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8.5A

Structure of Atoms

TermDefinition
Atom smallest particle of an element that maintains the properties of that element
Atomic Mass average mass of one atom of an element (from particles in the nucleus)
Atomic Number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; used to determine an element's position in the Periodic Table
Chemical Property a characteristic of a substance that describes how it combines with other substances to form new ones
Electrical Charge a property of a subatomic particle; positive (protons), negative, (electrons), or neutral (neutrons)
Electron a negatively charged particle in the electron cloud surrounding the atomic nucleus
Electron Charge the negatively charged space containing electrons that surrounds the atomic nucleus
Element a pure substance that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler substances
Groups (families) the vertical columns on the Periodic Table
Neutron a (neutral) particle with no electrical charge within the atomic nucleus
Nucleus the positively charged center of an atom containing the protons and neutrons
Periodic Table a conceptual model in which the elements are organized according to their properties; often displayed as a chart
Periods the horizontal rows on the Periodic Table
Physical Property property of matter that can be observed without changing the composition or identity of the matter
Proton a positively charged particle within the atomic nucleus; used to identify an element
Subatomic Particle a particle smaller than an atom, such as a proton, neutron, or electron
Valence Electron electron(s) located in outer energy level (electron shell)
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