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Structure of Atoms

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Term
Definition
Atom   smallest particle of an element that maintains the properties of that element  
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Atomic Mass   average mass of one atom of an element (from particles in the nucleus)  
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Atomic Number   the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; used to determine an element's position in the Periodic Table  
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Chemical Property   a characteristic of a substance that describes how it combines with other substances to form new ones  
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Electrical Charge   a property of a subatomic particle; positive (protons), negative, (electrons), or neutral (neutrons)  
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Electron   a negatively charged particle in the electron cloud surrounding the atomic nucleus  
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Electron Charge   the negatively charged space containing electrons that surrounds the atomic nucleus  
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Element   певний вид атомів із однаковим зарядом ядра  
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Groups (families)   the vertical columns on the Periodic Table  
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Neutron   a (neutral) particle with no electrical charge within the atomic nucleus  
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Nucleus   the positively charged center of an atom containing the protons and neutrons  
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Periodic Table   a conceptual model in which the elements are organized according to their properties; often displayed as a chart  
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Periods   the horizontal rows on the Periodic Table  
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Physical Property   property of matter that can be observed without changing the composition or identity of the matter  
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Proton   a positively charged particle within the atomic nucleus; used to identify an element  
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Subatomic Particle   a particle smaller than an atom, such as a proton, neutron, or electron  
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Valence Electron   electron(s) located in outer energy level (electron shell)  
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