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Ch 5-9
Government
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are political parties? | Seek to control the government through winning elections and the holding of public office |
| t/f the Republican and Democrat parties are principle and issue oriented | false- election oriented |
| 5 major functions of Parties? | 1.nominating candidates 2.informing and activating supporters 3.Bonding Agent Function 4.Governing 5.Acting as a watchdog |
| describe Nominating candidates | selecting and nominating candidates and presenting them to voters |
| describe Informing and Activating supporters | informing voters of issues and taking stands, so they can attack their opponents position. They inform them to their advantage. |
| describe Bonging agent function | (watching own party) choosing candidates to ensure good performance of its candidates and officeholders |
| describe Governing | Public office holders can govern, Partisanship - strong support of their parties and its policy stands, providing a basis for the conduct of government (separation of powers), Constitutional change, appointments are made with considerations to party. |
| describe acting as a watch dog | (watching other party) party out of power criticizes party in power. Watch over publics' business. |
| What is a two-party system | A political system dominated by two major parties |
| 4 reasons for a 2 party system | 1.Historical Basis 2.Force of Tradition 3.Election system 4.American Ideological Consensus |
| Historical basis for a 2-party system | When the constitution was written, the Framers could no longer control political parties. They did not know that two political parties would arise. |
| force tradition for a 2-party system | People accept the two-party system because that is how they have always known it. |
| What helps to maintain our election system in a 2-party system | Single member districts - only one candidate is elected. Bipartisan - two parties find common ground and work together. Plurality - largest number of votes wins. |
| American Ideological consensus of a 2-party system | Over time, American people have shared many of the same ideals, basic principles, and patterns of belief. |
| t/f membership in a party is involuntary (meaning you have to do it) | false |
| person not belonging to a political party is called a ___ | independent |
| 3 major reasons people belong to a party | 1.family 2.major events 3.economic status |
| founder of the Federalist Party | Alexander Hamilton |
| founder of the Democratic/Republican party (Jeffersonian Party) | Thomas Jefferson |
| what party won: 1800-1860 | democrats |
| what party won: 1860-1932 | Republicans |
| what party won: 1932-1968 | democrats |
| what party won: 1968-present | new era |
| what are the 4 types of minor parties? | 1.ideological parties 2.single-issue parties 3.economic protest parties 4.splinter parties |
| describe the ideological party | Based on a particular set of beliefs - EX: Socialist and Communist |
| describe the single issue party | Focus on only one public-policy matter EX: Free-soil (slavery) and No Nothing Party (against immigrants) |
| describe the economic protest party | Rooted in periods of discontent (disappeared) EX: Greenbacks and Populist |
| describe the splinter party | Those who have split away from major parties. EX: Bull Moose (Broke away from Rep. Teddy Rosv.) and Dixiecrats (broke away from Democrats) |
| why are minor parties important? | - Help offset the votes and take away some of the votes from the majority parties. They also help draw attention to the major issues the majority parties ignore. |
| favoring one party | Partisan |
| favoring both parties | Bi-Partisan |
| favoring neither party | non-Partisan |
| - Why minor parties play several important roles | 1.Spoiler Role 2.Critic 3.Innovator |
| what is the spoiler role minor parties play? | § Takes away votes from major parties so the other major party wins |
| what is the critic role minor parties play? | § Forces parties to take a stand on issues that the parties ignore |
| what is the innovator role minor parties play? | § Come up with new issues and ideas that come into our system |
| t/f political party's are decentralized | true |
| explain decentralization | disjointed/no connected |
| two parts of gov. that are decentralized | federalism and nominating process |
| why is federalism decentralized | - The goal of the majority parties is to get control over the government and so they aren't really connected to the major issues of the state or federal governments |
| why is the nominating process decentralized | - They put the same parties against each other when nominating to be a candidate so they fight each other rather than focus on the important issues. |
| 4 basic elements on the nation level (National Party machinery) | 1.national convention 2.national committee 3.national chairperson 4.congressional campaign committee |
