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GAP Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Unalienable rights | The rights taht are based on nature and Providence rather than on the preferencesof people. |
| Articles of Confederation | A constitution drafted by the newly independent states in 1777 and ratified in 1781. It created a weak national government that could not levy taxes or regulate commerce. |
| Constitutional Convention | A meeting of delegates in 1787 to revise the AoC, which produced a totally new constitution still in use today. |
| Shay's Rebellion | A rebellion in 1787 led by Daniel Shays and other soldiers and officers to prevent foreclusres of farms as a result of high interest rates and taxes. The revolt highlighted the weaknesses of the Con. and bolstered support for a stronger nat. gov. |
| Great Compromise | Compromise @ Con. Con. in 1787that reconciled the interests of small and large states by allowing the former to predominate in the Senate and the latterin the HoR. 2 senate reps per state, population based HoR |
| Judicial Review | The power of the courts to declare acts of the legislature and of the xecutive to be unconstitutional and hence null and void. |
| Checks and Balances | The power of the legislature, executive, and judicial branches of government to block some acts by the other two branches. |
| Separation of Powers | A principle of Am. gov. whereby consitutional authority is shared by 3 separate branches of gov- legislative, judicial, executive |
| Factions | According to James Madison, a group of ppl who seek to influence public policy in ways contrary to the public good |
| Federalists | Supporters of a stronger central gov who advocated ratification of the Constitution. After ratification they founded a political party supporting a strong executive and Alexander Hamilton's economic policies. |
| Anti-federalists | Opponents of a strong central government who campaigned against ratification of the Constitution in favor of a confederation of largely independent states. |
| Federalist paperx | A series of eighty-five essays written by Alexander Hamilton, james Madison, and John Jay (all using the name "Publius") that were published in NY newspapers in 87 to convince NYers to asopt the Constitution |
| Writ of habeas corpus | Latin- "you shall have the body." A court order directing a police officer, sheriff, or warden who has a person in custody to bring the prisoner before a judge and show sufficient cause for his or her detention. designed to prevent illegal arrests |
| Due Process | Protection against arbitrary deprivation of life, liberty, or property as guaranteed in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. |
| Bill of attainder | A law that declares a person, without a trial, to be guilty of a crime. The state legislatures and Congress are forbidden to pass such acts by Article I of the Constitution. |
| Ex post facto law | Latin- "after the fact." A law that makes criminal an act that was legal when it was committed. Forbidden by Article I of Constitution |
| Bill of Rights | A list of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press |
| Amendments | Changes in, or additions to, the US Consitution. Amendments are proposed by a 2/3 vote of both houses of Congress or by a convention called by Congress @ request of 2/3 of the state legislatures and ratified by 3/4 of states |
| Line-item veto | Power of an executive to veto some provisions in an appropriations bill while approving others. President doesn't have the right to exercise a line-item veto and must approve or reject an entire appropriations bill |
| Pocket veto | One of two ways for a president to dissaprove a bill sent to him by Congress. If the president doesn't sign the bill within ten days of his receiving it and Congress has adjourned within that time, the bill does not become a law |
| 14th Amendment | Broadly defines the parameters of the US Citizenship, prohibits the states from reducing or diminishing the privileges of citizens and emphasizes their 'right to due process and the equal protection of the law' |
| Incorporation Doctrine | Allows the Bill of Rights to be applied to state laws (in addition to national laws) |
| Delegated Powers | powers granted to nat gov by constitution. Chief of which are war power, power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, pwer to tax and spend |
| 3/5 Compromise | 3 out of every 5 slaves should be counted for representation and for tax purposes |
| Bicameral | A lawmaking body made up of two chambers or parts. The US Congress isa bicameral legislature composed of the Senate and the HoR |
| Elastic Clause/ Necessary and Proper Clause | Final paragraph of Article I sec 8 of consitution authorizes congress to pass all laws "n and p" to carry out the enumerated powers. proveds flexibility to Congress |
| Thomas Jefferson | Writer of the Declaration of Independence who was absent from the concon, serving as amassador to France |
| James Madison | A young, well-read delegate from VA, who is usually credited with writing large parts of the Constitution |
| Declaration of Independece | The proclamation made by the second American Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which asserted the freedom and indpendece of the 13 Colonies from Great Britain |
| Virginia Plan | Called for a strong national union organized into 3 gov branches- judicial, executive, and legislative, then composed of one house elected by ppl, and second chosen by the first |
| New Jersey Plan | Called for a unicameral legislature in which each state would have the same vote |
| Federalism | A political system in which ultimate authortiy is shared between a central government and a state or regional government |
| Commerce Clause | Allows Congress to regulate and promote interstate and international commerce. Gives Congress power "to regulate Commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian Tribes." |
| Popular Sovereignty | The basic principle that the power to govern belongs to the people and that government must be based on the consent of the governed |
| Rule of Law | States that in the US, The Constitution is the law of the land, and no one is above it. |
| Informal amendments | Change that occurs within our political system through interpreting the words to fit changin needs and events. All 3 branches have contributed to informal amendment of the Constitution |
| The "takings clause" | The Takings Clause refers to the last clause of the 5th amendment to the consitution that limis the power of eminent domain, it provides protection to citizens during legal proceedings from the national gov |
| Interstate commerce | commerce between the states, as granted in the Commerce Clause. The buying and selling of products and services across state borders |
Created by:
AlanaR
Popular American Government sets