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How was the Byzantine similar to the classical Roman Empire?
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Like Rome, who did the Bynzantine continue to fight with?
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Chapter 10
Unit 3 - Byzantine and Western Europe
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How was the Byzantine similar to the classical Roman Empire? | They had the same roads, military, centralized bureaucracy, and laws. |
| Like Rome, who did the Bynzantine continue to fight with? | Persia and later Muslims |
| What two new things did the Byzantine introduce that was different from Rome? | A new government system and a new idea of caesaropapism. |
| What did the new government system in the Byzantine do? | Let individual generals raise their own armies to protect land. |
| What was caesaropapism? | A new idea that combined the head of the Church and the state. |
| How was the Byzantine church different from the Roman Catholic Church? | The Byzantine was more urban and connected with the government. The Catholic Church was independent. |
| Who were the Catholic Church more diverse with? | Germans, Celts, and Italians |
| When did the Byzantine Empire begin? | When Constantine founded Constantinople and split Rome. |
| What did the Byzantine manage to do after Rome fell? | Stay together |
| Who did the Byzantine have advantages over? | The west. |
| What advantages did the Byzantine have over the west? | They were richer, more urban, had a better army, was smaller and easier to rule, and had tight political authority. |
| What two bodies of water did the Byzantine have access to that gave them an advantage over the west? | The Black and Mediterranean Seas. |
| Who was the emperor of the Byzantine a rep for? | God |
| What was the Byzantine all about? | Collecting txes and keeping order. |
| Even though the Byzantine collected taxes and wanted to keep order, what did they not start? | Conquests |
| What happened to the Byzantine Empire after 1085 and why? | It shrank because it was invaded by Catholic Crusaders and Turkic Muslims. |
| Who invaded the Byzantine Empire after 1085, causing it to shrink? | The Catholic Crusaders and Turkic Muslims |
| Who was the Catholic Church mostly independent from, unlike Eastern Orthodox? | Political authority. |
| Who was the Byzantine emperor? | "The Caesar", the pope and head of state. |
| What happened when the church became part of the government in the Byzantine? | The pope/head of state could do anything he wanted with it. |
| In the Eastern Orthodox Church, what language became the language of religious practice? What was it used instead of? | Greek became the language instead of Latin, which was used in the Roman Catholic Church. |
| What language was used in the Roman Catholic Church? | Latin |
| More so than in the West, what did Byzantine thinkers seek to formulate? | A Christian doctrine in terms of Greek philosophical concepts. |
| What did the Byzantine disagree on? Why? | The Trinity. They had a different faith, reason, and icons. |
| What Church did the Byzantine Empire have? | Eastern Orthodox Christianity |
| What church did Western Europe have? | Roman Catholic Church |
| How do the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholocism differ in the Holy Spirit? | The Eastern Orthodox says it proceeds from the Father, the Catholic Church says it proceeds from the both the Father and Son. |
| What icons do the Byzantine people pray to and why? | Icons were pictures of sinats and holy figures, and they prayed ot them to get a prayer boost. |
| How were Eastern Orthodox priests different from Catholic priests? | In the Orthodox, they had long hair and beards and could marry. In the Catholic, they couldn't marry, shaved their heads, and had to be celibate. |
| What did the Eastern Orthodox think of the Pope in Rome? | That he wasn't over all Christians |
| With whom did the Byzantine continue the long-term struggle with? | The Persian Empire |
| What was the Byzantine a central player in? | The long-distance trade of Eurasia. |
| Who did the Byzantine have commercial links with? | Western Europe, Russia, Central Asia, the Islamic world, and China. |
| What did the Byzantine Empire preserve and who did they transmit it to? | Much of the ancient Greek language, and it was transmitted to both the Islamic world and the Christian West. |
| Where did Byzantine religious culture spread widely to? | The Balkans and Russia among Slavic-speaking peoples. |
| Where did the Catholic Church take over once, and for how long? | Constantinople for fifty years. |
| Who did the Byzantine Emperor rival for power? | The pope. |
| What led to the 1054 Schism? | Rivalry among the Pope and Byzantine emperor, the crusades pressing on Constantinople, and the difference in language, philosophy, and church practices in their cultures. |
| Who were Cyril and Methodius? What did they do? | Two Eastern Orthodox missionaries who developed an alphabet based on Greek that could write Slavic languages. |
| What was the alphabet that Cyril and Methodius made called? | The Cyrillic script. |
| What did the Cyrillic script lead to? | It allowed the Bible and other religious texts to be converted easier. |
| What religion did Prince Vladimir adopt? | Eastern Orthodox Christianity |
| What religions did Prince Vladimir consider before deciding on Eastern Orthodox Christianity? | Judaism, Islam, Roman Catholicism, and Greek Orthodoxy. |
| Why did Prince Vladimir reject Islam? | Islam prohibited alcohol, and drinking was the joy of the Ruses. |
| What did Kievan Rus borrow from the Byzantine? | Architectural styles, the Cyrillic alphabet, the extensive use of icons, a monastic tradition stressing prayer and service, and political ideas of imperial control of the church. |
| What does monastic mean? | Monks and nuns. |