| explain the national convention | - Pick the parties president and vice president candidates and they also adopt the party's rules |
| explain the national committee | - Chairmen/women from all 50 states from each political party; they help stages the national convention |
| explain the national chairperson | - Leader of the national committee and they help raise money, recruit voters and get reader for the next national convention |
| explain the congressional campaign committees | - Help to reelect office positions and make sure the seats given up are replaced by someone in their political party. central committee |
| at the state level, the party machinery is built around a state _____ headed by a ___ | central committee; state chairperson |
| 7 offices filled by the local machinery | 1.congressional districts 2.legislative districts 3.counties 4.cities 5.townships 6.wards 7.precints |
| what are the 3 components of the party | 1.party organization 2.party in the electorate 3.the party in government |
| explain the party organization | ppl who give their time and money to help support the party(national, state, local) |
| explain the party electorate | Ppl who regularly vote for the party |
| explain the party in government | people who hold office from the party in the 3 branches |
| list 5 factors that contribute to the present weakened state of parties | 1.people are more independent 2.split-ticket (vote 4 different parties and different offices) 3.parties are more open, but not as organized 4.technology changes like advertising 5.single-issue organizations (take a stand on certain issues) |
| - Why 3rd partied failed to win elections? | 1. Little support for their ideas 2. One or both major parties take up their ideas 3. Election laws |
| what is an interest group? | private organization that tries to shape public policy |
| 3 names for interest groups | 1.pressure groups, special interest and organized interest |
| what is public policy | all of the goals that a government pursues in that many areas of human affairs. Ex: seatbelt, speed limits, flood control, military force |
| name 3 things about public policies | 1. Nominate candidates for office 2.Interested in winning the election and controlling government. (interested in: who)3. Concerned with the whole range (issues) of public Affairs and concerns of voters |
| name 3 things about interest groups | 1. Do not pick their own candidates; but supports a candidate that seeks to run 2. Controlling or influencing polices (interested in: what) 3. Concerned with issues that directly affect their members (specific issues) |
| 6 functions of interest groups | 1.raise awareness of policies that threaten or promote policies 2.the ppls ideas rather than where they live 3.back up statements with data 4.similar interest come together 5.keep tabs on public agencies 6.seek to advance own interest |
| 4 criticism of interest groups | 1.Smaller (but powerful) have more influence than lager (less powerful) 2.How many people a group represents can be deceiving; only affects a small amount of people. 3.Notrepresent the view ofthe entire group 4.Use briary,to undermine political system |
| Explain Interest Groups’ three major goals in influencing public opinion. | 1. To inform the public on information that helps to boost their party 2. Provide a positive image for their group 3. Promote a particular public policy that supports the interest of the group |
| What is Propaganda? | - A technique of persuasion aimed at influencing individual or group behaviors (Commercials- try to sell) |
| goal of Propaganda | - Create a particular belief |
| How do Interest Groups try to influence Political Parties and Elections? | - Try to influence the behavior of political parties ○ Keeping close ties with one political party ○ Active in party affairs ○ Try to play both fields so they don't create an enemy ○ Raise moneyfor political parties |
| What is Lobbying? | - Influence the decisions of the legislators or the legislative process |
| How do Lobbyists try to persuade Legislators and other policy makers to share their point of view? | - Testify before legislative committees - Pressure the legislative by getting people to email, write letters or call to support their ideas. are considered an "expert" so the legislators often listen to their opinion. |
| suffrage means _____ | right to vote |
| what are civil rights? | god given rights |
| what are political rights? | right you qualify for |
| what is the electorate | potential voting population |
| how many people are in the electorate | 220 million |
| 5 restrictions on how States can use voting power | 1. All qualified voters can vote 2.No state can deprive a person from voting due to race or color 3.No state can deprive a person from voting due to gender 4.No state can have a poll tax 5.No state can deprive a person from voting if they are 18 or older |
| 3 qualifications to voting in Ohio | U.S. Citizen, 18 yrs. Old, Resident of Ohio for 30 days |
