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Western
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| No response of the pupil | CNII, CNIII Optic/Oculomotor |
| Corneal reflex | CNV, CNVII trigeminal/facial sharpen the cotton ball |
| Opens the eyelid | CNIII Oculomotor |
| Closes the eyelid | CNV trigeminal |
| Inability to stick out the tongue | CNXII Hypoglossal |
| Deviation of the tongue | CNVII Facial |
| Chewing | CNV facial |
| Gag reflex | CNX, CNIX vagus, glossopharyngeal |
| Voice production | CNX, CNIX vagus, glossopharyngeal |
| Control BP, HR, respiration | CNIX, CNX glossopharyngeal vagus |
| Swollowing | CNIX glossopharyngeal |
| Mixed Motor-Sensory CN | 9, 10, 12, 5, 7 |
| Lateral spinothalamic tracts | Crude touch, temperature, pain |
| Anterior spinothalamic tracts | Crude touch, pressure |
| Fasciculus gracilis | fine touch, vibrations, proprioception from lower part |
| Fasciculus cuneatus | fine touch, vibrations, proprioception from upper part |
| Spinocerebellar tracts | conveys info to the cerebellum about limb and joint position |
| Lateral corticospinal tracts | voluntary mvmt; contralateral limbs |
| Anterior corticospinal tracts | voluntary mvmt of ipsilateral limbs |
| Reticulospinal tracts | help to maintain posture, control voluntary mvmt, modulate pain impulse |
| Rubrospinal tracts | main mediator of voluntary mvmt, large muscle mvmt and fine motor |
| Tectospinal tracts | head and neck mvmt related to visual reflex |
| Vestibulospinal tracts | posture and balance |
| Pineal gland belongs to __; secretes ___ | both CNS and endocrine system melatonin |
| melatonin is responsible for | body cycle including menstrual cycle |
| Hypothalamus ____ hormones | releases |
| Hypothalamus is responsible for | sense of temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, circadian cycle |
| Posterior pituitary gland secretes | oxytocin and ADH |
| Cerebellum controls | fine movement coordination balance and equilibrium muscle tone |
| Cerebellum problems (trauma/virus) can cause the condition __ | ATAXIA: (1) Sudden uncoordinated mvmt (2) Walking problems (unsteady gait) (3) Nystagmus (4) Clumsy speech |
| deep tendon reflex BICEPS | C5,6 |
| deep tendon reflex BRACHIORADIALIS | C6 |
| deep tendon reflex TRICEPS | C7 |
| deep tendon reflex PATELLA | L4 |
| deep tendon reflex ACHILLES | S1 |
| Abdominal reflex is a ____ reflex, controlled by nerves ___ | superficial T9-T12 T10- level with umbilicus |
| Phrenic nerves are ___ and the supply the ____ | C3-C5 diaphragm muscle Pt dies of respiratory paralysis |
| Other name for Herpes Zoster___ | Shingles |
| Herpes Zoster is caused by | vericella zoster virus of chickenpox |
| Herpes Zoster stays in | dorsal root ganglion |
| Sx of Herpes Zoster | painful eruptions of red swollen plaques rupture and crust in 2-3 weeks 4-5 days before the eruptions: pain, burning, itching of the affected dermatome |
| Adrenergic fibers are axons that release ___ | Norepinephrine Sympathetic |
| Cholinergic fibers are axons that release ___ | Acetylcholine Parasympathetic + some sympathetic |
| Adrenergic receptors have 2 kinds ____, ____ | a-receptors (constriction) and b-receptors (dilation) |
| Dermatomes leveles C5 | clavicle |
| Dermatomes leveles C5,6,7 | lateral of upper limbs |
| Dermatomes leveles C8, T1 | medial of upper limbs |
| Dermatomes leveles C6,7,8 | hand |
| Dermatomes leveles C6 | thumb |
| Dermatomes leveles C8 | ring and little fingers |
| Dermatomes leveles T4 | nippples |
| Dermatomes leveles T10 | umbilicus |
