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B1 AdaptEvol&Gen

Edexcel B1 Adaptations, Evolution and Genetics

QuestionAnswer
Explain why brown eyes parents can have a blue-eyed baby Because both parents may carry the recessive blue eyes gene; the gene does not show in the parents because they also have the brown eye gene.
Explain why 100% of babies from a HOMOZYGOUS brown eye parent will have brown eyes Because the HOMOZYGOUS parent will give the baby a dominant gene, so whatever the partner gives the baby, the baby always will have brown eyes
Explain why 25% of babies from heterozygous brown-eyed parents will be blue-eyed Parents each have Ee genotypes: their gametes are either "E" or "e"; The genotypes of the babies will be EE; Ee; Ee and ee. Only the "ee" baby has blue eyes
Name the curve that looks like a bell Normal Distribution curve
State 2 genetic variations Eye colour; ability to roll tongue
What were the 2 pieces of evidence that Darwin used? Finches and Fossil record
Explain why the evidence from fossil record is not so good Very long gaps between fossils
Biodiversity The variety of plants and animals
Variation Differences in features of living organisms. For example: eye colour, height, etc...
Key A diagram that contains a set of questions. It can be used to name a living organism
Continuous Variation A variation like weight or height that can be measured with a (decimal) number
Discontinuous Variation A variation like eye colour or ability to roll tongue, where the response can only be from a small choice (blue or brown, etc..)
Acquired characteristic A feature that is changed by the environment rather than inherited by your parents
Adaptation A feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment.
Genetic variation Differences in features of living organisms that are caused by genes.
Speciation Formation of a new species.
Habitat The place where an organism lives
Hydrothermal vents places deep under sea where water is heated by magma and where hot gases come out.
Normal distribution curve A graph with the shape of a bell: most values are in the middle; very few on the extremes
Characteristic A feature of an organism
Survival of the fittest The theory that states that only animals that are best adapted to their environment will survive.
Competition When organism "fight" for the same resource: water, food, shelter
Evolution The gradual change that happens over long period of time
Extinction The total wipe-out of a species, where not a single organism survives!
Allele Alternative versions of the same gene. For example the gene for eye colour has two alleles: brown and blue
Chromosomes A long thread of DNA.
Cytoplasm Jelly-like part of the cell where the chemical reactions takes place.
Gene Part of the DNA that codes for a protein (ie it contains the instructions on how to make the protein).
DNA The chemical that makes up chromosomes. A double helix.
Inherited variation A feature inherited from your parents. For example whether you can roll your tongue.
Nucleus part of the cell where the chromosomes are kept.
Cell membrane Thin layer around the cell that controls what goes in and out of the cell.
Dominant The allele that will always "show" (unless there are two recessive alleles). It is represented by a CAPITAL letter.
Gamete A sex cell.
Genetic cross diagram Diagram to show how the alleles of parents combine to make different offsprings.
Genotype The 2 letters that represent the alleles for a given organism. For example, these are 3 different genotypes: Bb or bb or BB
Heterozygous When an organism carries two alleles that are different. For example Bb.
Homozygous When an organism carries two alleles that are the same. For example BB or bb.
Phenotype The feature that will show: for example the phenotype of eye colour is brown or blue
Pollen grain Male plant sex cell
Recessive The allele that will not "show", unless the TWO recessive alleles are present. It is represented by a SMALL letter.
Probability How likely it is to happen. Can be expressed as a ratio or as a percentage.
Punnett square Diagram in the form of a table to show how the alleles of parents combine to make different offsprings.
Cystic Fibrosis Genetic disorder where excess mucus is produced.
Genetic disorder A disease caused by alleles
Pedigree analysis A diagram that shows the genes of members of a family.
Sickle cell disease Genetic disorder where red blood cell are mis-shaped.
Carrier When an organism has a both a recessive allele and a dominant one. The organism is not showing any sign of disease itself.
Malaria A disease carried by mosquitoe and caused by a protist.
Give an example of when two species become separate. Explain how this comes about. When two species are separated geographically, each group may evolve differently. So much that they can not interbreed.
Give the symptoms of Malaria High fever, vomiting, headaches. Can lead to death.
Describe the symptoms of Sickle Cell Anaemia Tiredness, short of breath, pains in the joints
Explain why sufferers of Sickle Cell disease are often short of breath. The red blood cells are "deformed" and they can not carry oxygen correctly.
Explain why sufferers of Cystic Fibrosis are often short of breath. Too much mucus prevents good gas exchange in the lungs
Describe the theory of evolution When the environment changes, only the individuals that are best adapted/best features will survive. These individual pass on the successful genes to their offspring.
Created by: ursulinebio
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