| The Word “IDIOT” came to our language from the Greek. In Ancient Athens idiots were those Citizens who | did not vote or take part in public life nor knew anything about government or politics. |
| In 2004 (Chart p.165) there were an estimated ______Million persons of voting age, yet only ____% actually voted in the Presidential Election. | a. 215.7 million b. 56.7% |
| - They don't care who wins the election because they believe no matter who wins the country will stay the same | ○ There is a difference some can help and some can hurt |
| - People don't trust political institutions and processes and elections are meaningless | ○ They aren't all crooks. Then you should vote for people that you think aren't crooks. |
| Do not believe their votes have an impact on what the government does | ○ Every vote counts- don't know it won't count till after the election |
| - Apathy- don't care | no argument |
| only voting for one straight political party | Straight-Ticket Voting |
| voting for more than one political party | Split-Ticket Voting |
| not affiliated with either political party | Independent |
| _____absentee ballot ○ Do not need a reason | no fault |
| - Get into office 2 steps | 1.nomination 2.general election |
| where the field of candidates is narrowed | nomination |
| voters make the final choice | general election |
| 2 types of election | 1.primary election 2.general election |
| 2 types of primary election | closed open |
| what is a closed election | registered party member |
| what is an opened election | select office holders |
| - Cost of Campaign | ○ Radio and TV ○ Campaign managers and consultants ○ Newspaper advertisements, pamphlets, buttons, and yard signs ○ Travel ○ Mass mailing |
| selection office holders | general election |
| nominating election | primary election |
| The Nominating Process is the process of _______ | candidate selection |
| There are FIVE ways in which nominations are made. | 1.self-announcement(announce to public-smallest) 2.caucus(small group comes together to select candidate) 3.Convention(large group nominate candidates) 4.direct primary(election within party-party picks candidates) 5.Petition(public nominates and picks) |
| When are the General Elections held? | - The Tuesday after the first Monday in November |
| smallest geographic voting districts | precinct |
| place where voters in the precinct vote | polling place |
| what people use to vote in an election | Ballot |
| candidates are grouped together under the office title | office-group ballot |
| candidates are grouped together according to party | Party-Column Ballot |
| who determine which ballot? | state (ohio office) |
| 7 types of funding for elections | 1.small contributors ($5-10) 2.Wealthy individuals(millions) 3.Candidates(millions) 4.Various nonparty groups (PAC) 5.Temporary Organizations(fundraising) 6.Government subsidies 7.Party Fund Raising Events |
| What are Political Action Committees (PAC)? | - Seek to affect the making of public policy and the outcome of elections Ex: labor unions or AFL-CIO (interest groups) |
| What is the role of PACS? | - Raise money for political campaigns |
| What is “SOFT MONEY”? | - Funds given to party organizations for candidate recruitment, voter registrations, and get-out-the-vote drives (not regulated) |
| The United States Supreme Court has struck several federal limits on campaign contributions as violating the donor’s right of _____ | expression |
| What is "hard money" | money is regulates by Federal |
| raise and spend unlimited amount of money not allowed to coordinate directly with candidates (independent) | Super Pacs |
| - Loopholes in the Law | soft money |
| What is Public Affairs: | politics, public issues, and the making of public policies (concern the public) |
| what is public opinion | attitudes held by significant number of people on matters of government and politics. |
| 1) Major factors that shape Public Opinion: | family, job, school, gender, media, peer groups, opinion leaders, historical events |
| ○ Devices that attempt to collect information by asking people questions | opinion polls |
| ○ Polls that ask the same question to a large number of people. § Talk show radio where people call in | Straw Vote |
| ○ Pollster interviews a certain number of randomly selected people who live in a certain number of randomly selected places. | random sample |
| Margin of errors | + - 3% |
| What are the MAJOR sources of political information in the United States? | ○ Television- A majority of people watch TV so it is very convenient and it is easy to keep people informed ○ Newspaper- They cover stories in greater depth than the TV ○ Radio- easy to listen to in the car Magazines |
| What FOUR factors limit the impact of the Mass Media on American Politics? | 1.only few people actually follow public affairs 2.ppl would rather be entertained than watch political things 3.radio/tv skim news 4.newspaper more interested in sports |
Created by:
lax5