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Sociology Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Perspective | A particular point of view |
| Sociology | The scientific study of social structure (patterned social behavior) |
| Sociological Perspective | A view that looks at behavior of groups, not individuals |
| Social Structure | The patterned interaction of people in social relationships |
| Sociological Imagination | The ability to see the link between society and self |
| Positivism | The belief that knowledge should be derived from scientific observation |
| Social Statics | The study of social stability and order |
| Social Dynamics | The study of social change |
| Bourgeoisie | Class owning the means for producing wealth |
| Capitalist | Person who owns or controls the means for producing wealth |
| Proletariat | Working class; Those who labor for the bourgeoisie |
| Class Conflict | The ongoing struggle between the bourgeoisie (owners) and the proletariat (working) classes |
| Mechanical Solidarity | Social dependency based on a widespread consensus of values and beliefs, enforced conformity, and dependence on tradition and family |
| Organic Solidarity | Social interdependency based on a high degree of specialization roles |
| Verstehen | Understanding social behavior by putting yourself in the place of others |
| Rationalization | The mind-set emphasizing knowledge, reason and planning |
| Theoretical Perspective | A set of assumptions accepted as true |
| Functionalism | Approach that emphasizes the contributions made by each part of society |
| Manifest Functions | Intended and recognized consequences of an aspect of society |
| Latent Functions | Unintended and unrecognized consequences of an aspect of society |
| Dysfunction | Negative consequence of an aspect of society |
| Conflict Perspective | Approach emphasizing the role of conflict, competition and constraint within a society |
| Power | The ability to control the behaviors of others |
| Symbol | Anything that stands for something else and has an agreed upon meaning attached to it |
| Symbolic Interactionism | Approach that focuses on the interactions among people based on mutually understood symbols |
| Dramaturgy | Approach that depicts human interaction as theatrical performances |
| Auguste Comte | Considered to be the founder of sociology. He was the first to advocate the scientific study on society. Believed in Positivism. |
| Harriet Martineau | Emphasized sociology as a science and introduced feminism. Her profound deafness prevented her earning a living as a teacher so she became an artist |
| Herbert Spencer | Was an early proponent of Social Darwinism and evolutionary change. Was against social reform. |
| Karl Marx | Was the social scientist who underscored the importance of conflict in social change. Parts of his writings were later used as a basis for communism. Bourgeoisie and Proletariat. |
| Emile Durkheim | Was the first sociologist to use statistical methods in the study of human groups. He was also the first to teach a university sociology course. |
| Max Weber | His model of bureaucracy reflected greatly increased efficiency in business and government. Today however, bureaucratic is often used as a synonym for unimaginative, plodding, or despotice |
| Jane Addams | A social reformer who spent her life working on the social problems created by the imbalance of power among the social classes |
| W.E.B Du Bois | Focused on the question of race inside and outside the United States. |
Created by:
jrossdix