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As the interstitial hydrostatic pressure increases, is more or less fluid driven into the lymphatic capillaries?
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The lymphatic system aids the __ system by transporting excess interstitial fluid.
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Anatomy Ch. 21/22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| As the interstitial hydrostatic pressure increases, is more or less fluid driven into the lymphatic capillaries? | more |
| The lymphatic system aids the __ system by transporting excess interstitial fluid. | cardiovascular |
| The thymus __ after puberty. | shrinks |
| Lymph is moved through lymph vessels by what? | respiratory pump, skeletal muscle pump |
| The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from which quarter of the body? | right upper |
| When excess interstitial fluid is not reabsorbed, the tissues swell, causing a condition called __. | edema |
| After they are formed, lymphocytes are housed in __ lymphatic structures. | secondary |
| Which vessels have valves? | lymphatic vessels and veins |
| Lymphatic capillaries are usually __ in diameter than blood capillaries. | larger |
| Lacteals pick up dietary __. | lipids |
| Lymph moves only one way through lymphatic vessels because of the presence of what internal structures? | valves |
| Lymphatic __ are formed from merging lymphatic vessels. | trunks |
| The thymus is located in the: | superior mediastinum |
| On average, how much interstitial fluid becomes lymph each day? | 3 liters |
| Lymphatic vessels resemble small: | veins |
| Dietary lipids enter the lymphatic system through tiny lymph vessels called __. | lacteals |
| They lymphatic system contains __ lymphatic ducts. | 2 |
| The cisterna chyli is directly __ to the thoracic duct. | inferior |
| What are the three main functions of the lymphatic system? | 1. transport excess interstitial fluid (ISF) to CV system and urinary system (venous system); 2. transport fat from digestive system into CV system; 3. deliver an immune response-store/replicate lymphocytes and deactivate (destroy) pathogens |
| What are the four components of the lymphatic system-go from smallest to largest? | lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic trunks (5), lymphatic ducts (2) |
| A lymphatic capillary is located w/in blood vessel _ _. Their walls are composed of an _. They're larger than blood capillaries, lack a basement membrane, and have overlapping endothelial cells one-way flaps to allow fluid to enter but prevent its loss. | capillary beds, endothelium |
| Moving fluid in lymph. capillaries-increase in __ pressure w/in interstitial space. Increase in pressure pushes fluid into lumen. Pressure exerted by lymph after it enters capillary forces endothelial cells of vessel to close. | hydrostatic |
| Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins b/c both contain all 3 vessel tunics and have __ in their lumen. These __ prevent lymph from pooling in the vessel and help prevent backflow. Especially important where lymph flow is against the direction of gravity. | valves |
| Lymphatic system lacks a pump, therefore it relies on muscle contraction to assist flow back to __ system. | venous |
| Lymphatic vessels feed into lymphatic __ on both the right and left side of the body. Each lymphatic __ removes lymph from a specific major body region; (5) | trunk |
| Lymphatic trunks drain into largest lymph vessels called lymphatic __. There are two of these: right lymphatic __ and the thoracic __. Both of these convey lymph back into the venous blood circulation. | ducts |
| The right lymphatic duct is located near the right clavicle. It receives lymph from the lymphatic trunks that drain the following areas: | 1. right side of the head and neck, 2. right upper limb, 3. right side of thorax |
| The larger of the two lymphatic ducts is the __ __. It extends from the diaphragm inferiorly to the junction of the left subclavian and left jugular veins superiorly. It drains lymph from the remaining areas of the body: | 1. left side of head and neck, 2. left upper limb, 3. left thorax, 4. all of the abdomen, 5. both lower limbs |
| At base of thoracic duct and anterior to L2 vertebra is rounded, saclike structure called __ __. It gets its name from the milky, lipid-rich lymph called __ it receives from vessels that drain the small intestine of the GI tract. | cisterna chyli, chyle |
| Lymphatic vessels connect directly to lymphatic organs called __ __. Foreign or pathogenic material is filterd as lymph pass through these __ __. | lymph nodes |
