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If your not sure what answer should be entered, press the space bar and the next missing letter will be displayed. When you are all done, you should look back over all your answers and review the ones in red. These ones in red are the ones which you needed help on. Term: Election of 1860Description: A realigning between Lincoln, Davis, Bell, and BreckenridgeSignificance: The United States had been divided through most of the 1850’s on the issue of . Term: Crittenden CompromiseDescription: Series of compromises in 1860-61 intended to forestall the Civil War.Significance: Senator John J. Crittenden proposed constitutional amendments that would reenact provisions of the Compromise. Term: Abraham Description: 16th president of the U.S.Significance: To unite the North and influence foreign opinion, he the Emancipation Proclamation. Term: Fort Description: On March 5, 1861, the day after his inauguration as president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln received a message from the commander of the U.S. troops holding Fort Sumter.Significance: On April 12, 1861, the Confederate Army began bombarding the fort, which surrendered on April 14, 1861. Congress declared war on the the next day. Term: ConfederacyDescription: 11 Southern States that seceded from the in 1860-61 until its defeat in the American Civil War in 1865.Significance: The surrender at Appomattox Court House by General Robert E. Lee in 1865 precipitated its . Term: UnionDescription: The Union was a name used by many to refer to the Northern states during the American War.Significance: It was used to refer to the soldiers and residents of the U.S. including the Midwest, Mid-Atlantic, and New England states. Term: Robert E. Description: U.S. and Confederate military leader.Significance: He became commander of Virginia’s in the American Civil War and adviser to Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy. Term: Ulysses S. Description: U.S. General and 18th president of the U.S.Significance: He served in the Mexican War under Zachary Taylor and was Union general during the War. Term: Bull Description: Two engagements of the American Civil War fought at a near Manassas.Significance: The first battle fought between Union and Confederate troops. Term: C. QuantrillDescription: Pro-Confederate guerrilla fighter during the American Civil WarSignificance: His actions, particularly a raid on Lawrence, Kansas, remain controversial to this day. Term: ShilohDescription: major engagement of the American Civil War.Significance: Both sides victory, but the battle was considered a Confederate defeat. Term: George B. McClellanDescription: U.S. Army general for the Union during the WarSignificance: At the Battle of Antietam he failed to destroy Robert E. army, and Lincoln removed him from command. Term: Second Bull Description: A during the American Civil War.Significance: Lee seized the moment to attack the individual armies before they converged to beat an unbeatable force. Term: Description: and bloody battle of the American Civil War.Significance: Following victory in the Second Battle of Bull Run, General Robert E. Lee moved his troops into Maryland with an eye to capturing Washington D.C. Term: FredericksburgDescription: Engagement of the American Civil War fought at Fredericksburg .Significance: Burnside was relieved of his command, and the victory restored Confederate morale lost after the in the Battle of Antietam. Term: Emancipation ProclamationDescription: Document that was issued by U.S. Abraham Lincoln that freed the slaves of the Confederacy.Significance: The edict had no power in the confederacy but it provided moral inspiration for the North and discouraged countries from supporting the south. Term: AmendmentDescription: Amendment of the that freed the slaves.Significance: Slavery in America was abolished in 1865. Term: Clara BartonDescription: She established an to obtain and distribute supplies to wounded soldiers.Significance: the American Red Cross in 1881. An "angel" in the Civil War, she treated the wounded in the field. Term: Jefferson Description: The only president of the confederacy was a decorated war veteran and politician.Significance: Stephens was his vice president. Term: Description: Battle in Virginia that resulted in a Confederate .Significance: Stonewall Jackson was mortally wounded by friendly fire. Term: VicksburgDescription: General Ulysses S. Grant’s armies converged on Vicksburg.Significance: Besieged by Grant and surrendered after six months; victory. Term: GettysburgDescription: General Robert E. Lee concentrated his full strength against General George G. Meade’s army of the Potomac.Significance: Union victory; Considered one of the turning of the war. Term: ChattanoogaDescription: General Bragg’s army laid siege to the Union army under General William Rosecrans.Significance: Union . Term: Army of the Description: Main eastern Union army, commanded by a series of commanders.Significance: The army of the was still active on the Peninsula. Term: Cold HarborDescription: Sheridan’s cavalry seized the crossroads of Old Cold Harbor.Significance: Confederate . Term: Sherman’s March to the Description: General