| Dermatomes leveles T12 | inguinal/groin |
| Dermatomes leveles L1,2,3,4 | anterior and inner of lower limbs |
| Dermatomes leveles L4,5, S1 | foot |
| Dermatomes leveles L4 | medial of great toe |
| Dermatomes leveles S1,2, L5 | posterior, outer of lower limbs |
| Dermatomes leveles S1 | lateral margin of foot + little toe |
| Dermatomes leveles S2,3,4 | perineum |
| chemicals released during inflammation | histamine, seratonin, bradykinin |
| Cardinal signs of inflammation | calor dolor tumor rubor |
| Relapsing fever (typhinia) is caused by and transmitted through ___ and ___ | Borrelia louse and tick |
| Most common type of skin cancer is | basal cell carcinoma |
| Basal cell carcinoma most often appears on | nose and face |
| Squamous cell carcinoma appears on | sun-exposed areas: scalp, forehead, back of the hands, top of the ears |
| Melanoma is a ____ skin cancer | malignant |
| Criteria to diagnose melanoma | ABCDE: asymmetry, border, color, diamiter, elavation |
| Kaposi sarcoma is an ___ diosrder in ____ patients | opportunistic, AIDS |
| Sx of Kaposi sarcoma | purple papules, quickly spread to the lymph nodes and internal organs |
| bones in adults participate in blood production | ribs, vertebrae, humerus, pelvis, femur |
| Osteoarthritis is _____ disorder | non-inflammatory |
| Osteoarthritis occurs in ____ joints | weight-bearing hips, lumbar spine, knees |
| Osteoarthritis produces ____ nodes and ____ nodes | Heberden's Distal Interphalangeal joint deformity Bouchard's Proximal interphalangeal joint deformity |
| Osteoarthritis is treated by | NSAIDs aspirin, ibuprofen, COX-2 inhibitors |
| Sprain is a ____ injury | ligament |
| Rheumatoid arthritis affects ____ of the body | both sides |
| Rheumatoid arthritis may cause systemic complications like | pericarditis |
| Orthopedic exams for thoracic outlet syndrome | Adson's Wright's Roos |
| Hernniated disc test | bilateral leg lowering |
| frozen shoulder test | Apley Scratch test |
| Biceps long head pathology test | Speed's test |
| Biceps long head tendon pathology test | Yergason's |
| Lateral collateral ligament test | Varus |
| Medial collateral ligament test | Valgus |
| Carpal tunnel tests | Tinel's Phalen's |
| DeQuervain's tenosynovitis test | Finkelstein's wrist pain |
| Anterior cruciate ligament test | Anterior Drawer Lachman |
| Posterior cruciate ligament | Posterior Drawer |
| Meniscus test | McMurray's |
| Strain is a ____ injury | muscle |
| Myositis is | muscle inflammation |
| Fibromyositis is | tendon inflammation with muscle inflammation |
| In Parkinson's Dz _____ decreases and ____ increases | dopamine, acetylcholine |
| Multiple Sclerosis is a ______ | demyelination @ brain and spinal cord |
| Multiple Sclerosis Sx (4) | (1) weakness (2) loss of coordination (3) visual impairment (4) speech disturbances |
| According to TCM MS can be diagnosed as (2) | (1) External dampness (2) KD deficiency |
| Pupil constriction drugs (5) | (1) Alcohol (2) Morphine (3) Heroine (4) Demerol (5) Methadone |
| Pupil dilation drugs (5) | (1) Cocaine (2) Atropine (3) Marijuana (4) LSD (5) Amphetamines |
| SLE causes pain on _____ joints ____ deformity | peripheral joints, without deformity |
| SLE causes ______ Dz in KD | glomerulonephritis |
| SLE can be diagnosed by ____ test | ANA |
| SLE causes (3) | (1) butterfly rash (2) photosensitivity (3) oral ulcers |
| Sjogren syndrome is ___ Sx: (2) More common in ___ | autoimmune disease (1) keratoconjunctivitis sicca- inflammation of cornea and conjunctiva (sicca=dry) (2) xerostomia- dry mouth females |
