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medical anthro exam
medical anthro exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| culture | learned behavior one acquires as a part of society, allows us to engage creatively with the world around us, is inherently symbolic |
| symbol | something that stands for something else |
| holism | a believe that mind, body, individuals and society are interconnected and can even define each other |
| importance of context | makes all the difference in the world |
| construction of culture | made through interpretation, things don't have a meaning, they are given a meaning |
| how is culture public | it is constructed through social interactions |
| holism | an atttempt to challenge common but problematic assumptions such as the dualism of idealism/materialism, reductionist logic and reasoning, determinisim |
| idealism | view that human mind creates the essence of human nature, i think therefore i am |
| materialism | the physical activite our bodies do make up the essence of human nature, reductionist reasoning: a single set of material factors explain human behavior, leans towards determinist reasoning: one single force causes many complex events |
| theories of knowledge: subjective | linked to idealism, knowledge is constructed |
| theories of knowledge: objective | linked to materialism, the natural world is not the same as human conciousness but the human mind can understand the world as an objective reality apart from the mind |
| ethnocentrism | the belief that your way of living is the best |
| cultural relativism | understanding a culture in its context, don't take it out of context |
| anthropological methods | fieldwork: holistic, participant observation cultural translation (trying to make sense of what you understand), comparisons (concious/unconcious), elements of positivism |
| cultural perspective | everything is influenced by culture |
| biocultural perspective | most things are controlled by culture but somethings, like diseases, are universal |
| difference between a diseases and an illness | disease: a biological malfunction in your body. Illness: how we culturally translate the diesase |
| power of culture in regards to disease | culture transforms what we onsider a disease, if the symptoms are pervasive enough, its no longer considered a disease, just another part of society/culture |
| Among the Wape kinship rituals are often closely associated with ritualized healing ceremonies. Why is this? | show the closeness and tight knit structure of the tribe |
| How does the example of shamanism among the Wape fit with Claude Levi-Struass’s analysis of the shamanistic complex? | strauss emphasizes the necessity of belief in these traditions to have an effect. an example would be that the wape shaman SAID he had wiped out the children from the enemy village but there was absolutely no proof, yet the believed him whole-heartely |
| What is the Wape attitude toward western biomedicine | they'll use it if provided but they don't really think it helps |
| How and why are masks an important part of Wape shamanic rituals? | different masks for differnt disease/demon |
| The video focuses on the exorcism of a demon that has possessed a bachelor. Why did the exorcism fail? | because it had been the wrong demon, they were exorcising for the wrong demon |
| Shamanism involves the performance of a dramatic ritual. How does the ritual itself play a role in healing? | the shaman is supposed to be embodying the hekura, the performance shows that he is actually one with the spirits and not just himself anymore |
| naturalistic ethnomedicine | disease caused by nature, loss of equilibrium, not related ot other misfortune and can be fixed by patient viligance |
| personalistic ethnomedicine | disease caused by supernatural things, caused by an active agent, can have multiple casualties, tied to a person's religion, being fixed is beyond the patient's control |
| medicine | systematic approach to fixing ones health |
| ethnomedicine | how medicine makes sense as a part of a cultural system |
| culture of biomedicine | ontology: mind/body distinction || etiology: mechanical || diagonsis: reduce to singular causes || therapy: attack and destroy the cause |
| body | organic and functional. inanimate and controlled by the mind |
| mind | emotion and though, controls the body |
| psychiatry | confusion between the body and mind, brain is malfunctioning |
| magic | beliefs designed to control visible or invisible world for specific purposes |
| efficacy of magic | magic works if you believe in it, the healer must believe in it, the patient must believe in the healer's power |
| ritual | manipulation of symbols to stimulate belief |
| shamans | link between the natural and supernatural world, weird peope on the edge of reality, santa was a shaman |
| shamanic complex | shaman has a calling (got sick/got hurt/got inspireed) and that gives him the ability to connect with the supernatural environment, shamans need a supporting audience to support your power as a shaman |
| key features of a shaman | able to trance and experience psychosomatic ecstasy, can separate soul from body, can send soul to search for the lost souls of sick people, capture and return lost souls,communicate w spirits, has magical powers |
| phenomenology | eliade: shamanic power comes from psychomatic experiences and the channeling of those experiences |
| structuralism | levi-strauss: shamanic power derives from symbolic structure of rutualic processand manipulation of those symbols to create meaning |
| madness and power of of shamans | its not that they're undergoing a traumatic disease, its that they can control their diseases |
| diseases is supposed to be the soul straying away/being stolen and the treatment is to find they're soul | |
| becoming a shaman | right of passage: separation (break w pervious social status), transition (point of having no social status), reintegration (incorporation into society w new status). apprenticeship w elder shaman: learning the secret and to keep the secret |
