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Pumping Apparatus
Pumping Apparatus chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| First goal of the driver operator is to get the apparatus and its crew to the scene in an ____,yet____ and ____ | expedient yet safe and efficient manor |
| Statistic compiled annually by the NFPA historically show that ____ % to ___% of all FF injures and deaths in the U.S. are caused by vehicle collisions while responding to or returning from emergency calls | 20 to 25 |
| ____ firefighter deaths per year caused be vehicle collisions and rollovers | 25 |
| The data shows collisions at ____ are by far the most frequent and the most severe | intersections |
| United states dept of transportation studies have indicated that about ____ number of civilians are killed annually in apparatus related collisions | equal |
| ___ principals reduce wear and tear and extend the life cycle of the apparatus | Sound Driving |
| _____ conducted the first study. it was centered on the 1,079 known providers of EMS in in the state of Pennsylvania. During one year, ____ collisions involved EMS vehicles. Most occurred in broad daylight on dry roads | Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 212 |
| The _____ conducted the second study .This study looked at 1,412 EMS vehicle collisions that occurred over a four year period. The results were very similar to the IUP study | New York State Dept of Health EMS Program |
| IUP study - Daylight ____ Dusk/dawn____ Night____ Unknown____ | )Daylight 108 (51%) Dusk/dawn 23 (11%) Night 58 (27%) Unknown 23 (11% |
| IUP Study Dry road ____Wet Road____Snow/Ice___ Muddy Road___ Unknown_____ | Dry Road 130 (61%) Wet Road 22 (10.5%) Snow/Ice 28 (13%) Muddy Road 1(0.5%) Unknown 32(15%) |
| NY Study Daylight ____ Dusk/dawn____ Night____ Unknown____ | )Daylight 825 (70%) Dusk/dawn 52 (5%) Night 283 (24%) Unknown 12 (1% |
| NY Study Dry road ____Wet Road____Snow/Ice___ Muddy Road___ Unknown_____ | Dry Road 89 (63%) Wet Road 352 (25%) Snow/Ice 90 (6%) Muddy Road 4(1%) Unknown 77(5%) |
| Fire apparatus collisions can be grouped into fire basic causes | 1. Improper backing of apparatus, 2. Reckless driving by public, 3. Excessive speed by the fire apparatus driver, 4. lack of driving skill and experience by the fire apparatus driver, 5. Poor apparatus design and maintenance |
| A large % of collisions occur while ____. While they are seldom serious in terms of injury or death, they do account for a significant portion of overall damage costs | Backing the vehicle |
| Backing collisions occur while reloading hose or backing into the station. one fatality occurred as recent as ___ in ___ when a FF was run over while taking photos of the rear of the apparatus as it was being backed into the station | 2004, Pennsylvania |
| Reckless driving by the public occurs in may forms. Some of the more common problems include what 5 problems | 1. Failure to obey posted traffic regulations or directions, 2. Failure to yield to emergency vehicles, 3. Excessive speed, 4. Unpredictable behavior created by panic reaction to an approaching emergency vehicle, 5. Inattentiveness |
| Excessive speed may lead to one of the two following types of collisions | 1. Control of the apparatus is lost on a curve or adverse road surface, witch may cause the vehicle to leave the road, roll over r strike another vehicle or object 2. The D/O is unable to stop in time to avoid a collision |
| There is momentary lag before the ___ commonly used on fire apparatus activate; therefore, it may take slightly longer to stop a fire apparatus equipped with ____ brakes than a vehicle equipped with ___ Brakes | Air Brakes, Air, hydraulic |
| 5 factors that may contribute to collisions | 1. Overconfidence in driving ability 2. Inability to recognize dangerous situation 3. False sense of security because of good driving record 4. Misunderstanding of apparatus capabilities 5. Lack of knowledge how to operate controls in an emergency |
| ___ and ___ have been attributed to many serious fire apparatus collisions | Poor vehicle design and maintenance |
| _____ water tenders have had a high incident of serious collisions | home built |
| Keep in mind a gallon of water (___ pounds) weighs more than a gallon of gasoline or fuel oil (___pounds and ___ pounds) | water 8.33 pounds, gasoline 5.6 pounds, fuel oil 7.12 pounds |
| Several fatal fire apparatus collisions have been traced back to improperly maintained apparatus ___ | braking systems |
| Lack of driving skill by driver operators may be attributed to a number of factors, including ___and___ | insufficient training and unfamiliarity with the vehicle |
| Driver operators of the fire apparatus are regulated by federal laws, state or provincial motor vehicle codes, ____,_____ and departmental policies | city ordinance, NFPA standards |
| Emergency vehicles are generally ____ from laws that require vehicles to stop for school buses that are flashing signal lights to indicate that children are boarding or disembarking | not exempt |
| A driver operator who does not obey applicable driving regulations can be subject to ___ and ___ prosecution if the apparatus is involved in a collision | criminal and civil |
| If the driver operator s negligent in the operation of an emergency vehicle and becomes involved in a collision, both the ___ and ___ may be held responsible | driver operator and the dept |