| What did the monastic traiditon from the Byzatine stress? | Prayer and service |
| What political ideas did Byzantium have? | Imperial control of the Church. |
| Who proclaimed the doctrine of a "third Rome"? | Russian leaders |
| What happened with the first Rome? | It betrayed Christianity |
| What happened to the second Rome? Where was it? | It was Constantinople and was sacked by Muslims. |
| What was the third Rome? What was it supposed to be? | Moscow. The final protector of the correct "Orthodox" Christianity. |
| What do they call making the Romes to protect the Orthodox? | The Russification of Eastern Orthodoxy. |
| What happened outside of Italy in Western Europe when the Roman Empire collapsed? | Long-distance trade dried up and money exchange gave way to barter in many places. |
| Why did long-distance trade dry up in Western Europe after the Roman Empire collapse? | Roman roads deteriorated. |
| What else happened in Western Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire? | There was a decline in literacy, the population dropped 25%, and it became more rural. |
| What replaced the Roman order in Western Europe? | Regional kingdoms and warlords. |
| What did the regional kingdoms and warlords keep? | Many Roman laws |
| What did some of the regional kingdoms and warlords try to do? Did it work? | Try to get something like the Roman Empire again. It didn't work. |
| What took hold in Western Europe? | The feudal system |
| What do vassals do in the feudal system? | Get land from kings if they promised to protect it in exchange. |
| What did the vassals do since they didn't want to have to work the land in the feudal system? | Made a deal with the peasants. The peasants will on the land for crops and give those crops to the vassals to sell, and in exchange, they got to live on the land. |
| What are peasants and vassals also known as? | Peasants - serfs Vassals - Knights |
| What influenced the feudal system? | Roman slavery |
| Who was Charlemagne? | The first Holy Roman Emperor |
| What does Charlemagne mean? | Charles the Great |
| When was Charlemagne coroneted, or made emperor? | Christmas day, 800 |
| What did Charlemagne do? | United parts of France, Germany, and Italy |
| What did everybody think when Charlemagne united France, Germany, and Italy? What happened instead? | They thought it was the new Roman Empire, but it soon split. |
| What are similarities between the Roman Catholic Church and the Buddist establishment in China? | Both got wealthy and lost their way, citizens followed their rulers into the Church, and both spread due to stories of miracles. |
| What were some of the miracles that were told that helped spread both Buddhism and Roman Catholicism? | Healing, rainfall, fertility, and victory in battle. |
| What did the Roman Catholic Church have to deal with? | Considerable range of earlier cultural practices. |
| Who did the Roman Catholic Church have to regard to when dealing with the considerable range of earlier cultural practices? | The conversion of Western Europe to Christianity. |
| What did the Roman Catholic Church adopt? | Many things that fit in with pagan ideas. |
| What did amulets and charms get on them in the Roman Catholic Church? | Pictures of Jesus and Mary |
| Where did the Roman Catholic Church place its churches and why? | On sacred pagan placves to make pagans see churches as holy. |
| Why was December 25th chosen for Christmas? | To keep pagans from partying on the Winter Solstice in the 300s. |
| What was the spreading of Christian faith? What was it like? | It was a hybrid, just like the new political framewok of European civilization. |
| What happened to the population Europe after 1000, during the High Middle Ages? | It increased. |
| What happened to trade in Europe after 1000, during the High Middle Ages? | There was more long-distance trade and trading centers began in France. |
| What happened to the towns in Europe after 1000, during the High Middle Ages? | They grew back strong with merchants, doctors, and scholars. |
| What began to form in Europe after 1000, during the High Middle Ages? | Guilds |
| What is a guild? | Local organizations of workers with a goal to promote the profession to the government and the community. |
| What jobs did women in Europe have between the 11th and 13th centuries? | They wove, brewed, milled, mid-wifed, laundered clothes, prostituted, and were nuns. |
| What happened to the guilds by the 15th century? | Women's guilds were gone, and men's guilds didn't allow women to join. |
| What did the men run in Europe? | The brothels |
| Why did women lose a lot of work by the 15th century? | Technology such as animal grain mills and large looms that were too heavy for women to use. |
| What did the Crusades do for Europe? | Led to them becoming globally aware and some limited but prolonged global trade. |
| Who traveled and where because of the Crusades? | Missionaries, travelers, and merchants traveled as far as India, China, and Mongolia. |
| What is a crusade? | A war that God told someone to fight. |
| Who authorized crusades? | The Pope. |
| What did the Pope give to fighters that were in the Crusades? | Indulgences |
| What is an indulgence? | A get out of purgatory free card. |
| Who could people use indulgences for? | Themselves or dead people they liked. |
| What were the most famous Crusades aimed at doing? | Taking back Jerusalem and holy places associted with the life of Jesus from Islamic control and returning them to Christendom. |
| What did the Crusades win? What happened to what was won? | They won back four small Christian areas in Isreal, Turkey, but they lost them shortly after. |
| Where were some other crusades at? | Spain (Iberian Peninsula), Constantinople/Istanbul (Turkey), and Russia. |
| What place did the crusades not really change? | The Middle East |
