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History222 Chap1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Britains Festive Culture | citizens would engage in various games to coincide with large gatherings of ppl either in celebration of religious or pagan holidays or simply celerating everyday life. |
| Royal Sports | sports that the british kings and queens took part in. Included joust, tilt yard, tennis, |
| Folk Games | |
| Pageant of Misrule | Game played when a young bachelor would be elected and would mock married, older and upperclass men. |
| Book of Sports | a declaration of Sports made by King James which declared what sports were acceptable and which ones were not allowed. It also stated when one should and should not play sports. |
| Puritans | Religious group that wanted to be pure in every way. Hated sports |
| Violent games | Games that shed blood and were unlawful.Football, wrestling, May Day, pageant of Misrule. |
| Oliver Cromwell | Wanted to bring pack power to parliament and lessen the power of the Church of England. |
| 4 Folkways | New England, Middle colonies, Backcountry, and Southern |
| Sabbatarian Laws | Banned recreation of any kind buyt also proscribed activities that were deemed acceptable during the rest of the week such as sex, unncessary travelying and any type of frivolity to be had on the sabboth. |
| Lawful Sports | Puritan allowed these on two conditions: 1.) it could haven no association with the British festive culture and 2.) it had to refresh participants so they could perform their wordly duties. |
| Quakers | Religious sect that called themselve Society of Friends. Got their nickname by the shaking that was exhibited when they received was was referred to as the inner light during religious service. |
| Southern (Landed) Gentry | Men who were denied their families land due to primogeniture,who copied the ways of their fathers by building large mansions in Virginia and other Southern Colonies. They were leaders of Southern Colonial culture. |
| Sabbatarian Laws | Banned recreation of any kind buyt also proscribed activities that were deemed acceptable during the rest of the week such as sex, unncessary travelying and any type of frivolity to be had on the sabboth. |
| Lawful Sports | Puritan allowed these on two conditions: 1.) it could haven no association with the British festive culture and 2.) it had to refresh participants so they could perform their wordly duties. |
| Rough and Tumble | Violent or blooy game where gentlemen particpated in a dual that had no rules that left particpants bloodied and quite often maimed or blinded. |
| Quakers | Religious sect that called themselve Society of Friends. Got their nickname by the shaking that was exhibited when they received was was referred to as the inner light during religious service. |
| Kolven | First form of golf |
| Southern (Landed) Gentry | Men who were denied their families land due to primogeniture,who copied the ways of their fathers by building large mansions in Virginia and other Southern Colonies. They were leaders of Southern Colonial culture. |
| Primogeniture | when the first born son inherits the family fortune |
| Tavern Pastimes | cockfighting and horse racing that were organized by or near a place where men went to seek shelter, company, and drink |
| Toli | Stickball that was an early version of Lacrosse. Started by the Choctaw. |
| Rebulicanism | Idea that would give the power to the citizenry and not a hereditary monarchy. |
| Needful Recreation | Sports taht were thought as useful like swimming, ice-skating, hunting and fishing. |
| Rough and Tumble | Violent or blooy game where gentlemen particpated in a dual that had no rules that left particpants bloodied and quite often maimed or blinded. |
| Kolven | First form of golf |
| Primogeniture | when the first born son inherits the family fortune |
| Quarter Horses | Horses that were bred from the large English thoroghbred and the native horses which resulted in a smaller horse with large hindquarters that excelled in sprinting shorter distances |
| Toli | Stickball that was an early version of Lacrosse. Started by the Choctaw. |
| Needful Recreation | Sports taht were thought as useful like swimming, ice-skating, hunting and fishing. |
| Enlightment | New movement that embraced science and reason that departed itself from religion and superstition. Was a good thing for sports. |
| 1st great awakening | Movement by Jon Edward to go "back to the bible" that called for a closer relationship with God. Not a good time for sports. |
| 2nd great awakening | Religious revival movement that happened in the 19th century. |
| 19th Century Change | Opening of the frontier, Urbanization and Industrialization. More immigrants and greater urban areas |
| Middle Class Victorianism | belief that there was commonalidity between middle class and industrilizing world due to the common set of values which included hard work and self restraint in nearly all things |