| Some plasma cells produce soluble proteins called __-binds to and damage foreign particle. Other cells (__) attack/destroy antigens directly. Other cells become __ cells, they remember past antigens and initiate faster response if antigen appears again. | antibodies, cytotoxic, memory |
| Red bone marrow is located within the spaces between trabeculae in selected portions of spongy bone within the skeleton. It is responsible for __. | hemopoiesis |
| Lmyphatic cells (lypmhoid cells) are found in the __ system and __ system. | lymphatic and cardiovascular |
| __ are the most prevalent leukocyte in the blood and the first to arrive during the inflammatory response. __ are cells that reside in tissues throughout the body; the arrive later after response begins and stay longer than neutrophils. | neutrophils, macrophages |
| Neutrophils and macrophages function to engulf unwatned substances such as infectious agents and celluar debris through __. | phagocytosis |
| Lymphocytes consist of T-lymphocytes (_-__), B lymphocytes (_-__), and Natural Killers (_-__) | T-cells, B-cells, NK-cells |
| There are two ways to attack: 1 humoral immunity (antibodies)- _ lymphocytes (2 types) and 2. cell mediated immunity (direct cell attack)- _ lymphocytes (4 types) | B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes |
| NK cells are __ cells. They are not specific to antigens. They can recognize/attack anything. | patrolling |
| When T-cells and B-cells find pathogens/virus/etc. they only respond to those specific pathogens/virus/etc. T or F? | true |
| What are the four main organs in the lymphatic system? | tonsils, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes |
| Name the function of the tonsils. | protect against inhaled and ingested substances |
| Name the function of the thymus. | Site of T-lymphocyte maturation and differentiation |
| Name the function of the lymph nodes. | filters lymph, where immune response initiated against substance in lymph |
| Name the function of the spleen. | filters blood, where immune response initiated against substance in blood; removes aged erythrocytes and platelets; serve as platelet reservoir |
| __ are large clusters of lymphatic cells. Not contained within a capsule (structure). Found in the pharynx. | tonsils |
| The __ is a bilobed organ that is located in the superior mediastinum and functions in T-lymphocyte maturation. Continues to grow until puberty then regresses and is replaced by adipose c.t. Max. weight 30-50g. | thymus |
| The thymus contains a __ (blood-thymus barrier) immature cells and a __ (no blood-thymus barrier) mature cells enter bloodstream. | cortex, medulla |
| The __ is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity. It is tucked under the diaphragm (ribs 9-11). Blood supply via splenic artery/vein. It has no capsule and no cortex/medulla. | spleen |
| The largest lymphatic organ in the human body is the __. | spleen |
| The trabeculae subdivide the spleen into white pulp and red pulp. __ pulp consists of spherical clusters of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages and has central artery. __ pulp contains RBC, WBC, platelets, marcophages, and B-lymphocytes. | white, red |
| The white pulp is a __ station. It scans the blood for foreign particles. | flitering |
| Red pulp is a __ __ for WBC, RBC, and platelets. Venous supply, splenic cords/sinusoids. House, RBC, platelets, plasma cells, and macrophages. | storage house |
| About __% of platelets are stored in the spleen. | 30 |
| __ __ are small, round, or oval encapsulated structures located along the pathways of lymph vessels, where they serve as the main lymphatic organ. They function in the filtering of lymph and removal of unwanted substances. | lymph nodes |
| There are singular lymph nodes throughout the body but there are 3 clusters: what are the clusters and where does lymph flow through? | axillary-> breast/UE, inguinal-> LE/pelvis, cervical-> head/neck |
| The capsule of a lymph node is composed of connective tissue that both encapsulates the node and sends internal extensions into it that are called __ (w/sinus). C.T. provides pathway through which blood vessels and nerves may enter the lymph node. | trabeculae |
| The lymph node regions deep to the capsule are subdivded into an outer __ (sinus and nodules) and inner __ (cords and sinuses). | cortex, medulla |
| A __ is a malignant neoplasm that develops from lymphatic structures. Presents nontender, enlarged lymph node, often in neck/axillary region. Some symptoms: night sweats, fever, and weight loss. Grouped into two categories: Hodgkin __ and non-Hodgkin __. | lymphoma |
Created by:
khinson