| What did the Crusades do for the popes? | Gave them super-control. |
| What did the Crusades do for cultural barriers? | Made them stronger. |
| What did the Crusades do for European's contact? | Opened it with the larger world. |
| What concepts did Europe take as a result of the Crusades, and where were they from? | Scientific, philosophical, and mathematical concepts from Arabs, Greeks, and India. |
| What did Western Europe find as a result of the Crusades? | Old Greek texts that ARabs had preserved. |
| What did Western Europe get from China as a result of the Crusades? | Paper, gunpowder, and horse use, all indirectly. |
| What did Muslims think of the Europeans? | They thought they were barbarians. |
| What did the Crusades do for Europe as a whole? | Caught them up with the rest of the world by the 1500s/ |
| What would Europe and Christianity eventually new? | Take over the world over the next 500 years. |
| What did the crusading movement by Western Europeans not do? | Bring the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christian Chruch closer together. |
| What did European empire building do, especially in the Americas? | Continued the crusading ntion that "god wills it". |
| Leaders in Europe could get anything they wanted as long as...? | God said it was alright. |
| What did Europe do by 1500? | Caught up with, and in some areas, surpassed China and the Islamic world. |
| What new technology did Europe have in the area of agriculture? | Heavy-wheeled plow, horseshoes, horse collar, and three-field crop rotation. |
| What new technology did Europe have in the area of arts of war and sea? | Gunpowder, magnetic compass, stern-post rudder, all from China, and the lateen sail from the Arabs. |
| What were the Europeans the first to do with gunpowder? | Use it for cannons. |
| What was Europe unable to achieve? | The kind of political unity that China experienced. |
| Why was Europe unable to achieve the kind of political unity that China experienced? | They had geographic barriers, ethnic and linguistic diversity, shifting power, and not a strong empire. |
| What was shifting power in Europe from? | Different states rising and falling. |
| What impact did Europe not being able to achieve political unity have on later history of the European mulit-centered political system? | It created tons of conflicts among states and caused them not to be a strong empire. |
| What did the struggle among the elites in Europe do? | Elevated the European urban-based merchant class. |
| In Europe, what did the kings, warrior aristocrats, and the Church always fighting cause? | Merchants to get a lot of power without having to fight. |
| What did the European-based merchant class do, and who didn't know about it? | They made laws and appointed official in cities without the kings knowing. |
| What did the independence of the urban-based marchant class lead to? | Merchants become more rich and pwerful and also capitalism. |
| What classes were more important in China, compared to in Europe? | The landowners and officials. It was merchants in Europe. |
| What did the government in China control? | The salt and iron industries. |
| What did China do to the merchants? | Limited most things that they did. |
| Who was the 13th century theologian that thoroughly integrated Aristotle's ideas into a logical and systematic presentation of Christian doctrine? | Thomas Aquinas |
| What did Thomas Aquinas do? | Integrated Aristotle's iadeas into a logical and systematic presentation of Christian doctrine. |
| What did the 1000's in Europe bring? | Universities and intellectual life. Also the application of reason to medicine, law, and nature. |
| What did the Arabs find? | Aristotle's and other's books. |
| What was the foundation of the universities in Europe in the 1000s? | Aristotle's view of logic and reason. |
| What did Byzantium focus mainly on? | Antiquity works of humanities, not philosophies. |
| Who did the Byzantines and Muslims not really trust? | The pagan ancient Greeks. |
| Who was originally into Aristotle and Greek ideas? What happened? | The Muslims. It challenged their faith and as they grew more powerful, they dropped it altogether. |
| What happened to the Byzantine Empire in the seventh century C.E.? | It lost large swaths of its territory along the coast of North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean. |
| In the seventh century, who did the Byzantine Empire lose large swaths of territory to? | Arab forces |
| What did the rapid expansion of the Islamic/Arab empire include? | The conquest of substantial Byzatine territories. |
| What survived in the Eastern Mediterranean until roughly 1200? | A more compact Byzantine Empire |
| What did the Byzantine Empire remain as until roughly 1200? | A major force in the Eastern Mediterranean |
| What happened to the Byznatine after 500 C.E.? | They were substantially weakened by invasions. |
| Who substantially weakened the Byzantine after 500 C.E.? | The Arabs, Crusaders, and Turks. |
| Where did the vikings raid? | Along the coasts and up the navigable rivers of Western Europe. |
| Who did vikings often trade with? | The Byzantine Empire. |
| What did the vikings often trading with the Byznatine do? | Caused the vikings to have a much less destructive impact on the Byzantine. |
| What did the Crusades lead to? | Western Christendom conquering the Muslim regions of the Iberian peninsula. |
| Who did Western Christendom conquer? | The Muslim regions of the Iberian peninsula. |
| What did the Crusades to the Holy Land have little long-term political impact on? | The Islamic world. |
| What did the Crusades directed towards Islamic regions of the Iberian peninsula lead to? | The permanent conquest of those regions. |
| Who conquered the Muslim regions of the Iberian peninsula? | Western Christendom. |
Created by:
1213CaitlynMullins
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