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Sociology Ch. 17
Religion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A social institution composed of a unified system of beliefs, symbols, and rituals - based on some sacred or supernatural realm - that guides human behavior, gives meaning to life, and unites believers into a community | Religion |
| The relationship between the individual and something larger than oneself, such as a broader sense of connection with the surrounding world | Spirituality |
| A confident belief that cannot be proven or disproven but is accepted as true | Faith |
| Those aspects of life that exist beyond the everyday, natural world that we cannot experience with our senses | Sacred |
| A sheltering fabric hanging over individuals that provides them with security and answers for the difficult questions of life | Sacred Canopy |
| Regularly repeated and carefully prescribed forms of behaviors that symbolize a cherished value or belief | Rituals |
| The everyday, secular, or "worldly" aspects of life that we know through our senses | Profane |
| The belief that supernatural forces affect people's lives either positively or negatively | Simper Supernaturalism |
| The belief that plants, animals, or other elements of the natural world are endowed with spirits or life forces that have an effect on events in society | Animism |
| A belief in a god or gods who shape human affairs | Theism |
| A belief in a single, supreme being or god who is responsible for significant events such as the creation of the world | Monotheism |
| A belief in more than one god | Polytheism |
| A belief that each individual has the freedom to function as an autonomous source in regard to principles of thought and conduct | Transcendent Idealism |
| Religious institutions and traditions compete for adherents, and worshippers shop for a religion in much the same way that consumers decide what goods and services they will purchase in the marketplace | Religious Marketplace |
| There is an absence of, or a rejection of, theism | Nontheistic |
| A system of beliefs that calls upon adherents to follow an ideal way of life | Ethical Religion |
| Texts and hymns that preserve the beliefs and practices of Hinduism; meaning "knowledge" or "wisdom" | Vedas |
| Focuses on the life of the Buddha and seeks to follow his teachings; gained its strongest toehold in Southeast Asia | Theravadin Buddhism |
| Centered in Japan, China, and Korea, and primarily focuses on meditation and the Four Noble Truths | Mahayana Buddhism |
| Taught that people must learn the importance of order in human relationships and must follow a strict code of moral conduct, including respect for others, benevolence, and reciprocity; sayings collected in Analects | Confucianism |
| Meaning and purpose, social cohesion and a sense of belonging, and social control and support for the government | Important Functions of Religion according to Functionalists |
| Systematic views of the way the world ought to be | Ideologies |
| The set of beliefs, rituals, and symbols that makes sacred the values of the society and places the nation in the context of the ultimate system of meaning | Civil Religion |
| The belief that even before they are born, all people are divided into two groups, the saved and the damned, and only God knows who will go to heaven | Predestination |
| Based on the assumption that religion is essentially a rational response to human needs; however, the theory does not claim that any particular religious belief is necessarily true or more rational than another | Rational Choice Theory |
| A body of language and practices that compensate for some physical lack or frustrated goal | Compensators |
| Based on the assumption that if you give your money to God, He will bless you with more money and other material possessions that you desire | Prosperity Gospel |
| A religious organization that is so integrated into the dominant culture that it claims as its membership all members of a society | Ecclesia |
| A large, bureaucratically organized religious organization that tends to seek accommodation with the larger society in order to maintain some degree of control over it | Church |
| A large organized religion characterized by accommodation to society but frequently lacking in ability or intention to dominate society | Denomination |
| A relatively small religious group that has broken away from another religious organization to renew what it views as the original version of the faith | Sect |
| (also known as new religious movement or NRM) a religious group with practices and teachings outside the dominant cultural and religious traditions of a society | Cult |
| The process by which religious beliefs, practices, and institutions lose their significance in society and nonreligious values, principles, and institutions take their place | Secularization |
| A traditional religious doctrine that is conservative, is typically opposed to modernity, and rejects "worldly pleasures" in favor of otherworldly spirituality | Fundamentalism |
| The belief that human beings an become better through their own efforts rather than through belief in God and a religious conversion | Secular Humanism |
| Religion can have negative consequences in that the capitalist class uses religion as a tool of domination to mislead workers about their true interests | Conflict Perspective |
| Believed that religion could be a catalyst for social change | Max Weber |
| Focus on a microlevel analysis of religion, examining the meanings that people give to religion and the meanings that they attach to religious symbols in their everyday life | Symbolic Interactionist Perspective |
| Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism | Major World Religions |
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Vanity
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