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Foucault pendulum:
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Lunar calendar:
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Chapter 1
TERMS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Foucault pendulum: | A pendulum used by Jean Foucault in 1851 to demonstrate that the earth rotates on its axis; any similar pendulum. |
| Lunar calendar: | A calendar with months that correspond to the length of the moon’s cycle but not to any particular season. |
| Geocentric theory: | The false theory that the earth is the center of the solar system. |
| Heliocentric theory: | The accepted theory that the sun is the center of the solar system, with the earth and the other planets revolving around it. |
| Inertia: | The tendency of all objects in the universe to remain at rest if at rest, or, if moving, to continue moving in the same direction unless acted upon by some outside force. |
| Law of gravitation: | The force that makes all bodies in the universe tend to move toward one another |
| Leap year: | An extra day added to the solar calendar every four years to keep the calendar in step with the seasons. |
| Lunisolar calendar: | A calendar which takes into account both the solar year and the lunar month. |
| Model: | A simplified picture used by a scientist to represent the phenomenon he is studying. |
| Parallax: | An apparent shift in position caused by a change in the point of observation; it is used to determine distances to nearby stars and as proof of the earth’s revolution. |
| Ptolemaic theory: | The theory that incorrectly stated that the earth was the fixed center of the universe; geocentric theory. |
| Revolve: | To orbit around a point. |
| Rotate: | To spin on an axis. |
| Solar calendar: | A calendar which corresponds to the solar year and ignores the lunar cycle. |
| Summer solstice: | The time when the sun appears to be directly over the Tropic of Cancer (about June 21). |
| Tropic of Cancer: | The imaginary line on the earth’s surface located at 23 ½ degrees N latitude. |
| Tropic of Capricorn: | The imaginary line on the earth’s surface located at 23 ½ degrees S latitude. |
| Vernal equinox: | The equinox that occurs about March 21. |
| Winter solstice: . | The time when the sun appears to be directly over the Tropic of Capricorn (about December 21) |
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