| Before any other duties can be performed, driver operator must be able to start the vehicles and drive them in a ___ and ___ manner | safe and efficient |
| Unless the apparatus is equipped with a ____ let it idle as long as possible before putting it into road gear for non emergency response this could be __ to ___ minutes and for emergency response it may be only a few seconds | block heater, 3 to 5 |
| When starting the apparatus under any condition the first thing the D/O needs to know is ____ | where the apparatus is going |
| Starting Vehicle step one | Disconnect all ground shore lines and exhaust |
| The ___ contained in diesel emissions have been found to be carcinogenic in laboratory studies | benzene derivatives |
| Starting vehicle step two | Turn on vehicle battery or batteries |
| Most fire apparatus are equipped with __ vehicle batteries | 2 |
| The battery switch may have four settings | Off, battery 1, battery 2, and both |
| New apparatus may have a simple ___ for batteries | on/off switch |
| Starting vehicle step 3 | Start the engine |
| The driver operator should start the engine with the drive transmission in ____ and the ___ should be set | neutral (N) and the parking brake should be set |
| Starting Vehicle step 4 | Observe the apparatus gauges. Make sure all gauges on dashboard move into their normal operating ranges |
| the starter controls should be operated in intervals of no more than ___ with a rest of ___ between each try if the vehicle does not start | 30 seconds, rest of 60 seconds |
| Duel starter controls are used on apparatus equipped with | two batteries |
| If the oil pressure gauge does not indicate any reasonable amount of oil pressure within ___to___ seconds of starting the apparatus, stop the engine immediately | 5 to 10 seconds |
| Starting vehicle step 5 | Adjust the seat, mirrors, and steering wheel |
| On sharp curves or when turning corners, shift standard transmission into ___ gears before entering the curve or intersection | lower |
| Engine speed faster than rated rpm can result in _____,_____,____,and_____ | valves hitting pistons, increased oil consumption, damage requiring overhaul, and injector plug seizure |
| Gear shift position 1 | Starting gear for initial forward movement |
| Gear shift position 2 | Need for speed control requiring a hold condition such as descending a steep grade or operation on rough terrain |
| Gear shift position 3 | Operating in heavy traffic |
| Gear shift position 4 | Moderate grades and over the road operation with moderate speeds |
| Gear shift position 5 or overdrive | Normal load, grade, and traffic conditions with open road ahead |
| Driver operators of apparatus with automatic transmissions should be aware that the ___ placed upon the accelerator influences automatic shifting | pressure |
| Once at speed stay at the ___ gear that allows the apparatus to keep up with traffic and still have some power in reserve for acceleration | highest |
| ____ occurs when the throttle is applied while the transmission is in too high a gear for a given set of conditions | Lugging |
| Do not allow the engine RPM to drop below ___ torque speed if lugging does occur | Peak |
| When ____ occurs with diesel engine more fuel is being injected than can be burned | over throttling |
| Avoid allowing the engine to over speed as the result of improper downshifting or hill descent in an effort to prolong engine life. Choose a gear that allows the engine to operate at ___ or ___ lower than maximum recommended rpm | 200 or 300 rpm |
| Before braking the driver operator should consider the ___and ____,___,and___ | the weight of the apparatus, and the condition of the brakes, tires, and road surface |
| The clutch should not be disengaged while braking until ____ of travel. this practice is particularly important on ____ because and engaged engine allows more control of the apparatus | last few feet of travel, slippery surfaces |
| Long idling periods can result in the use of __ gallons of fuel per hour | 1/2 |
| When the engine must be left idling for extended periods of time because of ____ or ____, set the idle at___ to ___ rpm rather than lower speeds | cold weather or during flood light operations. 900 to 1,100 rpm |
| Never shut down engine while the apparatus is in motion because | this cuts off fuel from the injectors |
| Allow engine temp to ___ before shutdown | stabilize |
| A hot engine should be idled until cooled. an idle period of __to___ min is recommended | 3 to 5 |
| shutting down apparatus step 1 | Place transmission in park or neutral once the apparatus is parked in or near the desired shutdown location |
| Shutting down apparatus step 2 | Set parking brake |
| Shutting down apparatus step 3 | Allow engine to idle and cool down 3 to 5 min |
| Shutting down apparatus step 4 | turn off apparatus |
| Shutting down apparatus step 5 | turn battery switch off |
| Shutting down apparatus step 6 | Reconnect all ground shores and exhaust hose |
| The first element in learning to drive safely is to develop a ____ | safety conscious attitude |
| ____ requires that a seat and seat belt be provided within the cab or body of the apparatus for every FF who is expected to ride the vehicle | NFPA 1901 Standard for automotive fire apparatus |
| ____ specifically states that all riders must be seated and belted | NFPA 1500 Standard of fire dept occupational health program |
| 3 exceptions to the seated and belted requirements | 1. providing pt care in back of ambulance. 2. loading hire hose onto apparatus. 3. training for personnel learning to drive tiller |