Grant arranged two campaigns for the year 1864.Significance: General Sherman was promoted major general of the States Army, and he destroyed large areas of the South. Term: AppomattoxDescription: Site where Lee surrendered to .Significance: won the war. Term: TariffDescription: The Morrill Tariff of 1861 was a major protectionist bill instituted in the United States.Significance: The tax is significant for severely altering American commercial policy after a period of relative free trade to several decades of heavy protection. Term: Freedman’s BureauDescription: Agency set up to aid slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom.Significance: It furnished food and to needy blacks and helped them get jobs. Term: Proclamation of and ReconstructionDescription: Lincoln issued a Proclamation of and Reconstruction for those areas of the Confederacy occupied by Union armies.Significance: Lincoln’s plan aroused the sharp opposition of the radicals in Congress, who believed it would simply restore to power the old planter aristocracy. Term: ReconstructionDescription: Reconstruction was the effort of rebuilding the South.Significance: Congress proposed the Thirteenth Amendment, which sought to slavery. Term: RepublicansDescription: They were committed to the emancipation of slaves and the equal treatment and enfranchisement of blacks.Significance: Believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was too compassionate towards the South. Term: John Wilkes BoothDescription: U.S. actor and assassin of Abraham Lincoln.Significance: shot at Ford's Theatre and cried, "Sic Semper Tyrannis!" ("Thus always to tyrants!") Term: JohnsonDescription: 17th president of the U.S.Significance: He served in the House of and as governor of Tennessee. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. Term: Codes’Description: Laws enacted in the former Confederate states after the American Civil War to place restrictions on the of former slaves.Significance: Many provisions of the black codes were reenacted in the Jim Crow laws and remained in force until the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Term: Civil ActDescription: Comprehensive U.S. law intended to end discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin.Significance: 1866 - Prohibited abridgement of rights of or any other citizens. Term: AmendmentDescription: It placed an important federal on the states by forbidding them to deny to any person “life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.”Significance: 1866, ratified 1868. It fixed provision of the Civil Rights Bill: full citizenship to all native-born or naturalized Americans, including former slaves and immigrants. Term: ImpeachmentDescription: To charges against a public official.Significance: Johnson was impeached, but was saved from being taken out of by one vote. Term: Congressional ReconstructionDescription: Congress’ passage of the 14th Amendment, 1866-1867 Congress’ efforts to stiffen the of Reconstruction through Military Reconstruction Act of 1867.Significance: establishes terms that will but not prevent return of white rule in the South. Term: Military Reconstruction Description: 1867 - Pushed through congress over Johnson's veto, it gave radical Republicans complete military control over the SouthSignificance: divided the South into five military zones, each headed by a general with absolute over his district. Term: Command of the Army Description: instructed the President to issue orders only through the General of the Army, then Ulysses S. GrantSignificance: Congress moved to limit Johnson's powers as in several ways. Term: Tenure of Office ActDescription: 1866 - Enacted by radical Congress, it forbade the president from removing civil without consent of the SenateSignificance: It was to prevent Johnson from removing radicals from office. Johnson broke this law when he fired a radical Republican from his cabinet, and he was impeached for this "crime". Term: SharecroppersDescription: Landowners divided their land and gave each worker (either freed African American or poor white) a few acres along with seeds and tools.Significance: Croppers who saved a little and their own tools could drive a better bargain with landowners. Term: Description: A derogatory term applied to who migrated south during the Reconstruction to take advantage of opportunities to advance their own fortunesSignificance: Bought up land from desperate Southerners and manipulated new black voters to obtain lucrative government contracts. Term: ScalawagsDescription: White who joined the Republican Party.Significance: Hoped to gain political with the help of African American votes. Term: Ku Klux KlanDescription: During the of congressional Reconstruction some white Southerners formed vigilante groups, which whipped, tortured, and murdered former slaves in attempt to restore white supremacy.Significance: Destroyed the Reconstruction governments to aid the planter class in African-American laborers, and to prevent African American from exercising their political rights. Term: ActsDescription: Congress passed the Enforcement Act in 1870-1871. It gave the president the power to use federal troops in areas when the Klan was active.Significance: The Klan’s active decreased but individuals acts of violence blacks and white republican continued. Term: of 1868Description: Republican Grant defeated Democratic Seymour.Significance: With freed blacks voting in much of the South (with the help of Union soldiers), and with massive popularity in the North as the man who won the Civil War, won an impressive victory Term: Gould and FiskDescription: Stock Significance: They made selling gold and were part of a scandal that rocked Grant’s presidency. Term: Black FridayDescription: September 24, 1869 - Financial in the United States caused by Fisk and Gould’s efforts to corner the gold market.Significance: It showed that Grant acted and indiscreetly. Term: edit Description: A construction company had skimmed off outrageously large profits from a government railroad contract.Significance: This precipitated the biggest bribery scandal in U.S. history, and led to greater awareness of government corruption. Term: Whiskey Description: Internal collectors and other officials accepted bribes from Whiskey distillers who wanted to avoid paying taxes on their product.Significance: Evidence of widespread dishonesty mounted and many grew disgusted with the blatant corruption on the Grant administration. Term: of 1872Description: The candidates consisted of Grant and Greely from the Liberal Republican party ran for president.Significance: Grant won the election by a lot Greely died the election before the electoral college made the defeat official. Term: Panic of Description: Unrestrained speculation on the railroads let to disaster - inflation and strikes by railroad workersSignificance: 18,000 businesses failed and 3 million were out of work. Federal troops were called in to end the strike Term: Compromise of 1877Description: A compromise that kept the peace the Republicans and Democrats.Significance: Satisfied many and Democrats in counting the electoral votes. Term: Samuel J.TildenDescription: Governor of New York, that helped up the that had flourished in New York.Significance: A man that was one short of the number of electoral needed to win. Term: Election of Description: A election that took place because of one short number of electoral votes.Significance: A joint session of congress met to witness the counting of votes which didn't settle the dispute. Term: Rutherford B. Description: A stodgy governor of Ohio.Significance: The Southern democrats got something with Hayes such as, withdrawal of federal troops, appoint a conservative Southern to the Cabinet. Term: New Description: The of Southern Democrats disillusioned with their party.Significance: The president and his fellow Republicans hoped not only to keep the White House but also to recapture majority in Congress. Term: Redeemers (Bourbons)Description: A planter-merchant that dominated southern politics.Significance: Came to the leaders of the Democratic party, whether they were real reactionaries or, more commonly, champions of an industrial New South. Term: Jim Crow Description: The privileges taken away from African Americans.Significance: To separate white and black people in public and private . Term: Poll Description: An annual tax that had to be paid to gain access to voting booth.Significance: If the tax wasn't paid and white sharecropper couldn't vote. Term: Literacy TestsDescription: A test that was required prospective voters be literate.Significance: Administered this test to African Americans, would often ask difficult questions, or foreign language to make them fail so they would be able to vote. Term: ClauseDescription: A clause stated that even if a man failed the literacy test, and couldn't afford poll taxes he would vote if his father, or grandfather had be eligible to vote before Jan 1, 1867.Significance: It gave men a to vote if failing the test or couldn't afford poll taxes. Term: SegregationDescription: he physical separation of and whitesSignificance: mostly in the South, in public facilities, transportation, schools, etc. Term: Plessy v. FergusonDescription: Plessy was a black man who had been instructed by the NAACP to refuse to ride in the train car for blacks. The NAACP hoped to force a court decision on segregation.Significance: The Supreme Court ruled against Plessy and the NAACP, saying that segregated facilities for whites and blacks were as long as the facilities were of equal quality. Term: Booker T. Description: Booker Taliaferro was born a slave on a small farm in Franklin County, Virginia. His father, a white man, was absent from his life. Booker later took a name from his stepfather, Washington Ferguson.Significance: blacks to better themselves through education and economic advancement, rather than by trying to attain equal rights Term: W.E.B. Description: DuBois became an excellent student and he was hired as the local correspondent for the New York Globe.Significance: editorials and lectures, he emphasized the need for black people to be politically recognized. Term: SoldiersDescription: Members of those units and two all-black regiments, the 24th and 25th, came to be called Buffalo Soldiers.Significance: Native Americans named them Buffalo soldiers because their hair resembled buffalo hair Term: Sand Creek Description: An incident in the Indian Wars of the United States.Significance: The attack was initially reported in the press as a victory against a bravely-fought opponent. Within weeks, however, a controversy was raised about a possible massacre. Term: George A. CusterDescription: An army officer who won notoriety as an Indian in the West. On June 25.Significance: He is best remembered for his defeat and at the Battle of the Little Bighorn against a coalition of Native American tribes led by Crazy Horse. Term: Battle of BighornDescription: A battle in Montana near the Little Bighorn River between United States Cavalry and a combined force of Native Americans.Significance: The battle was the most famous incident in the Indian Wars and was a remarkable victory for the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne. A U.S. cavalry detachment commanded by Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer was to the last man. Term: JosephDescription: Chief Joseph, a dignified, well-spoken man, was selected to meet and discuss the demand with one-armed Civil War veteran Brigadier General.Significance: Led the Nez Perce during the hostilities between the tribe and the U.S. Army in . His speech "I Will Fight No More Forever" mourned the young Indian men killed in the fighting. Term: Description: Geronimo was chief of the southern Chiricahua tribe of Apache Significance: Geronimo fought against ever-increasing numbers of both Mexican and United States troops and became famous for his daring exploits and numerous escapes from capture Term: Wounded Description: The Seventh Cavalry that 30 Native Americans including children.Significance: Brought the Indians wars and an entire era a bitter end. Term: DanceDescription: A millennialist spiritual movement among Native Americans in the United States that began toward the end of 1888 and reached its peak just before the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890Significance: The Ghost Dance movements spread rapidly the 25,000 Sioux on the Dakota reservation. Term: Sitting BullDescription: : Known as Hunkesni or slow, the name Tatanka Yotanka, after a fight with the Crow Indians.Significance: He led his by the strength of his character and purpose. Term: Dawes Severalty ActDescription: the president of the U.S. to survey Indian tribal land and divide the area into allotments for the individual Indians.Significance: 60 acres of treaty land were opened to settlement by non-Indians. Term: PlainsDescription: A large expanse of prairie which east of the Rocky Mountains.Significance: After the near-extinction of the buffalo and the removal of the Native Americans to Indian reservations, the Great Plains were devoted to ranching and were open range, that is, anyone was theoretically free to run cattle. Term: Range Description: Ranchers and farmers clashed together over land and water rights.Significance: cutting became popular for farmers to gain access to pasturelands. Term: Wild Bill HickockDescription: Hickock was born in Troy , Illinois on May 27, 1837. He was a famous lethal gun welder.Significance: He participated in many that made him legendary. Term: Frederick Jackson TurnerFrederick Jackson TurnerDescription: American historian. He is best remembered for his “Frontier , published on July 12, 1893.Significance: His later mentioned work won the Pulitzer in history in 1933. Term: Description: Firms or corporations that combine for the purpose of reducing competition and prices (establishing a monopoly).Significance: There are anti-trust laws to prevent these monopolies Term: Second RevolutionDescription: 1871-1914 in mass society.Significance: It encouraged important developments within the chemical, electrical, petroleum, and steel industries. Term: Transcontinental Description: May 10, 1869 the Union Pacific tracks joined those of the Central Railroad.Significance: Served as an effective means of transportation and is the greatest historical event on transportation. Term: Pacific Railways Description: Acts passed by the U.S. Congress in 1862 and 1864.Significance: Gave land grants in the western U.S. to the Union Pacific Railroad and Central Railroad. Term: Cornelius Description: American entrepreneur who built wealth in shipping and is the founder of the renowned Vanderbilt familySignificance: His built the flock of Vanderbilt houses that characterize America's Gilded Age. Term: Alexander BellDescription: Scientist, inventor and the founder of the Bell telephone .Significance: He provided invaluable contributions in the area of hydrofoils, the Bel and decibel are named after him. Term: Thomas Description: Well-known inventor and . He held a record of 1,093 patents, making him the most prolific inventor of his timeSignificance: : He produced very important inventions. The most significant of these was creation of the electric incandescent lamp. Term: John D. Description: An American capitalist known for his role in the early petroleum industry.Significance: Using his business tactics, he guided Standard Oil to be the largest oil refining business in the world and gaining an immense fortune. Term: CarnegieDescription: A Scottish-American businessman and .Significance: He controlled the most extensive and