| Scleroderma is an ____ disease characterized by ___ destruction and _____ of the skin and ____ | autoimmune disease small vessels destruction and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs |
| Scleroderma antibodies (3) | (1) Antinuclear Ab ANA (2) Antibody to Scl 70 (3) Rheumatoid factor |
| Scleroderma Sx (8) | (1) Raynaud phenomenon (2) edema @ fingers and hands (3) Polyarthralgia (4) "Stone facies" - mask-like face (5) Dysphagia (6) Dyspnea -major cause of death (7) Ventricular arrhythmia, malignant HTN (8) progressive renal failure |
| Renal stones can be formed by (3) | (1) uric acid (2) calcium oxalate (3) calcium phosphate |
| Elevated TSH levels indicates | hypothyroidism ? |
| Schilling test for Pernicious anemia involves collecting the ___ | urine |
| High pitched grade 4/6 sound @ S3 may indicate ____ | Left ventricular failure |
| Which BMI is considered obese | greater than 30 |
| Mammogram for women over 40. How often? | every year |
| Tennis elbow is ______ epicondylitis | lateral |
| Myasthenia gravis Sx | ptosis |
| Patient's records belong to | |
| Which type of anemia is associated with heavy menstrual bleeding | iron-deficiency anemia |
| the best food source for folic acid is | asparagus |
| (R) Hypochondriac pain causes (4) | (1) Cholecystitis/cholelithiasis (2) Carcinoma of GB (3) Hepatitis (4) Carcinoma of Liver |
| (L) Hypochondriac pain causes (2) | (1) Acute pancreatitis (2) Chronic pancreatitis |
| Cholecystitis/cholelithiasis risk factors | Female Forty Fat |
| Cholecystitis Sx (4) | nausea vomiting sweating pain to (R) scapula |
| Acute pancreatitis Sx (3) | nausea vomiting pain to the (L) scapula |
| Chronic pancreatitis is more common in | male |
| Chronic pancreatitis Sx | better w/ crouching forward or lying prone |
| WBCs increase in (4) | (1) infection (2) inflammation (3) cancer (4) leukemia |
| WBCs decrease in (2) | (1) autoimmune Dzs (2) bone marrow failure |
| RBCs increase in (3) | (1) diarrhea (2) dehydration (3) burns |
| Mean Corpuscular Volume increase in (2) decrease in (2) | Folic acid/B12 deficiency Iron def/thalassemia |
| basophils (2) | (1) histamine (2) allergies |
| eosinophils (1) | parasites |
| BUN levels | [7-20] |
| Increase in BUN indicates (4) besides KD problems | (1) CHF (2) Heart attack (3) Hypovolemia (4) GI bleeding |
| Decrease in BUN indicates (2) | (1) LR failure (2) malnutrition |
| Creatinine level | [0.8-1.4] |
| CO2 level | [20-29] |
| increase in CO2 indicates (4) | (1) breathing disorders (2) Cushing's (3) Vomiting (4) hyperaldosteranism (Cohn's Dz) |
| decrease in CO2 indicates (3) | (1) Addison's (2) diarrhea (3) Acidosis |
| Glucose level | [64-128] |
| Fasting blood glucose is measured | 8 hours after fasting |
| Calcium daily intake is | 1000 mg/day |
| TSH is used to identify ______ | primary hypothyroidism (due to thyroid gland dysfunction) |
| T3 is used to diagnose ____ | hyperthyroidism |
| T4 increased in ___ decreased in ___ | hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism |
| ALP is found in (5) | liver, bones, placenta + KD/Int |
| AST is found in (6) | RBCs, liver, heart, muscles, pancrease and KD |
| AST/ALT ratio determines | what orhan is diseased |
| Myasthenia Gravis is a ______ ______ disease which affects the ___ | chronic, autoimmune disease affects the muscles |
| Etiology of Myasthenia Gravis | Autoimmune antibodies are produced in the body they destroy acetylcholine receptors required for the muscle contraction |