| secrets | secrets bestow power, masks, taboos, fetishes, codes and music, all give shape to secrets |
| sayan | korean shaman |
| initiation of a sayan | week of purification, strict diet, 40 days isolation and hypnotic chanting, induces a sense of pwoer in the body |
| quesalid: power of belief | |
| shaman and sorcery | not always the same thing, use the ame kind of power, shamans run the ris of being accused of sorcery |
| vasuta dahuti | cloth cleansing, cleaning the body by swalloing 25ft of clothes soaked in ghee and drinking ghee |
| pathanjali | sage who is said to have written the first yoga sutras, 2nd century |
| origins of india | comes from india, suppposedly comes from mystics that went to the mountains to gain a sense of conciousness |
| purusa | sound of om=the sound that precedes the creation of everything |
| prakriti | the things that make up life |
| rule of yoga | our reality is corrupted |
| purusa + prakriti | creation |
| the 3 gunas | perfection is impossible, constantly searching for balance, must return to the balance of precreation |
| pran | the energy you must manipulate to go back to the balance of precreation |
| swami kublyanand | conducted epxeriments to prove the logical and empirical effects of yoga |
| samadhi | a sate of being not dead or alive, connecting to your transcedental soul self |
| ashtanga yog | the 8 branches of yoga, we focus on asana and pranayama. there's also yama, niyama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana and samadhi |
| yama | moral observances, non violence, no lying stealing, sex, attachment or possession |
| niyama | self disipline, contentment, purity, austerity |
| hatha yoga | forceful yoga, what you commonly see in america, trains the body to alllow it to withstand the force of enlightenment, stops the normal process of change |
| parallel bodies | you have two kinds of bodies, subtle and gross, subtle is the pure and transcendent gross is your physical body, you try to manipulate the subtle body by manipulating the gross body |
| nadi conduits | like veins but they channel the pran, connect to the cross body, there are 3 kinds, central nadi along spinal column, one that criss crosses the central nadi left -> right and one that crosses the central nadi right ->left |
| point of yoga | break reality, flip it, prove that the reality we live in is a false reality |
| indian wrestling | challenges what is considered good health, its not just a sport, its a way of life, a solution to the hectic city environment, natural state of gym compared to craziness of urban setting, an exculsively male setting, women are considered demons |
| wrestlers credo | like to keep things pure, don't like excess, don't like things that indicate colonial ties like cricket, balance of body is important |
| ideal body type for wrestlers | hanuman, his physical strength is a product of his devotion to his god, for wrestlers, their god is their guru |
| sex for wrestlers | semen is considered energy and sgrength, no sex bc losing semen means losing strength |
| jodh | sparring |
| langot | signifies that they contain themselves, basically a diaper |
| body of one color | the dirt, really important, physical fitness is based on muscle strength, mass, balance, devotion and celibacy, body that radiates one aura |
| healthy sickness | lack of self control leads to loss in strength and moral character,tea shops, fast food, smokin |
| milk | important, symbol of strength, material measure of importance, more mil = better. ability to eat all that food is a representation of their achievement |
| akhara | gym, rural purity |
| ghee | also important, wrestler's boddy is like ghee, they heat their body up and pull out the purified, clarified, version |
| nals | stone weights |
| jori/gada | swinging a club |
| What connection does the Dr. see between his Christian faith and the ideals and values of communism? What are these values? How does he put these ideals and values into practice? | they clash, christianity and dr. shen's practice of medicine is all about giving and communal work but ocmmunism is all about everyone take care of their own stuff, a lot of communal things aren't being taken care of anymore |
| What effect did the revolution of 1949 have on medicine and medical practice? | made things worse |
| What is the Dr’s opinion of folk healers, and why do you think he holds these views. Although he is a “traditional” healer, why is he not a folk healer? | thinks they're fakes, his medicine is backed by science and years of practice |
| what opinions are expressed in the film about Western medicine? How is “traditional” medicine understood of as different from Western medicine? | traditional medicine is for everyday things, western medicine is for really bad things, traditional medicine is about helping the people |
| In several scenes the Dr. is treating a patient who thinks that a cockroach has taken on human characteristics. How does the Dr. treat the patient? Do his treatment methods reflect a holistic, mindbody synthesis? | accupuncture with electriccal currents to put his body back in balance |
| kanpo | japanese interpretation and application of chinese medicine, herbs, massage, accupuncture and diet |
| organs in chinese medicine | organs are functional systems of the body, nor just a single organ |
| yellow emporer | comparable to hippocrates, father of chinese medicine |
| theory of correspondances | accupuncture was developed in response to the break down of correspondances/relations between things in the universe |
| taoism | started by lao tzu, harmony of nature, balanced opposition |
| qu | very important, everything is a manifestation of qu, its the substance that keeps the body alive and is manipulated to cause change |
| complementary opposition | nothing exists as eitherone or the other, everything exists as a balance of its complementary opposition |
| wu-xing: 5 phase theory | fire, earth, metal, water, wood, these things all make each other but they also destroy each other |
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hsinha93
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