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MDI
Many pulmonary meds are administered by inhalation via
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (Pulmonary Drugs) Most pulmonary meds are designed to make breathing easier by causing | *bronchodilation & reducing inflammation. |
| (Pulmonary Drugs) *Common respiratory diseases that respond to bronchodilators include: | * 1. Asthma. * 2. Emphysema. * 3. Chronic bronchitis which are COPDs: * chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. |
| (Pulmonary Drugs) *Many pulmonary meds are administered by inhalation via | * MDI (metered dose inhaler). Administration of MDIs is msrd in *puffs. |
| (Pulmonary Drugs) Common fast acting bronchodilators: | 1. albuterol a/k/a *Proventil or Ventolin or ProAir. *2. aminophylline. *3. ephedrine. *4. epinephrine a/k/a *Primatene Mist. *5. Alupent. *6. Maxair. *7. terbutaline a/k/a * Brethine. *8. theophylline "theo" a/k/a *Elixophyllin or Theo-24. |
| (Pulmonary Drugs) *Elixophyllin or Theo-24 (theophylline) may require TDM (therapeutic drug monitoring) because of a: | *narrowing TI (therapeutic index) (TI). *Common long acting bronchodilators include: * 9. Atrovent. * 10. Serevent. * 11. Dulera. |
| (Pulmonary Drugs) *Long acting bronchodilators should never be used alone in the treatment of asthma & should be used for the | *shortest duration of time. *Long duration is associated with increased risk of: *severe worsening of asthma symptoms. *Bronchodilator toxicity can occur if combined with: *caffeine. |
| (Pulmonary Drugs) *Leukotriene blockers reduce allergy related asthma & include: | *Singulair. *Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs) designed to reduce the incidence of asthma: *1. Asmanex. *2. Pulmicort. *3. Azmacort. *4. Flovent. |
| (Pulmonary Drugs) *Medications containing a bronchodilator & SAID used to treat asthma: *1. Symbicort. *2. Advair. *3. Combivent. | (Pulmonary Drugs) A MDI med to treat asthma & emphysema: *Spiriva. * A med administered b.i.d. via nebulizer for the treatment of chronic bronchitis & emphysema: *Brovana. |
| (PULMONARY DRUGS) * Intradermal skin tests used to detect TB exposure: * 1. PPD. * 2. Mantoux. * 3. Tine. --------------------------------------------- (Pulmonary Drugs) *Antituberculine (TB) meds: | *1. INH a/k/a * isoniazid. * 2. Rifadin a/k/a * rifampin. *3. Myambutol a/k/a * ethambutol. *MDRTB stands for *multidrug resistant tuberculosis. |
| (Pulmonary Drugs) Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT): | * 1. Habitrol (patch). * 2. Nicoderm (patch). * NTP stands for *nicotine transdermal patch * 3. Nicorette. * 4. Nicotrol. |
| (Pulmonary Drugs) * Non-nicotine smoking cessation drugs: | * 1. clonidine a/k/a * Catapres. * 2. Zyban (ban on smoking). * Zyban (Wellbutrin) is classified as an antidepressant. * 3. Chantix. |
| (Pulmonary Drugs) *Zyban (Wellbutrin) or Chantix can cause serious neuropsychiatric symptoms such as | *changes in behavior, hostility, agitation, depressed mood, suicidal thoughts & behavior, & attempted suicide. * Mucolytics are used to *break up mucus in the lungs for easier expectoration (cough up). * A common mucolytic is Mucomyst. |
| (Pulmonary Drugs) * Mucomyst (Acetadote) is also used as an | * APAP (acetaminophen) antagonist. * A common trade name for acetaminophen is * Tylenol. *Pneumovax is a * prophylaxis (prevent) for streptococcal pneumonia. |
| CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS CHAPTER 11 PAGE 168 * Causes of CHF: | * 1. Heredity. * 2. Smoking. * 3. Excess fat in the diet (obesity). * 4. Sedentary lifestyle. * 5. Age (35). * 6. MI(s) (myocardial infarction). * 7. Valvular disease. |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) * As the heart weakens, the amount of blood the heart ejects lessens & the heart rate | * increases * Signs of CHF: * * pedal edema & pulmonary edema. * A medication designed to slow the heart rate & stimulate the myocardium to contract more forcefully: * Lanoxin, Digitek,, or Lanoxicaps. |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) Generic name for Lanoxin, Digitek or Lanoxicaps is: *digoxin ("dig"). | * Treatment for congestive heart failure (CHF) includes: * digoxin. * Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps (digoxin) may require TDM * (Therapeutic Drug Monitoring) because of a * narrow TI (Therapeutic