soluble agents the uptake is slow, the speed of onset is fast, the rise in the FA/FI curve is fast. Question: Brain uptake of anesthetics depend on what four ?Answer: 1. Blood solubilty, 2.Cardiac output (decrease in cardiac output increase anesthetic carried to the brain) 3. Alveolar ventilation 4. concentration Question: How can you calculate how much oxygen is dissolved in the blood? What laws ?Answer: PO2 x 0.003 = amount of oxygen dissloved into blood. The units are ml O2/100ml of blood. This is Henry's law Question: When the PaO2 is 200 mm/Hg at normal body temperature, how many ml of will in 100 ml of blood plasma?Answer: 0.003 x 200 = .6 ml O2/100 ml . Question: Process by which the molecules of a substance transfer through a layer or area such as the of a solution. Answer: Question: Diffusion is dependent on area and what? Answer: thickkness Question: is proportional to what?Answer: Tension Question: With diffusion smaller molecules diffuse _______ and larger molecules diffuse ________Answer: Faster and Question: If is no tension gradient there is no what?Answer: Question: Rate of diffusion of a substance a unit area is proportional to the concentration gradientAnswer: Fick's Question: Rate of is determined by what propertyAnswer: Solubility of Question: CO2 diffuses rapildly thus it has a ______ equilibration in a short peroid of timeAnswer: Question: Blood transfer from capillaries to in Answer: .75 secs or 750 mili Question: Problem with diffusion results in Answer: Question: Diffusion is inveresly proportional to root of molecular weight is known as? Answer: 's Law Question: Diffusion is to Answer: thickness Question: Diffusion is proportional to the Answer: molecular weight of the diffusing Question: is directly proportional to the Answer: membrane Question: liquids diffuse or slower than gasesAnswer: Slower Question: basic principle of osmosis is one mole of particles of solute in 22.4 liters produces how many Answer: 101.325 kPa or 1 Question: Osmolarity is moles Answer: Question: is moles per Answer: kilogram Question: Oncotic pressure is osmotic pressure to what?Answer: proteins Question: What are the of saline?Answer: Sodium, , calciuum, and lactate chloride Question: total is Answer: 278 mmol per Question: Body is Answer: 300 mmol per Question: act as what Answer: Semipermeable Question: has no what?Answer: Question: Difference in gradient is calledAnswer: pressure Question: Provides flow out of to venules thus providing oxygen and wasing out CO2Answer: Oncotic Question: is caused by lack of Answer: pressure Question: Depression of pressure of a solvent is proportional to the molar concentration of a soluteAnswer: Raoult's Question: Used to measure Answer: 's law Question: What are the four affected by osmolarityAnswer: 1. osmotic pressure, 2. freezing point depression, 3. pressure reduction, 4. boiling point elevation Question: A mixture which vaporizes in the same as its constituent volume proportions is known as Answer: Application of Raoult's Question: Alcohol 96% and water 4% evaporate at the same rate. This is as Answer: Raoult's Question: Energy during stretch of elastic tissues = Answer: 1/2 PV pressure times Question: required for exhaling is Answer: 1/2 Question: Energy required for is Answer: that of exhaling Question: requires how many joules of energyAnswer: 300 Question: During spontaneous breathing how much energy is on heat Answer: 90% thus 10% process Question: Expiration requires how many joules of Answer: 150 Question: One watt Answer: 1 joule per Question: Power can be as Answer: rate of Question: is measured how Answer: Question: work of inspiration = 300 mj resp = 16 how many mW is Answer: 300 x 16 / 60 = 80 Question: Body's normal rate is Answer: 80 watts Question: Pressure is proportional to flow; therefore power is proportional to flow Answer: flow Question: Pressure is proportional to the square of the flow; therefore power is to the third power of the flowAnswer: Flow Question: As frequency increase the velocity in the airway _________Answer: Question: In to hyperventilation, energy requirements increase by what power of the flowAnswer: power Question: During hyperventilation increase in oxygen can not keep up with ______________ requirementsAnswer: Question: As time constant decrease the of ventilation Answer: Increases Question: Work of myocardial contractions how many mj?Answer: 960 mj Question: For the right side of the heart P = 2.4 kPa flow is the same power is to how many watts?Answer: 0.2 Question: Total power of the side of the heart is equal to how many watts Answer: 1.2 Question: Increase in BP and CO does what to the energy requirements of the ? Which leads to whatAnswer: Increase demand and failure Question: Name three govenmental agencies that are involved in the process of monitoring of in the O.R.Answer: JACHO, ASA, agencies Question: Heat is what formAnswer: Question: What does the thermal state of substance ?Answer: whether heat will flow to or from a Question: What is the Si of heat Answer: Question: What are the four principle routes with typical heat losses in ? Answer: 1. Radiation 40% 2. 