| Myasthenia Gravis first attacks the _____ muscle causing___ | eyelid, leadingt to ptosis |
| Myasthenia Gravis may cause a life-threatening condition when the _____ muscles are involved | respiratory |
| Myasthenia Gravis is more common among | women between 20 and 40 and 50 and 70 |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm risk factors (7) | (1) smoking (2) HTN (3) High cholesterol (4) male (5) Obesity (6) Emphysema (7) Genetic factors |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture signs | Nausea and Vomiting Pain radiating to the buttock, legs and groin region clammy skin rapid HR shock |
| Findings in abdominal aortic aneurysm may include (3) | mass/lump in the abdomen abdominal pulsation stiff/rigid abdomen |
| Doctor may order ___ and ____ to diagnose asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm | CT scan; Ultrasound |
| Kidney disease pts on dialysis requires to take more ____ in the diet | proteins: meats, poultry, seafood and cheese |
| Kidney disease pts may build up high levels of ____ in the blood called ____ Plus high levels of ____ Leading to _____ problems | potassium; hyperkalemia phosphorus HT |
| Nephrotic syndrome signs | facial edema with eye swelling in the morning |
| Atrophic glossitis/Smooth tongue may appear in | Vitamin B2, B3, B9, B12, B6 or iron deficiency. Also in pts undergoing chemotherapy |
| Obstructive breathing diseases (3) | asthma chronic bronchitis COPD |
| Sign of obstructive diseases is | prolonged exhalation |
| Cheyne-Stokes breathing is | periods of deep breathing alternating with apnea |
| Biot's breathing is an _____ | ataxic breathing- unpredictable irregularity |
| Sensory info about taste of anterior 2/3 is CN? | CN VII |
| Secretion of tears and saliva is relied on CN? | CN VII |
| Normal respiratory rate range | |
| Mitral valve is between | L atrium and L ventricle |
| Tricuspid valve is between | R atrium and R ventricle |
| Lungs' lower borders are Front Axilla Back | 6th ICS 8th ICS 10th ICS |
| Liver upper border landmarks are ___ lower border landmarks are ___ | 5-6th ICS; 10-11th ribs |
| Spleen is located | left side 9-11th ribs |
| ____ KD is higher and is located ____ | Left T11-L2 |
| Spinal cord teminates @ | L1/L2 |
| Vertical anatomical levels C6 | beginning of trachea/esophagus |
| Vertical anatomical levels C7 | lymph drainage |
| Vertical anatomical levels T1 | apex of Lungs |
| Vertical anatomical levels T4 | arch of aorta |
| Vertical anatomical levels T9 | xiphoid/sternal angle |
| Vertical anatomical levels T10 | esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm |
| Vertical anatomical levels L2 | end of spinal cord ovarian/testicular artery |
| Vertical anatomical levels L3 | inferior mesenteric artery |
| Vertical anatomical levels L4 | iliac crest umbilicus |
| Nerve @ KI3 | tibial nerve |
| Nerve @ PC3/6 | median nerve |
| Nerve @ GB30 | sciatic nerve |
| Nerve @ ST12 | brachial nerve plexus |
| Nerve @ LR5 | saphenous nerve |
| Artery @ KI3 | tibial artery |
| Artery @ HT1 | axillary artery |
| Artery @ LI4/LU9 | radial artery |
| Artery @ SP12 | femoral artery |
| Artery @ ST9, ST10 | carotid artery |
| Artery @ LI17, LI18 | carotid artery |
| Artery @ ST42 | dorsal foot artery or pedis dorsalis |
| Addison's Dz will cause decrease in blood ____ and increase in___ | decrease in glucose, increase in potassium dehydration with weight loss |
| Human Papilloma virus causes | Genital wart: small, soft, moist, pink/red swellings |
| positive Brudzinski's sign indicates | meningitis |
Created by:
sanjok