| Seperate Spheres | Seperated sphere that concluded the male arena was a public sphere and the female to provide a home in the private sphere |
| Rational Recreation | Forms of exercise that was deemed appropriate during the Victorianism which included reading, playing instruments and sports that were noncompetitive. |
| Muscular Christianity | Stressed the balance of physical and spiritual exersice |
| John Cox Stevens | Raced everything from horses, people and steamboats and yachts. |
| Race of the century | Race between the fastest horse in the south, Sir hengry and the fastest horse in the north, Eclipse. North one had an estimated 75,000 people watch the race |
| Walking City | Cities were small and the settled areas were no more the 2 miles away from the center of town. People could walk everywhere. |
| Elysian fields | A park that was created by John Cox Stevens that included playing fields |
| Leonard Jerome | Wall street investor founded the American Jockey Club and build the finest race track in Wechester County. Changed the system of racing to a shorter dash system. |
| Positive Sports Ideology | Good, clean sports could serve as an alternative to those undersirable elements of the city and serve to promote morality, build character, enhance public health and serve as a substitute for the lost world of Small-town America and its values |
| One Old Cat | Fourth stage of development of baseball where there would be a feeder who threw the ball to another base with a hitter standing between them ateempting to hit the pitched ball. |
| Barn Ball | First forms of baseball where one person would throw a ball of the side of a barn or building and catch it. |
| Town ball | The merger of more participants that played one old cat that had four bases with one pitcher and one hitter. |
| Baseball Fraternity | |
| Mills Commission | Decided how baseball started |
| William Hulbert | President of the Chicago White Socks that made rules that there is no drinking on or off the field believed that power should be invested by owners not players. STarted the National League |
| Baseball video-First Inning | |
| Beer and Whiskey League | 6 clubs including cincinnati that joined a club that appealed to lower class and allowed alcohol to be served at games |
| AG Spalding | Sponsered the around the world tournament and also made and distributed baseball sporting goods. |
| Alexander Joy Carwright | Helped establish first rules of baseball and also the first baseball club |
| Knickerbockers | Social club that liked to play baseball that was started by Alexander Cartwright |
| Henry Chadwick | Help spreadthe game of baseball by starting the first baseball column in the NY Clipper and also developed the box score to keep track of players statistics. |
| William Cammeyer | |
| Cap Anson | First basemen for Chicago. He was the symbol of all that was strong and good in baseball. First player to accumulate 3000 hits |
| "King" Kelley | Colorful and most popular player who drank as hard as he played.Played for Chicago. |
| National League | First ever professional baseball organization taht was started by Harry Wright. |
| Cincinnati Red Stockings | The first announced all-paid team that won 57 games |
| Harry Wright | Former professional cricket player who would be the manager-player of the REd Stockings. |
| Reserve Clause | Allowed clubs to reserve the rights of players for their career |
| Players League | Started by John Ward which was owned by Players instead of having owners |
| John Montgomery Ward | Very good baseball player who started the brotherhood of Professional Baseball Players in the first ever sports labor union. He then introduced the Players League. |
| Moses Fleetwood Walker | First black person to play in the national League |
| Caledonian Clubs | establishment by the Scots also known as track and field |
| iC4I | Basically NCAA for college athletes and programs |
| AU | |
| College Crew | Was one of the first ever international college sporting events. Dominated by Yale and HArvard. |
| Playground Movement | The idea that more parks and playgrounds in the cities the less the youth would get into trouble. Started in Chicago |
| YMCA | Youth Men's Christian Association which started to offer spiritual guidance to youth but began to broaden its programs to include more rigorous physical components. |
| Luther Halsey Gulick | Believed that physical activity and sports was not only a good thing for male youth but it was also an instrument in building their character. |
| Public Schools Athletic League | A league that would organize New York City schools to compete against each other in a dozen sports. |
| James Gordon Bennett | Founded the New York Herald and helped publicize track and field clubs |
| Strenuous life | Lack of war which led to feminization of the males in society |
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