Index). |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) *Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for digoxin is: * "dig level." * A high fiber diet can | * slow the absorption of digoxin. * Signs of digitalis toxicity: * bradycardia & * yellow-green halos around lights. |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) * Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps (digoxin) is administered in combination with a diuretic called * furosemide a/k/a * Lasix. * Lasix (furosemide) causes an excessive loss of the electrolyte salt: | * potassium, whose abbreviation is: K. |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) * K is msrd in mEq (milliequivalents). * Thoracodynia caused by coronary ischemia (starvation O2) is: | * angina pectoris )AP). * The coronary ischemia is caused by *stenosis (narrowing) of the coronary arteries. * The stenosis is caused by: * atherosclerosis. |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) * Causes of atherosclerosis: | * 1. Hereditary. * 2. Smoking. * 3. Excessive fat in the diet (obesity). * 4. Sedentary life style. * 5. Age (35). * Many antiangina work by causing the coronary arteries to: * vasodilate (increase in diameter). |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) * Vasodilation causes: | * hypotension (low blood pressure). 8 Antianginals include: * 1. nitroglycerin a/k/a * Nitrostat or * Nitro-Dur. * The abbreviation for nitroglycerin: * NTG, Ntg, or "nitro." |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) * NTG is routinely administered * (SL (sublingually). * transdermally, & * IV (intravenously). * 2. isosorbide (sore heart) a/k/a * Isordil. * 3. atenolol a/k/a * Tenormin. | * atenolol a/k/a * Tenormin. |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) * 4. metoprolol a/k/a * Lopressor or Toprol. * 5. nadolol a/k/a * Corgard. * 6. propranolol a/k/a * Inderal (Inderal does it all). 8 7. amlodipine a/k/a * Norvasc. | metoprolol a/k/a * Lopressor or Toprol. |
| * 8. nicardipine a/k/a * Cardene. * 9. nifedipine a/k/a * Adalat or * Procardia. * 10. verapamil a/k/a * Calan. * 11. diltiazem a/k/a * Cardizem. | * verapamil a/k/a * Calan. |
| Antiarrhythmic medications are prescribed to treat * cardiac dysrhythmias. * Cardiac dysrhythmias are: | * abnormalities in the conduction (transmission) of electrical impulses in the heart. * Antiarrhythimics: * 1. Norpace a/k/a * disopyramide. |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) * Betaspace. * 3. procainamide a/k/a * Pronestyl. * 4. Rythmol. * 5. propranolol a/k/a * Inderal (inderal does it all). * 6. diltiazem a/k/a * Cardizem. | * propranolol a/k/a * Inderal ( Inderal does it all). |
| * 7. verapamil a/k/a * Calan. * 8. clonidine a/k/a * Catapres. * 9. digoxin a/k/a * Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps. HTN stands for: | * hypertension. |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) * Hypertension (HTN) = * (chronic (persistent) high blood pressure. * HHD stands for * hypertensive heart disease. * Medications prescribed to lower blood pressure are called: | * antihypertensives. |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) * Common causes of chronic (persistent) hypertension (HTN): | * 1. Atherosclerosis (abnormal condition of hardening of the arteries caused by fatty plaque). * 2. Kidney disease. * 3. Poor stress management. * 4. Excess salt, caffeine, nicotine, & alcohol. |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) *HTN (Hypertension) of unknown cause: | * primary, essential, or idiopathic hypertension. * Antihypertensives: 8 1. Divan. * 2. Cozaar. * 3. Benicar. |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) * 4. Hyzaar a/k/a * losartan + hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). * 5. Avapro. * 6. metoprolol a/k/a * Lopressor or Toprol. * 7. propranolol a/k/a * Inderal (Inderal does it all). | * Hyzaar a/k/a *losartan & hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). |
| * 8. atenolol a/k/a * Tenormin. * 9. nadolol a/k/a * Corgard. * 10. amlodipine a/k/a * Norvase. * 11. nicardipine a/k/a * Cardene. | atenolol a/k/a Tenormin. |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) * 12. nifedipine a/k/a * Adalat or * Procardia. 8 13. diltiazem a/k/a * Cardizem. * 14. verapamil a/k/a * Calan. * 15. clonidine a/k/a * Catapres. | * diltiazem a/k/a * Cardizem. |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) * 16. Minipress. 8 17. Capoten. * 18. Lotensin. * 19. Hytrin. * Medications that end in the -olol are: | * beta blockers. * Beta blockers can lose effectiveness if combined with * fruit juice. |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) * Hyperlipidemia means* a blood condition of excess fat. * Fats that can cause diseases of the heart & blood vessels: | * 1. Cholesterol. * 2. Triglycerides. * 3. Trans-fatty acids. * These fats are considered * saturated. |