complete system of iron and steel industries single-handedly. Term: J.P. Description: American financier and banker. Received his education at the English High in Boston and the University of GottingenSignificance: He led J.P. Morgan & Co. to become one of the most powerful banks in the world Term: . Sears, Roebuck and Description: Founded in , Illinois as a catalog merchandiser.Significance: Provided an order service that offered lower prices for supplies Term: Molly MaguiresDescription: Society of miners who struggled against Brutal working conditions in Pennsylvania coal mines.Significance: 20 of the group were hanged after being convicted in part of the murders of 24 mine managers. Term: Great Railroad Strike of Description: Began on July 17 in Martinsburg, West VA, after Baltimore & Ohio Railroad had cut wages for the second time in one year.Significance: Required the aid of troops, which had last been used in 1830 for strikebreaking, and ended with the deaths and injuries of people within the vicinity of the strike. Term: "Sand Lot" Description: After the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, at San Francisco's "Sand Lot", a meeting was held to sympathy for the strikers.Significance: Several days afterwards, sporadic anti-Chinese riots led to a mob attack directly on Chinatown. Term: Labor UnionDescription: The first national labor federation in the U.S. It was founded in 1866.Significance: It lasted 6 years and boasted 600,000 . It served as a pathway for other organizations such as The Knights of Labor. Term: of LaborDescription: in 1869 and spread rapidly during the years of depression after 1873. Its preamble and platform endorsed producers' and consumers' cooperatives.Significance: In 1884, a successful strike was made against wage cuts in the Union Pacific. Term: Description: They believed that government was an device used by the rich to exploit the working poor.Significance: Anarchism was imbedded in leaders, and seven of them died during May 3, 1886, in Chicago's International Harvester plant. Term: Haymarket AffairDescription: Occurred on May 3, 1886, in Chicago’s International Harvester plant. It was a clash between strikers and , and one striker was previously killed.Significance: Seven of the anarchist leaders were sentenced to death, despite the claims that they were not responsible for the bomb. Indirectly led to the of the Knights of Labor. Term: American Federation of LaborDescription: One of the first federations of unions in the United States. It was founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers.Significance: In 1905, the Industrial Workers of the world was created as an alternative to the AFL. In 1920, it reached a peak of 4 members. Term: Samuel GompersDescription: Was an labor union leader and an effective figure in the American labor movement.Significance: Served as the AFL president until his death in1924. He worked to spread unionism. He inspired the use of boycotting and strikes instead of political intervention. His insistence against political affiliation led to the formation of the IWW. Term: Homestead Strike of 1892Description: Carnegie was well aware of the use of labor-saving devices and an attempt to smash the union of The Association of Iron and Steel Workers.Significance: On July 6, 1892, the Pinkertons floated up the Monongahela River on barges, opened fire. They were previously hired as union busters; the Homestead Works faced the deaths of nine workers and seven Pinkertons. Term: Strike of 1894Description: It grew out of dispute of the town of Pullman, Illinois, which housed workers of Pullman Palace Car Company in neat homes with neat streets. The Strike began on May 11, 1894 of the delusive nature of this area.Significance: It impacted 27 states and territories greatly. The strike ended on July 13 due to Union retreat, and Eugene V. Debs was sentenced to six months in jail. Term: V. DebsDescription: An American labor and political leader. He was a five-time socialist candidate for the President of the United States.Significance: He made an anti-war speech in Canton, Ohio on June 16, 1918. He was arrested under the Espionage Act of 1917 and sentenced to ten years in prison along with the loss of his citizenship. He received 913,664 votes while serving his prison term. Term: Glover ClevelandDescription: Served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States. He is the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms. At 44, he into politicsSignificance: He was the only democrat elected to the in the era of Republican political domination between the Civil War and Wilson’s election in 1912. Term: Description: V. Debs formed a coalition that embraced viewpoints from moderate reform to doctrinaire Marxism. It became successful, and by 1912 the Socialist Party seemed well on the way to becoming a permanent part of American politics.Significance: : The party reached its largest success in1912. During WWI , it was speckled with disagreements about the war, and it quickly declined. The Great Depression interrupted the decline. Term: Workers of the WorldDescription: Dubbed the Wobblies, this served to revive industrial unionism. The foundation was the Western Federation of