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conditions in OT
aquired brain injury Ch 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the inability to lean new long term declarative information. | Anterograde amnesia |
| pathological inhalation of food or mucus into the respiratory tract. | Aspiration |
| - noncancerous, which do not invade other body tissues or spread to other body parts. However may become life threatening as they cause increasing deficits with cell growth, because they press on nearby structures or tissues. | Benign tumor |
| a nonsleep loss of consciousness associated with unresponsiveness to touch, pain, sound, or movement that last for an extended pd. | Coma |
| situation in which direct brain damage is incurred in traumatic event as the cerebrum rotates on the more stable brainstem while accelerating from the force (coup), and then accelerated in the opposite direction. | Contrecoup injury |
| an extensor posture of all limbs and/or trunk. | Decerebrate rigidity |
| - flexion of the upper, but extension of the lower limbs | Decorticate rigidity |
| a broad ban of skills that allow an individual to engage in independent, self-directed behavior. Includes: volition, planning, purposeful action, self-awareness,ect…… | Executive functioning |
| The formation of bone in soft tissue and periarticular locations. Early clinical signs include warmth, swelling, pain, and decreased joint motion. Common joints : shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee. | Heterotopic ossification |
| The abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal (CSF) in the brain. | Hydrocephalus |
| composed of abnormal cells that multiply rapidly, with the ability to invade, or metastasize into other tissues. | Malignant tumor |
| - the spread of a disease from one organ or part to another nonadjacent organ or part. | Metastasis |
| - identified for a loss of consciousness for <10 minutes or amnesia, a (GCS) rating of 13-15: no skull fracture on physical examination, and a nonfocal neurological examination. | Mild acquired brain injury |
| Hospitalization of at least 48 hrs. an initial gcs rating of 9-12 or higher. | Moderate acquired TBI |
| - loss of memory of events that occurred prior to the injury. | Retrograde amnesia |
| - loss of consciousness and/or posttraumatic amnesia for more than 24 hrs. GCS rating 1-8 | Severe acquired TBI |
| collisions with the head of at least 15 mph or greater. soccer, football, high speed MVA | Diffuse axonal injury DAI |
| What is DAI? | diffuse axonal injury lacerations of brain tissue throughout |
| How does TBI impact cognition? | agitation leads to flight or fight breakdown in inhibition excessive compulsiveness |
| 8 levels of cognitive function. *does not adequately reflect small changes in recovery. | LCFS (levels of cognitive function scale) or RLA (Rancho Los Amigos) |
| First scale to predict both mortality and outcome for the comatose patient. Best know and most widely used. | Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) |
| simulated or actual activities used to prepare a client for discharge into the public community. | community re-entry |
| external compensatory strategy to provide cues to increase initiation of tasks and retention of information | memory notebook |
| insight, self awareness and self regulatory capacity. | metacognition |
| innate healing ability of the brain to reroute neural pathways in an effort to compensate for areas of tissue damage. | neural plasticity |
| skull is intact | closed head injury |
| inner or outer skull is fractured or displace. | open head injury |
| damage to the brain caused by events after birth, damage that is not congenital or genetic. (stroke) | Acquired Brain Injury |
| direct force or blow to the head that is substantial enough to break through the skull or a force powerful enough to cause the brain to move within the skull. | Traumatic Brain Injury |
| Acquired Brain injury does NOT include neurodegenerative conditions such as dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease. | true |
| an immediate and transient impairment of neural function such as an alteration of consciousness, disturbance of vision, equilibrium, and other similar symptoms as a result of trauma. (sports) | Concussion |
| could someone have physical changes after TBI and not congnitive changes | yes |
| what are the 3 main ares affected by TBI | physical, cognitive, emotional/behavioral |
| What is a functional example of decreased safety awareness following TBI? | touching a hot stove |
| What is a functional example of impaired initiation following TBI? | Not being able to decipher what to do after given a shirt |
| what is leading cause of severe TBI | Motor vehicle accident |
| When a person's orbitofrontal regions have been affected, what is the result? | disinhibition inappropriate word choices cursing |
| What are the 2 primary forms of TBI? | - penetrating- when a foreign object passes through the skull - secondary tissue damage due to the pressure wave, which leads to infection |
| What are the behavior measures on the GCS? | eye opening motor response verbal response |
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