| (Cardiovascular Drugs) * Medications prescribed to lower the amt of circulating fat in the blood: * antihyperlipidemics ("statins"). * Lipitor. * 2. Crestor. * 3. Pravachol. | * 4. Zocor. * 5. Lopid. * 6. niacin a/k/a Niaspan. * 7. Trilipix. * Combination of Norvasc (amlodipine) & Lipitor = *Caduet. |
| * An ounce-3 supplement for hypertriglyceridemia - Lovaza. * Antihyperlipidemics may require * periodic LFTs (liver function tests). | * "Statins" can increase the risk of DM * (Diabetes Mellitus) by 48% in * women. * Antihyperlipidemic toxicity can occur if combined with * grapefruit juice. |
| (HEMATOLOGIC DRUGS) Chapter 12 Page 195 * Anticoagulants decreases the body's ability to form * thrombi (clots). * Abnormal thrombus formation can lead to floating clots: * emboli. | * An embolus can become lodged in a stenosed 9narrowed0 artery & cause an * infarct (occlusion). * Common infarcts: * 1. Myocardial infarction (MI). * MI is a/k/a * "heart attack" or "coronary." * 2. Cerebral vascular accident (CVA). * CVA = "st |
| (HEMATOLOGIC DRUGS) * The layperson calls anticoagulants: * "blood thinners." * Common anticoagulant medications: * 1. heparin (sub! injection). * 2. warfarin a/k/a * Coumadin * Coumadin (warfarin) requires * periodic coagulation monitoring. | * Vitamin K rich foods to avoid when taking Coumadin (warfarin) = * kale, brussels sprouts, broccoli, asparagus, & spinach. * Plavix. * Plavix is common prophylaxis for * MIs & CVAs. * Plavix requires * periodic coagulation monitoring. |
| anemia, & kidney failure. * 4. ASA. | * 5. dipyridamole a/k/a * Persantine. * Persantine (dipyridamole) requires * periodic coagulation monitoring. * 6. Lovenox (subQinjection). * Lovenox does not require * periodic coagulation monitoring. |
| (HEMATOLOGIC DRUGS) * 7. Pradaxa. * Pradaxa does not not require * periodic coagulation monitoring. * Bleeding problems can occur if ASA or Coumadin (warfarin) are combined with gingko biloba, garlic, ginger, & NSAIDs. | * Thrombolytic (tPA) meds are administered to * break up thrombi already formed. * Common thrombolytic (tPA) meds: * 1. streptokinase a/k/a * Streptase. * 2. alteplase a/k/a * Activase. * 3. tenecteplase. |
| (HEMATOLOGIC DRUGS) * The layperson calls thrombolytics * "clot busters." * A drug administered as a heparin antagonist: * protamine sulfate. * A med used as a coagulant: * vitamin K a/k/a * Mephyton. | (EMERGENCY DRUGS) Chapter 24 Page 434 * ACLS = * advanced cardiac life support. * Emergency meds are administered IVP which means |
| (EMERGENCY DRUGS) * A large dose of a med may be administered IVP to quickly achieve a therapeutic level = * bolus a/k/a * loading dose. * Emergency meds can be administered via the * ET (endotracheal tube). | * An emergency med administered to stimulate the myocardium to contract (cardiac stimulant) & to cause bronchodilation = * epinephrine ("epi") a/k/a * Adrenalin. |
| (EMERGENCY DRUGS) * An emergency med administered to treat severe bradycardia = * atropine. * An emergency antiarrhythmic drug = * lidocaine a/k/a * xylocaine. | * Xylocaine (lidocaine) is also used as a * local anesthetic. * An emergency med administered to treat acidosis = * sodium biocarbonate. * Sodium bicarbonate = *NaHCO3 (bicarb"). |
| * Another emergency cardiac stimulant = * calcium chloride. * Calcium chloride - * CaCl. 8 Vasopressors are administered to treat severe * hypotension (low blood pressure). | * Emergency vasopressors = * f. epinephrine a/k/a * Adrenalin. * 2. Dopamine a/k/a * Intropin. * 3. isoproterenol a/k/a * Isuprel. * 4. norepinephrine a/k/a * Levophed. |
| (EMERGENCY DRUGS) * Emetics are administered to induce * vomiting. * The most commonly prescribed emetic = * syrup of ipecac (ipecac will make you yac). | * An emergency med administered via a NG * (nasogastric) tube to absorb toxic substances in the stomach = * activated charcoal. * A prescribed emergency narcotic antagonist is: * naloxone a/k/a * Narcan. |
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