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IP6 Virology E2 P3
Canine Distermper & Infectious Canine Hepatitis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What genus is CDV? | Morbillivirus (enveloped RNA) |
| What type of inclusion bodies does CDV form? | intranuclear and intracytoplasmic |
| What is the principal resovoir host for CDV? | dogs |
| CDV is endemic in what animal | racoon |
| What dogs present most commonly with clinical dz? | seen in 4-6 month old puppies b/c they are exposed to an infected subclinical adult dog when maternal abs are declining |
| How is CDV transmitted? | CDV shed in all secretions/excretions. Direct contact, aerosol or droplet exposure, transplacental infection occurs |
| How long will the dog shed the virus? | 90days |
| Which cells does CDV infect (4)? what does that cause | Thymocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages, DCs-->causes immunosuppression |
| An animal with good CMI+ good humoral immune response will probably have what outcome when infected with CDV? | probably have mild/subclinical infection only. These dogs can neutralize CDV and clear infection before viremia spreads to the CNS |
| What is the outcome for dogs with poor CMI + poor humoral immunity? | get secondary viremia->widespread disemination to epithelial and CNS->full blown dz, shedding of virus in respiratory secretion, feces and urine |
| Systemic infection via CDV is common in what group? | unvaccinated puppies |
| Clinical signs of systemic CDV? | signs include serous-to-mucopurulent conjunctivitis, fever, and respiratory disease. The virus causes interstitial pneumonia which is often followed by secondary bacterial pneumonia. Also, GIT dz (vomiting and diarrhea, and severe inappetance |
| When a dog has a CNS infection with CDV what clinical signs might you see? | "chewing gum fits" (myoclonic contratctions of jaw and facial mm), seizures, ataxia, weakenss, paralysis |
| When there is a skin infection with CDV (rare) you could see? | hyperkeratosis of the nose and footpads (hard pad disease) is rare |
| In this form of CDV, there is a non-inflammatory demyelinating disease or neuronal necrosis that often effects young or immunosuppressed dogs | Acute CDV encephalitis |
| In this form of encephalitis,the host immune response (inflam),not the action of the virus on the oligodendrocyte, is the cause of the demyelinating disease. | Subacute to chronic encephalitis |
| is a chronic, progressive disease of the gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem that is caused by persistent infection of neurons with CDV | Old dog encephalitis |
| Most commonly used test for Dx of CDV (in addtion to signs, history and vaccination status) | PCR is most commonly used test on fresh tissues. Sequencing of PCR products will allow determination of specific strain |
| Prevention/Control: CDV | use of vaccines or natural infection produces long lasting immunity to the virus |
| What types of vaccines should be used in exotic spp to control CDV | recombinant vaccines |
| T/F measles vaccine can be used to vaccinate 6-12 week old puppies for CDV | true |
| T/F CDV is zoonotic? | False |
| how often should you vaccinate for CDV? | every year! |
| There are 2 strains of Canine Adenovirus what do they each cause? | CAV-1->infectious canine hepatitis CAV-2->respiratory dz (implicated in kennel cough) |
| Hosts for CAV? | dogs, coyotes, foxes, Canidae, bears |
| T/F in wild animals infection with CAV is usually asymptomatic | true |
| What does acute infection with cAV cause in dogs? | acute fulminant hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, ocular or respiratory disease, encephalitis, or glomerulonephritis |
| T/F CAV-1 is resistant to environmental inactivation and many disinfectants | True-It can persist for days at room temperature, and for months at temperatures below 4C. |
| How is CAV transmitted? | The virus is transmitted by direct contact with infected body fluids, or by contact with contaminated fomites |
| T/F. . Renal tubular epithelial cells remain persistently infected with virus, resulting in the shedding of virions in the urine for months post-infection | true |
| What is the best type of immune response for clearing CAV? | humoral immune response. Dogs that mount a vigorous antibody response by day 7 post-infection clear the virus and they do not have significant damage to: eyes, liver, kidneys |
| If the dog doesn't develop enouhg ab to prevent dz what happens? | Dogs that develop a high titer of antibody that does not effectively neutralize the virus develop chronic disease -- chronic hepatitis and/or immune complex glomerulonephritis |
| What if the dog can't mount an antibody respnse to CAV? | Dogs that fail to mount an antibody response succumb to acute hepatitis and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). |
| What are the primary target cells for CAV infection? | The primary targets for lethal cell damage are hepatocytes and endothelial cells |
| Ocular lesion seen in animals affected with CAV is called? | blue eye |
| How do you Dx CAV-1? | PCR, IHC, virus isolation |
| Prevention/Control of CAV-1? | Dogs are vaccinated with CAV2 since it is cross protective and does not give a "blue eye" side effect like the CAV1 vaccines. |
| Should all dogs be vaccinated for CAV-1 (infectious canine hepatitis)? | Yes. should be a core vaccine |
Created by:
rccola19
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