Miners. It witnessed a deal of internal disputes.Significance: Despite its attempts at an tried idea, it died at the brink of WWI. They were branded as anarchists, bums, and criminals. They left behind a rich folklore of the nomadic working folk and heroic agitators. Term: TenementsDescription: The rise in housing and urbanization of AmericaSignificance: rise of metropolitan America an array of social problems. Term: IslandDescription: The joint of NJ and NY is located in New York Harbor at the mouth of the Hudson River. At one point in time, it was the centralized location for immigration acceptanceSignificance: A number of immigrants were ordered to return to their countries due to chronic illnesses, but the majority was allowed to enter America Term: Chinese ExclusionDescription: The Chinese Exclusion Act was an immigration policy in May, 1882. It initially kept Chinese laborers form immigrating to the United States.Significance: This recognized as one of the major defining events of American history that rejected a racial group form entering the U.S. It was repealed in 1943 Term: William “Buffalo CodyDescription: He obtained his nickname for Kansas Pacific Railroad workers with buffalo meat. He worked as a trapper, fifty-niner, pony express rider, Civil War soldier, and performed additional professions.Significance: He toured the United States after his frontiersman days. He became interested in the show business. He founded the Buffalo Bill Wild West show, observed the exploitation of western America, and he established a circus. Term: VaudevilleDescription: A variety-theatre commonly to as “People’s Theatre”. It flourished in America form the 1880s to the 1920s.Significance: It served as a popular form of entertainment for the period listed above. Unfortunately, it began phasing out and has all but form the stage as of today. Term: BaseballDescription: It is believed to have descended from crick rounders, and town ball. The first list of rules was created in 1845 and the professional league began in Significance: : It became so popular that it became a way of life for some people. Two major leagues began playing a World Series in 1903. has now spread outside of the United States and it is a common competitive sport in other countries. Term: BicyclesDescription: The earliest forebears of the bicycles were known as velocipedes. The first practical bike was created in 1816 as a machine to collect taxes from tenants. It was further improved in the 1850s and 1860s by Frenchman Ernest Michaus and his pupil, PierreSignificance: The frame went through countless evolutions, but the bike has come a long way. It is now categorized in many areas and is a form of transportation. Term: DarwinDescription: An English naturalist whose theory for the foundation of humankind laid the path for evolution. He proposed selectionSignificance: His book, The Origin of Species, portrayed the ideas of natural selection. He made a gallant endeavor on the HMS Beagle to observe the world. His findings in the Galapagos Islands influenced his theory the most. Term: Herbert SpencerDescription: An English philosopher. He became an innovative and thoughtful .Significance: He proposed a radical classical liberal philosophy in The Man versus the . He portrayed ideas that were based on evolution. Term: DarwinismDescription: Applied Darwin’s theory of natural selection and “survival of the fittest” to human society—the poor are poor because they are not as fit to survive.Significance: Used as an argument against social to help the poor. Term: Reform DarwinismDescription: After 1890, social reformers used Darwinism to advocate a stronger role for government and the of various policiesSignificance: They proposed to control human by passing laws that forbid marriage between races or that restrict breeding for various social “misfits” such as criminals or the mentally ill. Term: PragmatismDescription: A philosophy, which focuses only one the outcomes and effects of processes and situations.Significance: The inventive experimental focusing on tangible results. Term: John Description: American philosopher and educator, he led the movement called Pragmatism. Influenced by evolution, he believed that only reason and knowledge could be used to solve problems.Significance: Wanted educational reforms Term: ClemensDescription: All- time great American author. AKA: Mark Significance: Wrote the Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and Huckleberry Finn (1885) Term: RealismDescription: A movementSignificance: realism came after the civil war and took the place of Romanticism Term: Description: Portraying life in a scientifically mannerSignificance: Influenced by evolutionary theory, and saw human beings as creatures constrained by heredity and environment, rather than as beings with free will Term: Social CriticismDescription: Naturalists who intense average on human miserySignificance: Wanted basic for everybody Term: Jane Description: Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working claimsSignificance: In 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the U.S. to assist the poor, juvenile delinquency, and help immigrants learn to speak English. Term: Hull HouseDescription: One