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If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Question: What is the position of part for the Femur (with the knee included)?Answer: Distal Femur- draw the patient's limb forward, true lateral position, and adjust the position of the Bucky tray so that the IR projects approximately 2 inches beyond the knee to be included. Question: What is the position of part for the Femur (with the hip included)?Answer: For the proximal femur, place the top of the IR at the level of the ASIS. the pelvis so that it is rolled 10 to 15 degrees from the lateral position to prevent superimposition. Question: What is the central ray for the Femur? Answer: Perpendicular to the and the center of the IR Question: What is the shown for the Lateral Femur?Answer: The lateral projection of 3/4ths of the and adjacent joint. If needed, use two IRs for the entire adult femur. Question: What is the criteria for the Lateral Femur?Answer: A 2nd radiograph for the other end of femur is recommended,Any orthopedic,Trabecular detail on the femoral body, With the knee- Superimposed anterior surface of the condyles, Patella in profile, opposite thigh, greater trochanter not prominent. Question: Added evaluation for the Lateral Femur?Answer: Patients with the conditions should be examined in the supine position by placing the IR vertically along the medial or lateral aspect of the and knee and the directing the central ray horizontally. Question: of patient for the AP Femur?Answer: Supine, pelvis is not Question: Position of part for the AP ?Answer: the IR midline, when patient is too tall include the entire femur, include the joint closest to the area of interest. Question: of part for the AP Femur (with hip included)?Answer: Proximal femur-which must include the hip joint, place the top of the IR a the level of the ASIS. Rotate limb internally 10to15 to place the femoral neck in profile. Question: Structures shown and evaluation for the AP femur?Answer: Projection of the femur, the knee joint and/or the hip. Femoral neck not foreshortened on the proximal femur. Question: What is the position of the patient for the Tangential Projection(Settegast )?Answer: Supine or Prone. Use an even, slow to tolerate pain. Place IR transversely under the knee and center to joint space b/t the patella and the femoral condyles. Question: What is the central ray for the Tangential Projection for the ?Answer: to the joint space between the patella and the femoral condyles when joint is perp. The angulation is 15-20degress when space is not perp. Question: What is the evaluation criteria for the Settegast?Answer: Patella in profile, open patellofemoral artic., Surfaces of the condyles, soft tissue, and bony detail of patella and femoral condyles Question: What is the SID for Projection Merchant Method?Answer: 6 feet, to reduce Question: What is the position of part for Tangential Projection (Merchant )?Answer: Adjust the angle of knee flexion to 40 degrees, may varies 30to90 to demonstrate patellofemoral disorders, Place IR perpendicular to the central ray 1 ft to patellae, Question: What is the structure shown for a Tangential projection(Merchant )?Answer: The right angle alignment of the IR and the central ray, the patellae are seen as , albeit slightly magnified images. Question: What is the criteria for the Tangential projection(Merchant Method)?Answer: Patellae in profile, Femoral condyles, and intercondylar sulcus, Open articulations. Question: What projection is the Patella?Answer: Question: What is the postion or patient and part for the Lateral ?Answer: Lateral Remcumbent, Flex affected knee approx. 5-10(Increasing flexion reduces patellofemoral joint; adjust knee in lateral position so epicondyles are superimposed, IR to patella Question: What is the CR for the Patella?Answer: Perpendicular to the IR entering the knee at the joint. Collimate to the patellar area. Question: Criteria for the Lateral Patella?Answer: Knee flexed 5-10, open space, patella in lateral, close collimation Question: What is the IR Size for the PA for the Patella?Answer: 8x10 in Question: What is the position of part for the PA ?Answer: Center the IR to the Patella, the leg to place patella parallel with IR, usually requires that the heel be rotated 5-10 degrees laterally. Question: What is the CR for the PA ?Answer: Perpendicular to the midpopliteral area exiting the Patella, close to the patellar area. Question: What is the shown for the PA Patella?Answer: The PA projection of the patella provides sharper recorded detail than in the AP projection because of the close object to image receptor . Question: What is the of patient in the PA Axial (Camp-Coventry) for the Intercondylar Fossa?Answer: Place the in prone, and do not rotate. Question: of Part for the Camp-Coventry?Answer: Flex the knee to either 40-50 and rest foot on , Center the upper half of the IR to the knee joint the central ray angulation projects the joint to the center of the IR. Adjust leg so knee has no medial or lateral rotation. Question: CR for the Camp-Conventry?Answer: Perpendicular to the long axis of the lower leg and centered to the knee . Angled 40 degrees when the knee is flexed 40 degrees and 50 degrees when the knee is flexed 50 degrees. Question: Structures for the Camp-Coventry?Answer: image shows unobstructed projection of the intercondyloid fossa and the medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles of the intercondylar eminence. Question: What are the four of the lower limb?Answer: 1. Hip2. Leg3. . Hip Question: How many are in the foot?Answer: 26 Bones Total14 Phalanges5 Metatarsals7 Question: What are the Forefoot, Midfoot, and Hindfoot and what do they ?Answer: Forefoot- The metatarsals and - Five tarsals, cuneiforms, navicular, and cuboidHindfoot- Talus and Calcaneus Question: What is the and strongest tarsal bone?Answer: Question: What does the articulates with?Answer: Tibia, Fibula, , and Navicular Question: What does the Trochlear articulate with?Answer: and connects with the foot to the leg. Question: Where is the bone located?Answer: The cuboid bone lies on the lateral side of the foot the calcaneus and the fourth and fifth metatarsals. Question: is the navicular bone located?Answer: The navicular bone lies on the medial side of the foot between the talus and the three . Question: What does the leg ?Answer: Tibia and Question: What is the sharp projection between the two of the the tibal plateaus?Answer: The intercondylar Question: Whar is the distal end of the tibia and its medial is prolonged into a large process? Answer: malleolus Question: What is the apex?Answer: The apex is the lateorposterior aspect of the head that is the projection Question: What is the distal end of the fibula?Answer: malleolus Question: Where does the malleolus lie?Answer: Axially, the lateral lies approximally 15-20 degrees more posterior than the medial malleolus Question: What is the largest, stongest, and most bone in the bodyAnswer: Fibula, anteriorly and slants medially from 5to15 degrees. Question: What is the ?Answer: The patella is the largest and most constant sesamoid bone in the body. That is flat, anterior surface of the femur Question: Where is the apex ?Answer: Directed inferiorly lies 1/2 inch above the knee Question: What are the three positions for the Fossa PA Axial (Holmblad Method)?Answer: 1. Standing w/knee of interest in flexed & resting on a stool at the side of the table 2. Standing at side of table w/affected knee flexed & placed in contact w/IR. 3. Kneeling on table w/affected knee over IR. (Patient leans over for support) Question: What is the position of part for the Intercondylar PA Axial (Holmblad Method)?Answer: Flex knee 70 from full (20 difference from the CR) Question: What is the of part for the AP Oblique Knee (Medial)?Answer: Medially the limb, ate elevate the hip of the affected side enough to rotate the limb 45. Question: What is the Central Ray for AP Oblique Knee both and Medial Rotation? Answer: Directed 1/2 inferior to patellar apex. The angle is variable, depending on measurement the ASIS & table:<19cm = 3-5 degrees caudad19-24cm = 0 degrees>24cm= 3-5 degrees cephalad Question: What is the of part for the AP Oblique Knee Lateral?Answer: If necessary, elevate the hip of the unaffected side enough to rotate the affected limb. Center IR 1/2 below the apex of the patella. Externally the limb 45 degrees Question: What is the Ray for the AP Weight Bearing Knees?Answer: Ask the patient to stand straight w/knees fully extended. Center the IR 1/2 below the apices of the . Question: What is the position of part for the Knee ?Answer: A flexion of 20-30 is usually preferred bc this position relaxes the muscles & shows the max. volume of the joint cavity. To fragment separation in new or unhealed patellar fractures, the knee should not be flexed more than 10. Question: What is the Central Ray for the Knee ?Answer: Directed to the knee joint 1in distal to the medial epicondyles at an of 5-7 cephalad. Question: What is the Ray for the PA Knee?Answer: Directed at an angle of 5-7 caudad to exit a point 1/2 inferior to the patellar apex. B/C the tib/fib are slightly inclined, the CR will be w/the tibial plateau Question: What is the position of part for the AP Leg?Answer: Rotate the limb 45 degress medially or laterally. For the medial ensure that the leg is turned inward and not just the foot. Question: What is the of part for the Lateral Leg?Answer: Adjust rotation of the body to place the patella perpendicular to IR and ensure that a line drawn thru the femoral condyles are perpendicular. ALT: When pt be turned from supine position, the lateral projection may be taken cross-table. Question: What is the position of part for the AP Oblique?Answer: Place plantar of foot in vertical position & laterally rotate leg and foot 45 degrees. Question: What is the position of part for the Ankle Mortise Joint (AP )?Answer: Grasp diatal femur area w/one hand and foot w/the . Assist pt by internally rotating the entire leg and foot together 15-20 degrees until the intermalleolar plane is parallel w/IR. |
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