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Career Counseling
Career C
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 4 national models for career education | school based (comprehensive), employment based (experienced), home/community based, rural/residental |
| Behavioral/Social Theorists | Krumboltz, Dawis/Lofquist, Schein |
| Cognitive Theorists | Lent, Brown & Hackett, Peterson, Sampson, Reardon, Lenz, Rogers Client Centered |
| Decision Making Theorists | Tiedeman/O Hara, Gelatt, Crites, Gottfredson |
| Developmental Theorists | Super and Ginzberg |
| Psychoanalytical Theory | views work as an unpleasant activity that requires the reality oriented EGO to suppress and control the pleasure oriented ID |
| sublimation | the key to understanding psychologically satisfying career choices, can be a defense mechanism |
| vocational development | the process by which individuals choose a career path or occupation |
| abilities, aptitudes, interests, skills | traits that match these specific requirements and demands (factors of different occupations) |
| What is the key to a successful and satifiying vocational goal? | successful matching of individual traits with JOB FACTORS associated with the TRAIT FACTOR Theory with Frank Parsons |
| Trait Factor Theory | Developed by Frank Parsons |
| ID | operates on the pleasure principal |
| EGO | operates on reality principal |
| Superego | operates on the moral principal |
| Personality Theorists | Bordin, Nachmann and Segal, Holland, Roe |
| Trait and Factor Theorists | Parsons and Williamson |
| Behavioral/Social Theory | process of learning as it impinges upon career decison making |
| Krumboltz | career decision making is a life long process |
| Dawis and Lofquist | work adjustment |
| Schein | Career Anchors |
| Lent, Brown, Hackett | Social Cognitive Theory |
| was developed to explain how individuals form career interests, set vocational goals, persist in work environment, attain job satisification | Social Cognitive Career Theory |
| Person Centered Therapy | dev. by Carl Rogers |
| Person Centered Therapy | client centered, non directive, places resp. of treatment process on client, therapist takes a non directive role, similar to Rogerian Therapy/Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| self actualization | human potential movement, tend of human beings to move forward and grow to reach full potential |
| stages one goes through to integrate with one's career | Tiedeman/O Hara |
| Developmental Theory | the maturation of career behavior across the life span and stages |
| 5 stages of psycho-social theory of vocational development (Super Theory) | growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance, decline |
| Super Theory | life roles have an impact on career choice |
| growth | laying the foundation for self concept that will be critical to future vocational choices (Birth to 14) |
| exploration | here the person begins to develop an awareness of occupations. (ages 15 to 24) |
| establishment | here the individual is in actual work situations, experiencing some that fit and others that do not, an occupation is selected that offers the best chance to obtain satisfaction (ages 25 to 40) |
| maintenance | here the individual continues in and attempts to improve their situation in a chosen occupation (middle age to 65) |
| Ginzberg | occupational choice in a lifelong process, stage model of fantasy, tenatative, and realistic |
| Psychodynamic Theory | internal motivating variables and coping mechanisms related to them |
| dilectical behavioral therapy | developed by Marsha Linehan, combines cognitive behavioral techniques for emotion regulation and reality testing and concepts of distress tolerance, acceptance, and mindful awareness |
| John Holland- Personality Type Theory | holds that different personality types are best suited to different careers. Uses the interest inventories, self directed search, vocational preference inventory, and strong interest inventory |
| Holland's 6 Personality Types | realistic, investigative, social, conventional, enterprising, and artistic |
| realistic | tend to have mechanical abilities, likes to work with tools, and machines ex. auto mechanic, aircraft controller, surveyor, electrican |
| investigative | usually has math and science abilities, likes to work alone, ex. biologist, chemist, lab assistant, medical tech. |
| artistic | has artistic skills, good imagination, ex. composter, musician, stage director, dancer, interior decorator, actor, writer |
| social | usually likes to be around other people, likes to help other people with problems, ie. teacher, speech therapist, religious worker, counselor, psychologist, nurse |
| enterprising | usually has leadership and public speaking abilities, interested in money and politics, ex. buyer, promotor, tv producer, business executive, travel agent, supervisor, manager |
| conventional | generally likes to follow orderly rules ex. bookeeper, financial analyst, banker, tax expert, secretary, radio dispatcher |
| Career Development Inventory | measures knowledge about work roles |
| Salience Inventory | measure values expecations for work roles |
| Ecological Model | based on the idea that personal, social, and environmental resources and demands interact to influence individual adjustment |
| Medical Model | Prior to the 70's research was conducted on sexuality and disability, also disabled people are defined by their illiness or medical condition |
| Impairment | any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function |
| Disability | any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within range considered normal for a human being |
| Social Model | over the past 20 years, this model has the most common model used for sexuality and disability studies |
| Piaget's Theory | cognitive development is a stage based process of adaptation, assimilation, and accomodation of schema |
| Piaget | his theory is discontinuous, he describes development as as a series of steps with different changes from one phase to another |
| assimilation | refers to the process of taking new knowledge and information and interpreting it |
| disequilbrium | occurs when current observations cannot be made to fit within the current schema |
| accomodation | development or evolving of new schemata to fit new information and results in an understanding of the world |
| the founder of vocational guidance movement and created the work adjustment theory | Frank parsons |
| satisfaction and satifactoriness | work adjustment theory- trait and type theory |
| Krumboltz Theory | based on the concepts of social cognitive theory developed by Albert Bandura (self efficancy and outcomes) genetic endowment, learning experiences, task approach skills, and environmental conditions |
| Albert Bandura | described the career development process in three stages; self, work, and interaction between self and work, self efficacy and outcomes |
| Work Adjustment Theory | initally designed for VR clients in Minnesota |
| self efficacy | individual's own perception of their capabilities to perform tasks that they can change (Bandura) |
| DOT | Dictionary of Occupational Titles- overs 12,000 jobs in the US economy, replaced by ONET, each job has a 9 digit code, 1st digit refers to category/professions |
| OOH | Occupational Outlook Handbook developed by the US Dept.of Labor, information on occupations, excellent resource for VRC to provide job requirements information |
Created by:
michelle.willenbrock