of Hundreds of settlement houses that operated by the early century.Significance: to help new Term: Elizabeth Cady Description: A suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convection on women’s rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments, this declared men and woman to be equal and demanded the right to vote for woman.Significance: Co-founded the Women’s Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869. Term: National American Woman Suffrage AssociationDescription: Promoted a woman’s suffrage amendment to the Significance: Try to make both have the same rights Term: AgeDescription: A greatly expanding economy and the emergence of influences in government and society.Significance: The great industrial success of the U.S. and the fabulous lifestyles of the wealthy hid the many social problems of the time, including a high poverty rate, a high crime rate, and corruption in the government. Term: City Description: Union took an active role campaign funds and votesSignificance: Blacks had traditionally been Republican but ¾ had shifted to the Democratic Party. Roosevelt still received strong support from ethnic whites in big cities and Midwestern farmers Term: Description: A business out another businessSignificance: They did not have any competition Term: Munn v. Description: against railroad companiesSignificance: Railroad companies were successful and continued doing what they are doing. Term: HayesDescription: The president of the United StatesSignificance: Was in favor of half breeds (Irish, Chinese) Term: StalwartsDescription: Republicans fighting for civil service reform during Garfield’s termSignificance: They Cleveland. Term: Election of Description: James Garfield, Winfred Hancock, and James Weaver all ran against each Significance: James Garfield won Term: GarfieldDescription: Was the 20th Significance: Was assassinated by Charles Guiteau Term: GuiteauDescription: Was an American with a history of mental illnessSignificance: Assassinated President James Garfield on July 2, 1881 Term: Chester Description: Vice president to James Garfield and became 21st presidentSignificance: the Washington memorial on 2-21-1885 Term: Pendleton Service ActDescription: the federal regulatory commissionSignificance: Office holders would be assessed on a merit basis to be sure they were fit for duty. Brought about by the assassination of Garfield by an immigrant who was angry about being unable to get a government job. Term: of 1884Description: - Cleveland – 219 electoral: 4,911,017 popular. Blaine – 182 electoral: 4,848,334 popular. Butler -175,370 popular. St. John 150,369 popular.Significance: Cleveland was the first Democrat to be president since Buchanan. He benefited from the split in the Republican Party. Term: G. BlaineDescription: Was the Secretary of State to James Garfield.Significance: was rewarded by Grover Cleveland for his Term: MugwumpsDescription: Republicans who changed their vote during the 1884 from Blaine to Cleveland.Significance: Mugwump is the Algonquin Indian word for “chief” and was used in a N.Y. Sun to criticize the arrogance of the renegade Republicans Term: Grover ClevelandDescription: 22nd & 24th Significance: only to serve two non-consecutive terms Term: Interstate Commerce Description: A five-member that monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states.Significance: designed to address issues of the railroads. Term: Election of Description: Republican- Harrison- 233 ; 5,444,337 popular.Significance: Harrison said he would protect American industry with a high tariff. Issues were civil service reform and tariffs. Term: Benjamin Description: 23rd Significance: only president to have a grandson as another president Term: Sherman Antitrust ActDescription: A federal law that committed the American government to monopoliesSignificance: It prohibits , combinations, and conspiracies in restraint of trade. Term: GrangeDescription: Played important acts by demonstrating farmers were capable of organizing.Significance: devoted to education events and social Term: Farmers’ Description: Created by the falling prices, and climbing interestsSignificance: Proved to be incapable of confronting the farm over issues Term: Charles W. MacuneDescription: President of the alliance in 1887.Significance: to exert pressure on congress to assist southern farmers Term: PartyDescription: named the People’s Party, but commonly known as the Populist Party, it was founded in 1891 in Cincinnati, Ohio.Significance: wrote a platform for the 1892 election in which they called for free coinage of silver and paper money; income tax; direct election of senators; regulation of railroads; and other government reforms to help farmers. Term: Depression of 1893Description: profits ; businesses went bankrupt and slid into debtSignificance: Caused loss of business confidence. 20% of the workforce unemployed. Led to the Pullman . Term: SilveritesDescription: Ones who wanted silver during the election of 1896Significance: wanted to keep gold over 100 billion Term: GoldbugsDescription: Ones who wanted gold of switching to silverSignificance: wanted gold on dollar bills instead of green |
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