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Virology Exam 3 P2
Canine Parvo, Corona, Herpes, Rotavirus
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the dog, how many genetically distinct Parvorviruses are there? what are they? | 2: CPV-2 which is a paravovirus and CPV-1 (Bocavirus) |
| Which subtype is the major cuase of viral diarrhea in the dog? | CPV-2 |
| Which is the most common variant of CPV-2? | CPV-2b is most common, but CPV-2c is also in the USA |
| CPV-2 arose from a mutation in which feline virus? | feline panleukopneia virus |
| What is the common name for CPV-1? | Minute virus of canines (Bocavirus), not a significant pathogen, cuases mild diarrhea |
| T/F all Canidae are susceptible to CPV-2 (including dogs,foxes, coyotes, wolves)? | True |
| T/F most adult dogs that get infected with CPV-2 will have severe hemmorrhagic diarrhea? | False-they normallly get subclinical dz but can still shed the virus |
| Severe clinical CPV2 dz is MC in what age range? | 6wks-4months (when maternal antibody is declining) |
| T/F CPV2 is highly contagious and very stable in the environment? | True |
| How are most infections of CPV2 transmitted? | contact with contaminated feces in the environment |
| T/F people, instruments, insects and rodents can transmit parvo? | true |
| How long can parvo survive on surfaces and in the soil? | 5 months on surfaces, 1 year in the soil |
| T/F: When clinical disease occurs, it is most severe in young, rapidly growing puppies that harbor intestinal helminths, protozoa and enteric pathogenic bacteria | true |
| Once CPV2 enters a cell its DNA is transported to the _______. It then has to wait for the cell to enter ________ before it can begin replication. It is released from the cell through ________ | nucleus, S-phase, lysis |
| T/F the amount of cell division occuring in the organs at the time of infection may determine how severe the CPV infection may be. | True-younger puppies have more cells division in their tissues and this increase the amount & type of tissues the virus can use in replication. In older animals a narrower range of tissues are infected. |
| The incubation time of CPV2 is ? | 7-14 days |
| Describe general pathogenesis of CPV2: | feces->replication in lymph tissues, LN, thymus->primary viremia->GIT, Lymph tissues & BM->if animal susceptible disseminates to lung, spleen, lv, kd, heart |
| CPV-2 infects the germinal epithelium of ____ in the Small intesttine. This results in what? | CPV-2 infects crypts and causes villus blunting |
| What lympohoid cells does CPV2 infect? what does it cause? | CPV2 destroys precursor cells of circulateing leukocytes and lymphoid cells->causes leukopenia and lymphopenia |
| How long is CPV2 shed in the feces? | 7-10 days |
| How long after infection does diarrhea develop? | 5-7day |
| T/F viral shedding of CPV2 occurs before the onset of diarrhea/clinical symptoms? | True shedding starts as early as 3 days post infection |
| What are the classic clinical signs for a puppy with CPV2 infection? | 1. 6wks-4months of age 2. fever, vomiting, rapid-onset severe diarrhea (bloody) 3. Leukopenia, lymphopenia |
| How soon can a puppy die after onset of illnes with CPV? | 2 days |
| This symptom of CPV occurs in 3 week old puppies. All pups in the litter are usually infected; they may die after a short period of dyspnea and crying. | Myocarditis- not common but does occur when mom lacks maternal antibody in milk |
| T/F gross lesions are diagnostic for Parvo? | False-need to have microcopic analsysis of crypts and villi |
| What gross lesions would you expect to see for Parvo? | intestinal wall of duodenum and jejunum is segmentally thickened with dark/bloody fluid in lumen |
| what microscopic lesions would be present for CPV2? | necorosis of villi/crypts, peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen |
| what gross lesion will appear with Myocarditis? | pale streaks in heart muscle |
| How do you diagnose CPV2? | clinical signs are suggestive, follow up with fecal ELISA, confirm with PCR on feces |
| T/F dogs that have been given the ML Vaccine for CPV2 will shed the virus in their feces for 5-12 days post vacc | True |
| T/f if a dog survives for 3-4 days post infection with CPV2 it will usually make a good recovery and have rapid, long-term immunity? | True! |
| T/F both IgG and IgA protect the recovered puppy from future bouts of Parvo | False. IgA is not long term so infection can occur, but the IgG prevents systemic spread of the dz |
| How can you get rid of any CPV2 that has contaminated your house or vet clinic? | Use bleach (1:30 diln) and leave it on the surface for at least 10 minutes. |
| What is the MC reason that vaccination of puppies with a CPV vaccine doesn't work? | Maternal antibody interference |
| T/F CPV vaccines prevent agains all strains of CPV? | true |
| T/F CPV are zoonotic? | False |
| Where do coronaviruses replicate? | cytoplasm |
| primary host for canine coronaviral enteritis? | dogs |
| T/F CCV is highly contagious and spreads quickly through groups of dogs | True |
| T/F CCV is a common cause of enteritis and diarrhea in dogs | False-uncommon, more common for puppies in kennels |
| What cells do the CCV attack? | mature absorptive enterocytes lining the tips and sides of the intestinal villi. |
| What are the characteristic clinical signs of a CCV infection? | sudden onset of diarrhea in young puppy, Anorexia and lethargy common, |
| How long will it take a CCV puppy to recover? Mortality? | 8-10 day recovery, mortality low unless there is a coinfection as with E. coli |
| CCV lesions: | villous atrophy, crypt epithelial hyperplasia |
| How do you Dx CCV? | RT-PCR detects viral RNA |
| Prevention/ Control of CCV? | inactivated ML available but not recomended for most dogs b/c infection is so mild |
| Host for Canine herpes virus? | domestic and wild dogs |
| What type of virus is CHV? | alpha-herpes virus that intranuclear inclusion bodies |
| T/F herpes viruses are stable in the environment and are hard to kill with common disinfectants? | False-they are unstable and easily killed by heat and disinfectants |
| Are alpha herpes viruses host specific? | Yes |
| How is canine herpes virus maintained in nature? | by latent infection in the sensory ganglia |
| How is Canine herpes virus transmitted (2)? | 1. direct contact with respiratory or genital tract secretions of infected dogs 2. transplacental transmission from bitch, during contact iwth gential lesions as pass out birth canal |
| Puppies less than ___ weeks of age are most susceptible to Herpres. Why? | 2 wks (but up to 6wks) are susceptible to hepres b/c they can't regulate their body temp well, and core temperature is lower in the range where herpes viruses like to replicate |
| What are the clinical signs of CaHV-1 in puppies? | Following incubation period of 3-8 days, signs last 1 - 2 days and include abdominal pain, anorexia, and dyspnea |
| What are the clinical signs of CaHV-1 in adult dogs? | causes genital disease (vaginal or preputial exudate and focal nodular lesions on the vaginal, penile and prepucial epithelium). Virus may also cause respiratory disease similar to kennel cough |
| Where does the CaHV inital replication occur | nasal mucosa, pharynx and tonsils. viremia and generalized infection of many organs may follow |
| What is the optimal temperature for CaHV? | 33F |
| What would you expect to see in gross pathology of a puppy with CaHV? | multifocal necrosis and hemorrhage in multiple organs including: kidney, liver, lung, adrenal, heart, intestine, spleen. |
| How do you diagnosise CaHV? | 1. gross and microscopic lesions 2. PCR 3. cell culture |
| T/F a vaccine for CaHV is now available? | False |
| T/F C-section will decrease the chance of puppies getting CaHV | True |
| T/F Rotavirus is rarely the cause of diarrhea in puppies less than 12 weeks of age? | True |
| Is there a vaccine for rotavirus? | No |
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rccola19
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