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L C Nutrition
Leaving Cert Nutrtion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| AMINO ACID | is the basic building block of protein |
| ANABOLIC | a chemical reaction where small molecules join together to make larger molecules e.g. photosynthesis |
| BIOMOLECULES | are chemicals that make up living things. They are made up of elements such as carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N). |
| CALCIUM Symbol (Ca). | It is an element needed to make bones, teeth, plant cell walls and in clotting blood |
| CARBOHYDRATES | are chemicals such as sugars and starches that give energy to living things. They contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). [Formula Cx (H2O) y]. |
| CARBON Symbol (C). | It's an element that is found in all living things. |
| CATABOLIC | a chemical reaction where larger substances are broken down into smaller molecules e.g. digestion |
| CELLULOSE | is a large carbohydrate. It makes plant cell walls and is very strong walls. |
| COPPER Symbol (Cu). | It is a trace element |
| DISACCHARIDE | is a substance that has two sugar units e.g. maltose is made up of two glucose units |
| FAT | is a solid lipid. E.g. butter. It gives us energy, stores it and keeps us warm. |
| FATTY ACIDS | are long carbon (C) chains found in fats |
| FIBRE | This (roughage) is cellulose. We cannot digest it. It keeps the faeces moving e.g. found in fruit and vegetables (plant cell walls). |
| GLUCOSE | a simple sugar (C6H12O6). It is the main supplier of energy in the body |
| GLYCOGEN | is a stored polysaccharide (chain of sugar units) found in animal cells e.g. muscle cells. |
| IRON Symbol (Fe). | It is an important part of haemoglobin (red pigment) in blood - lack of iron (Fe) in the blood causes anaemia |
| LACTOSE | is a sugar molecule made up of one galactose unit and one glucose unit (disaccharide). It is found in milk. |
| LIPID | is another word for fats, oils and waxes |
| MAGNESIUM Symbol (Mg). | An element needed to make chlorophyll |
| MALTOSE | a sugar molecule made up of two glucose units (disaccharide) |
| METABOLISM | all of the chemical reactions which take place in any living thing |
| MINERAL | These are dissolved salts. They are needed for healthy bodies e.g. calcium salts help form bones |
| MONOSACCHARIDE | is the simplest form of sugar made up of one sugar unit e.g. glucose |
| NITROGEN Symbol (N). | it makes up about 80% of the air but is of little use as gas. It is needed to make proteins and DNA |
| NUTRIENTS | these are the chemicals needed to enable living things to live and grow. |
| PEPTIDE | a small chain of amino acids - a small part of a protein |
| PHOSPHORUS Symbol (P). | It is an element which is needed to make bones, ATP and DNA |
| POLYPEPTIDE | is a chain of many peptides |
| PROTEIN | is a long chain of amino acids folded up to form 3-D shapes. Each protein has a different job. |
| STARCH | this is a food molecule where large numbers of sugar molecules have been joined together |
| TRACE ELEMENTS | these are elements which are necessary for health. They must be present but are needed in very tiny amounts |
| VITAMIN | is a chemical which is essential for life but which a living organism cannot make for itself. Vitamins must be obtained from food usually in very small amounts |
| ZINC Symbol (Zn). | It is a trace element. It has many uses but in biology can be part of many active sites on enzymes. Sometimes used in first aid plasters to speed up healing. |
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PDST Biology
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