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Antro Test 3

Antro Test 3 study guide for exam

QuestionAnswer
Hominids walking around on two legs, while having very ape like behaviors.
Gregarious live in social groups
Advantages of living in a group Protection from predators, improved access to food, access to mates, assistance in protecting and raising offspring, faster learning
Disadvantages of living in a group More visible to predators, only certain males mate with females
Primates are gregarious, territorial
Polyamy One male multiple females, (gorillas, guenons, pottos, patas, spider monkeys)
Polyandry One female multiple males, (marmosets, tamarins)
Bisexual Chimpanzees, bonobos, macaques, baboons, vervets
Monogamous Gibbons, indris, owl monkey, titis
solitary aye-ayes, galagos, lorises
Males compete for access to females, making them have larger body sizes,
Females compete for access to resources for their young like food, affects social behavior
Males compete physically with intimidation
Females compete through relationships and emotionally
Protoculture Behavior that has some of the characteristics of cultural behavior
Paleoanthropologists Reconstruct the past by studying the remains of our fossil ancestors
Relative Dating Estimation of age based on some other information from a site, (location, type, similarity, geology
Absolute Dating specific age of an object
Law of Superposition The lower layers of earth or artifacts are older than those which lay on top
Cultural Dating A relative dating technique that uses changes in material culture to establish a chronology
Dendrochronology Dating of past events using tree ring growth,( dates up 1 to 9,000 years used to recalibrate c-14 date
Carbon-14 Dating Used to date organic remains, half life, 5730 years, dates up to 50-60,000 years ago
Potassium-Argon Dating Half-life 1.3 billion years, finds the date that piece of rock was reset by heating, useful in volcanic regions like east Africa
Hominidea Family that all Hominids belong to
Protohominid Earliest members of the hominid lineage
Piltdown Man Charles Dawson discovers him in 1912, however was a hoax jaw was not the same individual
Bipedalism walking on two feet
Bipedal locomotion walking
habitual bipedalism form of locomotion practiced by homoinids
Foramen Magnum Position skull positioned further forward under the skull
Spine Human's spines are S-shaped and apes are straight
Pelvis Bipedal creatures have short broad, or bowl shaped pelvis
Drawl back of bipedalism it makes giving birth harder due to smaller pelvis
Knee angles inwards
Hypothesis of the orgin of bipedalism freeing of hands, running after game more efficient, sexual display, tools
Australopithecs Anamensis First Australopith (ancestor to all) First identified by Meave Leakey in Kenya is 4.2-3.9 MYA,
Protohominids Earliest members of the hominid lineage
Sahelanthropus tachadensis Oldest possible hominid species, 7-6 mya found in chad
Orrorin Tuganensis Found in Kenya leg bones are bipedal, human like teeth
Ardipithecus Kadabba first consensus hominids, MNI=5 (minimum number of individuals)5.8-5.5mya
Ardipithecus Ramidus Discovered by Tim White, 4.4 mya bipedal hominid, named ardi( suggest that last human/ape ancestor did not look like a modern ape
Kenyanthropus platyops Flat faced man of Kenya, found by Maeve Leakey, 3.5mya
Austrlopithecus Afarensis Lucy, 3.6mya, 1974 found by Donald Johansen, sexual dimorphism, brain size 430 cc
Hada-A.L 333 The first famil, 200 hominid fossils, 13 individuals
Laetoli footprints prints of three hominids
Austrlopithicus Garhi 2.5 MYA Ethiopia, 450 CC brain,
KNW-WT 17000 A. the black skull, 1985- alan walker and richard leakey,is the earliest robust human
Olduvai Gorge,Tanzania A. Boisei in 1959 discovered by Mary Leakey, date 2.3 mya brain size 520cc
Created by: cregeorgia
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