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Epilepsy Drugs

Drugs for Epilepsy

QuestionAnswer
What's a focus? a group of hyperexcitable neurons that initiate seizures
What causes a focus? A focus may result from several causes, including congenital defects, hypoxia at birth, head trauma, brain infection, stroke, cancer, and genetic disorders.
What's important about the location of a seizure focus? If seizure activity invades a very limited part of the brain, a partial or local seizure occurs. In contrast, if seizure activity spreads to a large portion of the brain, a generalized seizure develops.
List new drugs used to treat partial seizure. Ezogabine, Oxcarbazepine, Gabapentin, Lacosamide, Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Pregabalin, Topiramate, Tiagabine, Vigabatrin, Zonisamide
List new drugs used to treat generalized seizure. Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Topiramate
Which drugs are used for both partial and generalized seizure? Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Topiramate
List traditional drugs used to treat partial seizure. Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Valproic acid, Phenobarbital, Primidone
List traditional drugs used to treat generalized seizure. Carbamazepine,Phenytoin,Valproic acid,Phenobarbital,Primidone
Traditional drugs used for both partial and generalized seizure. Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Valproic acid, Phenobarbital, Primidone
Traditional drug used to treat absent generalized seizure. Ethosuximide
New drug used to treat absent generalized seizure. Lamotrigine
5 ways AED drugs function. It now appears that nearly all AEDs act through five basic mechanisms: suppression of sodium influx, suppression of calcium influx, promotion of potassium efflux, blockade of receptors for glutamate, and potentiation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
AED drugs that cause suppression of sodium influx. phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, and lamotrigine
AED drugs that cause suppression of calcium influx valproic acid and ethosuximide
AED drug that promotes sodium efflux Ezogabine
Which drugs increase suicide? topiramate and lamotrigine
Phenytoin Phenytoin can be used to treat all major forms of epilepsy except absence seizures. The drug is especially effective against tonic-clonic seizures, and is a drug of choice for treating these seizures in adults and older children.
Adverse effects of Phenytoin Gingival hyperplasia, Nystagmus, Negative effect on the fetus, cardiac dysrhythmias and hypotension(if administered through IV at fast rate)
Hirsutism Hair growth at unusual places
Phenytoin effect on the liver Phenytoin stimulates synthesis of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. As a result, phenytoin can decrease the effects of other drugs, including oral contraceptives, warfarin (an anticoagulant), and glucocorticoids(anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive drugs)
Drugs that increase plasma levels of Phenytoin Diezapen, Isoniazad, Cimitidine, Alcohol -- All these drugs should be avoided when Phenytoin is used.
Drugs that decrease plasma levels of phenytoin. Carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and alcohol (when used chronically) can accelerate the metabolism of phenytoin, thereby decreasing its level. Breakthrough seizures can result.
Using Phenytoin with CNS depressants This should be avoided
Carbamazepine and the bone-marrow carbamazepine should not be withdrawn unless the white blood cell count drops below 3000/mm3
Valproic Acid uses used widely to treat all major seizure types, also is used for bipolar disorder and migraine headache.
Valproic Acid pharmacodynamics suppression of high-frequency neuronal firing through blockade of sodium channels. Second, it suppresses calcium influx through T-type calcium channels, third, it may augment the inhibitory influence of GABA.
Valproic Acid and Migraines Approved for prophylaxis of migraine
Created by: ekm
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