| When loading hose per NFPA 1500 the apparatus must be driven in a forward direction at a speed no greater than ___ MPH | 5 |
| When loading hose per NFPA 1500 Members in hose bed must___or___ while the apparatus is moving | sit or kneel |
| ____ prohibits FF from riding on tailboard, front bumper, or running boards of any moving apparatus | NFPA 1500 |
| Dept SOP should require when backing at least one FF and preferably 2 behind the apparatus to act as spotters. One spotter should _____ and and be positioned on the driver side approximately ____ | be equipped with a radio, one vehicle length behind |
| If no backing warning device ______ before starting to back vehicle | sound horn twice |
| ______ are one of the most important aspects of safe driving | Sound defensive driving skills |
| Every driver should be familiar with the basic concepts of defensive driving. They include 1._____ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6.______ | 1. anticipating other drivers actions. 2. estimating visual lead time, 3. knowing braking and reaction times. 4. combating skids. 5. knowing evasive tactics. 6. having knowledge of weight transfer. |
| _____ are the most likely place for a collision involving an emergency vehicle | intersections |
| Fire apparatus on emergency response may proceed through a red traffic signal or stop sign only after_____ | coming to complete stop |
| Driving in oncoming lanes is ____ in situations where oncoming traffic is unable to see the apparatus for any reason | not recommended |
| Never assume what another driver actions will be expect the unexpected. _____ is the key to safe driving | Anticipation |
| Some depts train their drivers to practice looking ____ ahead on city streets and ____ ahead on highways and estimating where they will be in that time | 12 seconds , 20 seconds |
| ____ is the sum of the driver operators reaction distance and the vehicles braking distance | total stopping distance |
| _____ is the distance a vehicle travels while a driver is transferring the foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal after perceiving the need for stopping | reaction distance |
| ____ is the distance the vehicle travels from time the brakes are applied until the apparatus comes to a complete stop | breaking distance |
| other factors that influence drivers ability to stop the apparatus 1____ 2._____3.______.4_____ | 1. Condition and slope of the driving surface 2.Speed being traveled 3. Weight of the vehicle 4.type and condition of the vehicles braking system |
| ___,____,____ provides the optimal stopping surface | flat.dry.paved road |
| ABS works when a wheel begins to lock up. A sensing device sends a signal to a computer. Comp sends signal reducing brake pressure & allows the wheel to turn Once wheel turns it is braked again The comp makes decisions more than __ until the vehicle stops | 20 times per second |
| In vehicles equipped with air brakes, there is a momentary delay approx ____ in the time from which the driver pushes down on the brake until sufficient air pressure is sent to the brake to operate | 0.4 seconds |
| The fist type of auxiliary braking system is the ____ type. These were commonly installed on apparatus built before the mid ____ | front brake limiting valve, 1970's |
| ______/_____ switches worked by reducing the air pressure on the front steering axle by 50% when the switch was in the ____ road position | dry road/ slippery road, Slippery |
| After adoption of the _____ of 1975 by the US government, few trucks were equipped with dry road/ slippery road switches | Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 121 |
| With the dry road/ slippery road switch in the slippery road position, the braking capabilities were actually reduced by _____ | 25% |
| Automatic traction control (ATC) helps improves traction on slippery roads by | reducing drive wheel over spin |
| Automatic traction control works automatically in two ways 1. when a drive wheel starts to spin the ATC _______. 2. when all drive wheels begin to spin the ATC_______ | 1. applies air pressure to brake wheel. this transfers engine torque to the wheels with better traction 2. reduces engine torque to provide improved traction |
| Always travel in the ____ lane on multilane roads. | innermost |
| Avoid passing vehicles on the ___ side | right |
| Avoid passing other emergency vehicles if possible. If a small apparatus must pass a large apparatus, the lead vehicle should______ to allow other vehicle to pass this maneuver should be coordinated by radio | slow down and move to the right |
| automatic tire chains tend to lose their effectiveness in snow that is deeper than ____ | 8 inches |
| It takes ___to____ times more distance for a vehicle to come to a complete stop on snow and ice than does on dry conditions | 3 to 15 times |
| In normal conditions the __ switch should be unlocked. Move to lock when approaching slippery roads. You must lift foot from accelerator when activating __ Do not activate switch while one or more wheels are slipping or spinning because of damage to axle | inter axle differential lock |
| Studies have shown that civilian drivers respond better to sounds that frequently ____ | change pitch |
| At speed above ____ and emergency vehicle may out run the effective range of its audible warning device | 50 mph |
