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Anatomy Ch. 26
Ch. 26 Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| From its origin at the ileocecal junction to its termination at the anus, the lg intestine has an approximate length of __ feet and a diameter of about __ inches. | 5, 2.5 |
| As the transverse colon approaches the __ in the upper left quandrant of the abdomen, it makes a 90-degree turn inferiorly. The resulting bend in the colon is called the __ __ flexure. | spleen, left colic |
| Important accessory digestive organs are the __, the __, and the __. | liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
| Which organ is responsible for the elimination of wastes in the form of feces? | large intestine |
| The internal opening where the cardia meets the esophagus is called the __ orifice. | cardiac |
| The tunics comprising the GI tube wall from innermost to outermost are the __, __, __, and __ or serosa. | mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia |
| At specific locations along the GI tract, the inner circular muscle layer is greatly thickened to form a __. | sphincter |
| The three phases of swallowing are the __ phase, the __ phase, and the __ phase. | voluntary, pharyngeal, and esophageal |
| The __ is the small, narrow, superior entryway into the stomach lumen from the esophagus. | cardia |
| The inferior convex border of the stomach is the __ curvature, while the superior concave border is the __ curvature. | greater, lesser |
| The superior surface of the fundus contacts the __. | diaphragm |
| The superior esophageal sphincter is closed during inhalation of air, so air does not enter the __ and instead enters the __ and trachea. | esophagus and larynx |
| The mouth is the initial site for __ digestion (via mastication) and __ digestions (via an enzyme in saliva). | mechanical, chemical |
| The __ duct connects the gallbladder to the __ bile duct. | cystic, common |
| The haptic portal vein carries blood from the capillary beds of the __, __, and __. | pancreas, GI tract, spleen |
| __ innervation inhibits digestive system activity, and it tends to do the opposite of __ innervation. | sympathetic, parasympathetic |
| The parasympathetic changes in activity induce __ and an increase in GI __ flow. | vasodilation, blood |
| Three pairs of multicellular salivary glands are located external to the oral cavity: the __, __, and __ glands. | parotid, submandibular, and sublingual |
| Accessory digestive organs include the __, tongue, __, liver, __, and __. | teeth, pancreas, salivary glands, and gallbladder |
| The teeth are collectively known as the __. | dentition |
| The __ concentrates bile produced by the __ and stores this concentrate until it is needed for digestion. | gallbladder, liver |
| The gallbladder has three regions: the __, __, and __. | body, fundus, neck |
| The superior, middle, and inferior __ __ form the wall of the pharynx. | pharyngeal constrictors |
| The liver is covered by a __ tissue capsule and a layer of __ peritoneum, except for a small region on its diaphragmatic surface called the bare area. | connective, visceral |
| The __ system includes organs that ingest food, mix and propel the ingested materials, add secretions to facilitate digestion of these materials into smaller usable components, absorb necessary nutrients into the blood, and expel waste products from body. | digestive |
| The digestive system performs six main functions: | ingestion, motility, secretion, digestion, absorption, elimination |
| __ is the introduction of solid and liquid nutrients into the oral cavity. It's the first step in the process of digesting and absorbing nutrients. | ingestion |
| __ is a general term describing both voluntary and involuntary muscular contractions for mixing and moving materials through the gastrointestinal tract. | motility |
| __ is the process of producing and releasing fluid products such as digestive enzymes, acid, and bile into the gastrointestinal tract. These secretions facilitate digestion. | secretion |
| __ is the breakdown of ingested food into smaller structures that may be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. | digestion |
| __ digestion occurs when ingested material is physically broken down into smaller units by chewing and mixing without changing their chemical structure. | mechanical |
| __ digestion involves specific enzymes to break chemical bonds to change larger complex molecules into smaller molecules that can then be absorbed. | chemical |
| __ involves both passive movement and active transport of digested molecules, electrolytes, vitamins, and water from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph. | absorption |
| __ is the expulsion of indigestible components that are not absorbed. | elimination |
| The digestive system has two separate categories of organs: those composing the __ __, and the __ digestive organs. | gastrointestinal tract, accessory |
| The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is also called the __ tract or __ __. Organs form continuous tube that includes oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and ends of anus. It is about __ feet in length. | digestive, alimentary canal, 30 |
| "Movement" through GI tract: __-pushing through (via muscular contraction) and __-mixing with intestinal secretions. | peristalsis, segmentation |
| Acid, bile, and __ digest food. __ and water = mucus (protects lining). | enzymes, mucin |
| The __ __ or mouth is the entrance to the GI tract. Food is ingested into the oral cavity, where it undergoes the initial processes of mechanical and chemical digestion. | oral cavity |
| The __ forms the superior boundary or roof of the oral cavity and acts as a barrier to separate it from the nasal cavity. | palate |
| The anterior 2/3 of the palate is the __ palate. It is formed by the palatine processes of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones. It exhibits prominent transverse palatine __ or friction ridges. | hard, folds |
| The posterior 1/3 of the palate is the __ palate. It is made of __ muscle. Extending inferiorly from the posterior part is a projection called the __. | soft, skeletal, uvula |
| When you swallow, the __ palate and __ elevate to close off the posterior entrance into the nasopharynx and prevent ingested material from entering the nasal region. | soft, uvula |
| The inferior surface, or floor, of the oral cavity houses the __. It is formed primarily from __ muscle. Both extrinsic and intrinsic muscles move this. | tongue, skeletal |
| Numerous small projections called __ cover the superior surface of the tongue and are involved in the sense of taste. The posteroinferior region of the tongue also contains round masses of lymphatic tissue called the __ __. | paipllae, lingual tonsils |
| The inferior surface of the tongue attaches to the floor of the oral cavity by a thin vertical mucous membrane called the __ __. | lingual frenulum |
| The __ manipulates and mixes ingested materials during chewing and helps compress the partially digested materials against the palate to assist in mechanical digestion. It also perform important functions in both swallowing and in speech production. | tongue |
| The tongue manipulates food into __-mass of partially digested food. | bolus |
Created by:
khinson