30% 3. Evaporation 20% 4. Respiration 10% (8% evaporation 2% heating of air) Question: Radiation is on 2 thingsAnswer: Surrounding temperature and Surrounding heat source Question: may account up to what percentage of heat losss?Answer: 50% Question: How does caps minimize heat loss?Answer: By reflecting heat back to Question: This type of heat loss can be minimize by trapping air a blanket, or other object an patientAnswer: Convection Question: Sweating may heat losss by a factor of tenAnswer: Surface Question: Physiologic control of is mediated by what part of the brain?Answer: Hypothalmus Question: Body temperature what degrees can be lethalAnswer: 35 Question: Proteins and enzymes work within a _______ temperature range.Answer: Question: Thermoregulatory may be set too high is known as Answer: Pyrexia Question: Cerbral impairment may occur at what because of a cascade effect?Answer: 42 Question: What are triggering agents of Malignant Hyperthermia?Answer: Succinylcholine and anesthetics Question: The amount of heat that is required to raise the temperature of 1 of a substance by 1 degree kelvinAnswer: Heat Question: SI unit of heat capacityAnswer: J/(kg K) Question: How do you Specific heat capacity? Answer: Specific heat is 3.5 kJ/(kg C)thus a 70kg patient = 3.5 x 70 = 245 kj/C this means that to change the temp of a 70 kg patient would either have to add or remove 245 kJ Question: what is the heat capacity Answer: 3.5 kJ/Kg Question: How long is it to shiver to increase temperature by one degree C (assume a 70 kg pt)Answer: 70 x 3.5 = 245kJ/C patient has 80 watts to begin with when they shiver the heat quadruples to 320. Subtract 80 from 320 = 240, 240 x 60 = or 14.4, 245/14.4 = 17.13 minutes Question: 4.18 J = how many Answer: One Question: 4.8 kJ = how many how many Answer: One kilocalorie = Question: 2 kg of blood given to a patient patient's temp is 36 C what is the body's heat ?Answer: 2kg x 3.6 kJ C kg x (36-5)thus 2x3.6x31)kJ = 223.2 Question: Air is to Answer: 1.01 kJ C Question: How much energy does the body warming cool air at 7 liters per minute from room tempratures at 20 C to 36 C Answer: 7L x 1.2(SH of air) x 14 (difference in )/60 thus 7 x 1.2 x 14 = 117.6/60 = 1.96 Question: Change of state without change in temperature is asAnswer: Heat Question: An example of heat is Answer: when a substance change from a to a gas Question: The heat required to convert 1kg of a from one phase to another at a given temperature is known asAnswer: Specific Heat Question: the SI unit of latent heat is Answer: Jkg-1 Question: In regards to heat; as temperature decreases the specific latent heat does whatAnswer: Question: What is Ethyl Chloride used Answer: skin for minor procedures Question: When anesthetics vaporize it drops the pressure of the vapor, which does what to the of inhaled anestheticsAnswer: reduces the Question: As nitrous oxide tanks empty the liquid into what? Answer: a vapor Question: 4.1 bars how much pressureAnswer: Question: If humidity in upper trachea is 34 mg/L and assuming the minute volume is 7L what is the latent heat?Answer: then 0.238 g/min = 7L/min x 34 mg/Lf total latent heat = specific heat of at 37 C x total water =2.42MJ/kg x 0.000238kg/min = 576 J/min = 9.6W Question: What is te heat loss from respirationAnswer: Humified O2 = 9.6 warming O2 = 2 wattstotal energy = 11.6 watts Question: What law explains why gas bubbles distend when N2O is turned on or when N2O is turned off?Answer: law of diffusion Question: What happens when to and PAO2 when the N2O is shut off?Answer: When N2O is shut off, gases in the alveoli are by the in-rushing N2O,so PACO2 and PACO2 decrease Question: The dilutional of anesthesia occurs when which phase of anesthesia is initiated?Answer: The dilutional effect occurs emergence Question: If the patient has a closed pneumothorax and then N2O is turned on with the inspired concentration set at 75%, how long will it take for the of the pneumothorax to double? Answer: minutes Question: If the lipid solubility of an agent is high, then the MAC of the agent Answer: Low Question: Potency of an inhalational is directly related to its?Answer: solubility Question: MAC is related to Answer: Question: If an agent is highly blood soluble, then the :gas coeffecient is Answer: High Question: solubility determines?Answer: speed of of agent y the brain Question: uptake of an inhalational agent is related to cardiac output in what mannerAnswer: inversely related brain uptake is if cardiac output is low Question: which agent causes the greatest change in heart rateAnswer: Question: Which inhalational agent has the kleast effect on arterial pressure?Answer: |
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
boharris6928
Popular Chemistry sets