| A study conducted by the staff of _____ concluded that a siren operating on an emergency vehicle moving at 40 mph can project ____ feet in front of the vehicle | Drivers Reaction Course, 300 feet |
| At speeds of 60 mph the vehicles siren is only audible ____ or less in front of the vehicle | 12 feet |
| When more than one emergency vehicle is responding along the same route, units should travel at least ____ to ___ feet apart | 300 to 500 feet |
| White lights can be readily distinguished during daylight hours. For this reason ___ should be turned o while responding | headlights |
| A ____ moving quickly across the back of the window of a vehicle may get the drivers attention. The ___ should not be left shining on the vehicle because this binds the driver | spot light |
| One of the simplest traffic control devices is _____ so the apparatus can exit safely | placing a traffic signal in front of the fire station to stop the flow of traffic |
| A common system for controlling traffic signals for the fire apparatus is the _____. | preemption device , |
| Some preemption device systems use ____ (___)mounted on the apparatus to activate sensors in the traffic light. In some jurisdictions the traffic light may be equipped with a ____ light that indicates the signal is revived and a green light is coming | strobe lights (emitters) , white light |
| Some traffic control systems use a microphone on the traffic signal to hear a siren to give a green light. The microphone may be adjusted to order the preemption from distance of ___ to ___. | a few hundred feet to about 1/2 mile |
| Intersections equipped with microphone, inter sections will have 3 inch white and blue lights in each direction. when the signal is received the emergency vehicle gets a ___ light indicating a green light is coming, all other directions get a __ light | White,------- Blue light indicating an emergency vehicle coming from one of the other direction has gained control of the signal first |
| ___ provides some specific directions on how driver operators candidates should be tested | NFPA 1002 |
| All fire apparatus training and testing should follow the requirements contained in ____ | NFPA 1451 Standards for fire service vehicle operations training program |
| The written exam for driving operator may include questions pertaining to the following areas 1.______2_____3_____4_____5_____ | 1. All applicable driving regulations fro emergency and non emergency situations. 2.Departmental regulations. 3.Hydraulic calculations 4. Specific operational questions regarding pumping. 5. dept SOP |
| ____ specifies a number of practical driving exercises that driver operator candidates should be able to successfully complete before being authorized to drive the apparatus | NFPA 1002 |
| Alley dock The boundary line for the restricted area should be ____ wide similar curb to curb distance | 40 feet |
| Alley dock Along one side and perpendicular is another simulated area ___ wide and ___ deep | 12 feet and 20 feet |
| ____ tests the driver operator ability to move the vehicle backwards within a restricted area and into a fire station or similar area without striking the walls and to bring the vehicle to a smooth stop close to the rear wall | Alley Dock |
| An alternative to the traditional alley dock exercise is | The apparatus station parking maneuver |
| The apparatus station parking maneuver in this exercise an apparatus bay is simulated by allowing a ___ minimum setback from the street that is ____ wide | 20 foot, 30 feet |
| The apparatus station parking maneuver A set of barricades are positioned ___ feet apart at the end of the set back to simulate a garage door opening. This garage bay should be ___ feet longer than the apparatus | 12 feet , 10 feet longer |
| ____ test procedure has the driver operator moving past the setback area (which is on the left) backing the apparatus making a left turn in reverse through the setback area & into the apparatus bay area This should be repeated from the opposite direction | The apparatus station parking maneuver |
| Serpentine Course markers should be between ___ and ___ feet apart | 30 and 38 feet |
| Serpentine first the driver operator is required to drive the apparatus along the ___ side of the markers in a straight line and stop just beyond the last marker | left |
| Serpentine Driver must back between markers by passing on the ___ of #1, to the ___of #2 and ___ of #3 at this point the driver drives forward between the markers by passing the ___ of #3 __ on # 2 and __ on #1 | Left of #1, right of #2, and left of #3 at this point the driver drives forward between the markers by passing the Right of #3 left of # 2 and right on #1 |
| The ____ exercise tests the driver operator ability to turn the vehicle 180 degrees within a confined area | Confined space turnaround |
| Confined space turnaround may be performed in a area ___ wide by ___ long | 50 feet wide by 100 feet long |
| Measures a driver operators ability to steer the apparatus in a straight line, to judge distances from wheel to object, and stop at a finish line | Diminishing clearance |
| Diminishing clearance course is arranged by two rows of stanchions that form a lane ___ feet long | 75 feet |
| Diminishing clearance the lane narrow fro a width from ___ to a diminishing clearance of ____ | 9 feet 6 inches to 8 feet 2 inches |
| Diminishing clearance At a point ___ feet beyond the last stanchion, the driver must stop with the front bumper within ___ inches | 50 feet, 6 inches |
Created by:
turneyj