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American Civ midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biological Warfare | killing people though the spreading of bacteria, viruses, and other germs. It killed large numbers of people, especially native Americans. England ahd given Indians blankets that were infected with small pox, killing tons of them. |
| Norse Coin | Viking coin that shows that there were vikings in the new world before Columbus arrived |
| Danger Cave | A cave found in utah near wendover. It has remains of a Native American society that dates back to many years ago. It was just a small group that were hunter-gatherers. Signs of the oldest human remains in utah were found here |
| Anasazi | Native American tribe that lived in Mesa Verde. They seemed to have a class system and a strong community |
| Paradise lost | America was first considered Eden by Europeans because it was so beautiful and perfect but was “lost” because the Native Americans were being so wasteful and “ruining” the country |
| Christopher Columbus | An explorer and colonizer who was trying to find a quicker route to Asia, but ended up in America. He brought the awareness of America to the rest of the world, and then colonists started coming to America. |
| Colombian Exchange | Widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, and disease between the Western and Eastern hemispheres after Columbus. It brought new livestock and important crops. |
| Extractive Economy | A resource-based economy that depends on harvesting or extracting natural resources for sale or trade. Native Americans played a huge part in it and helped extract precious metals, lumber, fish, furs, etc. |
| Plantation Economy | An agricultural-based economy that depends on agricultural mass production usually of staple crops like sugar, tobacco, and rice. Indentured servants and African slaves played a huge role. |
| Mercantile System | Establishing a favorable balance of trade by exporting the largest possible quantity of products and importing as little as possible. |
| Indentured Servitude | : Someone pays for a person’s ticket across the seas, but then that person has to work for them for a set number of years. This helped a lot of people migrate to America and those in America could have someone working for them. |
| Pirates and Privateers of the Atlantic | They would harass and steal from other countries but remain anonymous. It was a way for empires to jockey for power and wealth without initiating a full-fledged war. |
| Bacon's Rebellion | Indentured servants rebelling against the Virginia governor because he wouldn’t go to war for more land. More land=conflict. Having indentured servants wasn’t working out so it eventually led to slavery. |
| Tradition of Neglect | England was too far away for effective administrative control so colonial assemblies were the source of real power. At first Britain just left the colonies alone, but then they started imposing taxes and other laws on them so the colonies rebelled. |
| French and Indian War (7 years' war) | war between English and French with Native Americans as France’s ally. It changed the power struggle in America and made France less relevant in the new world |
| Proclamation of 1763 | Line that prohibited colonists for moving west to protect them from Indians and to stop them from spending too much money. Colonists moved west anyway. |
| QWERTY Principle | People try to avoid change. When people used typewriters, they had to make the QWERTY keyboard to slow down their typing. Now that we have computers they could technically get rid of the QWERTY keyboard but they don’t because they don’t like change. |
| Christianity in Latin America | In Latin America, the people were very catholic, there was heavy proselyting, and schools that taught religion. The people would get converted to Christianity but they didn’t really practice Christianity, they just went back to their own beliefs. |
| Christianity North of Mexico | In the north Christianity was there but it was split into diverse faiths. There was light proselyting. |
| American Military Strategy (Revolution) | Americans used “guerilla warfare” that used hit and run tactics that confused the British as to how many American soldiers there really were. Americans had a stronger purpose in fighting when compared to the British. |
| Articles of Confederation | Agreement among the 13 states that established the U.S. as a confederation of sovereign states & served as its first constitution. It gave more power to the stares and limited the power in the central gov. It required unanimous votes among the states. |
| Northwest Ordinance | when any district grew to include 60,000 residents it could be admitted to the union on equal terms with the existing states. |
| Federalist 10 | essay written by James Madison arguing for the ratification of the United States. It addresses the question of how to guard against factions. It keeps the people that we don’t want from getting into the government. |
| Two-Party System | a “winner takes all system”. The country chooses one party or the other. The “winner takes all system” doesn’t really allow for more than two parties because third parties wouldn’t get enough votes. |
| Whiskey Rebellion | Congress placed a tax on whiskey to help pay the federal deficit. Farmers suffered from it. Colonists rebelled and refused to pay their taxes but Washington led 12,000 there and made them pay their taxes. |
| Election of 1800 | Election between John Adams & Thomas Jefferson. dirtiest campaign in history. Each side believed victory by the other would ruin the nation. Jefferson won. this was the first time that republicans took control in the country. The transition was peaceful. |
| Enumerated Powers vs. Implied Powers | Enumerated powers are powers that are specifically mentioned & defined. Implied powers are inferred powers & are not specific or defined. Implied powers go to the Judicial branch to decide because they bring a lot of conflict about what's constitutional. |
| Louisiana Purchase | Large piece of land Jefferson bought from Napoleon that doubled the size of the U.S. |
| Toussaint L'Ouverture | Haitian Leader who led a slave revolt in Haiti against the French. France was willing to sell the Louisiana Purchase to America because the Haitians revolted against France. People outside America can have a huge effect on the United States |
| Lewis and Clark | Went on an expedition to try to find a quicker route to the pacific. Their expedition linked the west to the rest of the country and got people excited to live there. |
| Slavery & Manifest Destiny | Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across the continent & move westward. The Louisiana purchase helped make it possible. People continued to move west for more land & the population increased. new western states had to decide free or slave |
| Transportation Revolution | Through building canals, roads, and railroads farmer’s profits increased because the cost of moving goods dropped drastically. However, it was a lot cheaper to transport goods by sea than by land. |
| Law of Comparative Advantage | Mutually beneficial exchange is possible whenever relative production costs differ prior to trade. Ex: Florida gives us oranges and we give them alfalfa because different crops grow better in different climates. |
| Cult of Domesticity | Belief that a woman’s place is in the home. It’s made possible by the separation between work and home. Men didn’t just stay home and farm anymore, they left their homes and worked in other places like factories and the women stayed home. |
| Second Great Awakening | Religion became more popular and people started focusing on moral issues rather than economic issues. The focus on morals led to the attempting to end slavery and a balance of power between the north and south. |
| The Temperance Movement | There was a huge rise in alcohol drinking and mostly women were trying to stop it. The movement urged reduced or prohibited use of alcoholic beverages. |
| Latin American Abolition | Little by little African Americans became more free. The free womb act was created where children born by African Americans were born free, but those that already existed were still slaves. |
| Nat Turner's Rebellion | A huge slave rebellion where slaves in Virginia went around killing many white people. It helped lead to the Civil War and brought more attention to slavery. |
| U.S. Mexican War | Americans started settling in modern day Texas, which Mexico owned at the time. America made Mexico mad so that they could go to war with them. America ended up winning and taking Texas but ended up paying Mexico for it in the end. |
| Compromise of 1850 | There were a lot of new states in the western part of America and they had to decide if they would be slave states or free states. The states ended up being free to choose and this determined the balance of the ratio of free states to slave states. |
| Bleeding Kansas | An election to decide whether Kansas would be a free or slave state. Lots of people from other states crossed the border to cast fraudulent ballots. |
| Collapse of the Party System | Bleeding Kansas split the voting alignment by sectional lines, not by political parties. The third parties began to flourish, especially the know-nothing party, but the know-nothing party collapsed as quickly as it grew. Republican party became popular |
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jessicaelisewilliams
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