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equine clinical pro
equine clinical procedures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DIAGNOSTIC SAMPLING | OBTAINING SAMPLES OF BODY FLUIDS OR TISSUES FOR PURPOSES OF ANALYSIS |
| VENOUS BLOOD SAMPLING | COLLECT FROM ARTERIES OR VEINS |
| VEINS ARE | EASIER TO ACCESS AND LESS PRONE TO HEMATOMAS |
| VENOUS BLOOD SAMPLING LOCATIONS | JUGULAR, CEPHALIC, LATERAL THORACIC, SAPHENOUS, COCCYGEAL, |
| PT NEEDS TO BE SEDATED TO OBTAIN BLOOD FROM | ARTERIES IN THE FACE |
| TO COLLECT A VENOUS BLOOD SAMPLE YOU MAY USE | NEEDLE AND SYRINGE, OR VACUTAINER |
| BLOOD GAS SAMPLING IS USED TO | ASSESS PT WITH RESPIRATORY DZ AND MONITOR PTS UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA |
| ARTERIAL BLOOD IS NEEDED TO CHECK | BLOOD GAS SAMPLE |
| NO CLOTS AND NO ATMOSPHERIC AIR | BLOOD GAS SAMPLE |
| BLOOD GAS SAMPLES | PLACE ON ICE AND ANALYZE ASAP |
| URINE COLLECTION- CYSTO | IS NOT DONE ON LA |
| URINE COLLECTION | HAVE TO CATCH A VOIDED SAMPLE OR CATHETERIZE |
| GIVE DIURETICS TO SPEED UP URINATION | WILL CHANGE DRUG SG |
| URINE COLLECTION IN RACE HORSES | GO ON COMMAND |
| CATHETERIZATION MALES | NEED TO TRANQUILIZE TO RELAX AND EXTEND PENIS |
| PERSONNEL NEED TO STAND CRANIALLY SO THEY ARE NOT KICKED DURING MALE | CATHETERIZATION |
| NEED TO CLEAN PENIS AT LEAST | 3 TIMES WITH SOAP AND WATER AND THEN PASS CATHETER |
| FEMALE URINE COLLECTION- CATHETERIZATION | TAIL IS TIED OR HELD TO THE SIDE |
| PERINEUM IS | CLEANED AT LEAST 3 TIMES WITH SOAP AND WATER. THEN PLACE CATHTER |
| CATHETERIZATION-IRRITATION CAN CAUSE | FREQUENT URINATION FOR 1-2 DAY |
| FECAL COLLECTION IS USED FOR | PARASITIC EVALUATION OR MICROBIAL CULTURE |
| FECAL COLLECTION | PICK UP OFF GROUND |
| USED GLOVED HAND TO REMOVE SOME FROM RECTUM | FECAL COLLECTION |
| SAME AMT NEEDED FOR LA AND SA ANALYSIS | FECAL COLLECTION |
| ABDOMINAL DZ, GI OR NON GI ORIGIN AND WT LOSS | ABDOMINOCENTESIS- ABD TAP |
| SAME PROCEDURE AS IN SA | ABDOMINOCENTESIS |
| ARTHROCENTESIS | JOINT TAP |
| AID IN DZ OF VARIOUS JOINT DZS AND TENDON SHEATH/BRUSAL DZ | ARTHROCENTESIS |
| ALSO TO MEDICATE JOINTS | ARTHROCENTESIS |
| LOCAL ANESTHESIA IS USUALLY NEEDED, ESP FOR FOALS, DEEP SYNOVIAL STRUCTURES OR PTS THAT RESIST THE PROCEDURE | ARTHROCENTESIS |
| RESTRAINT IS NECESSARY FOR | ARTHROCENTESIS |
| ARTHROCENTESIS | GENERAL ANESTHESIA USUALLY IS NOT NEEDED |
| NEED 1ML OF FLUID FOR | ARTHROCENTESIS |
| BANDAGE FOR 24 HOURS | ARTHROCENTESIS |
| FROM SUBARACHNOID SPACE | CEREBROSPINAL FLUID COLLECTION |
| PRODUCED BY EPENDYMAL CELLS IN VENTRICLES OF BRAIN AND FLOWS TO SUBARACHNOID SPACE | CEREBROSPINAL FLUID COLLECTION |
| DX BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD DZ | CEREBROSPINAL FLUID COLLECTION |
| ATLANTOOCCIPITAL SPACE COLLECTION | GENERAL ANESTHESIA IS NEEDED |
| JUST CAUDAL TO POLL ON DORSAL MIDLINE, LEVEL TO WINGS OF ATLAS | ATLANTOOCCIPITAL SPACE COLLECTION |
| LUMBOSACRAL SPACE COLLECTION | SEDATED, STANDING PTS, |
| TECHNICALLY MORE DIFFICULT AND VERY PAINFUL TO PT | LUMBOSACRAL SPACE COLLECTION |
| DORSAL MIDLINE AT WINGS OF ILEUM, PLACE IN STOCKS | LUMBOSACRAL SPACE COLLECTION |
| THORACOCENTESIS | CHEST TAP |
| SAMPLE OF PLEURAL FLUID | THORACOCENTESIS |
| DX DZ OF PLEURAL CAVITY, OF LUNGS, SOME CARDIAC DZ, AND SOME NEOPLASIA | THORACOCENTESIS |
| DONT WANT TO CAUSE IATROGENIC PNEUMOTHORAX- USE 3 WAY STOP COCK | THORACOCENTESIS |
| DX OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT DZ | TRANSTRACHEAL ASPIRATION/ WASH |
| ENDOSCOPIC | PLACE TWITCH |
| GOES IN NOSTRIL, DOWN TRACHEA | ENDOSCOPIC |
| ALLOWS FOR VISUAL EXAM OF URT BUT CAN BRING IN CONTAMINANTS | ENDOSCOPIC |
| THRU SKIN INTO TRACHEA, JUST LIKE SA PROCEDURE | PERCUTANEOUS |
| HEAD AND NECK MUST BE STILL | PERCUTANEOUS |
| COUGH REFLEX IS DESIRABLE WITH THIS PROCEDURE | PERCUTANEOUS |
| LIGHT PRESSURE WRAP FOR 24 HOURS | PERCUTANEOUS |
| COMPLICATIONS; SQ EMPHYSEMA AND INFECTION | PERCUTANEOUS |
| BAL | BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE |
| LOWER AIRWAY FLUID COLLECTION | BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE |
| SIMILAR TO TRANSTRACHEAL WASH | BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE |
| USE ENDOSCOPE, COUGHING IS NOT DESIRABLE | BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE |
| SAMPLES ARE THOUGHT TO BE MORE ACCURATE | BRONCHOALVEOLAR |
| MEDICATION TECHNIQUES-ORAL | FEED ADDITIVES |
| ADD TO HORSES DRY FEED- POWDERS OR LIQUIDS | ORAL MEDICATION TECHNIQUES FEED ADDITIVES |
| DONT ADD TABLETS TO THEIR FEED- NEED TO CRUSH UP | MEDICATION TECHNIQUES-ORAL FEED ADDITIVES |
| PLACE IN MOLASSES, SYRUP, APPLESAUCE, PUDDING, AND PEANUT BUTTER | FEED ADDITIVES- ORAL MEDICATION TECHNIQUES |
| ADDING MEDS TO FOOD IS UNRELIABLE | ORAL MEDICATION TECHNIQUES |
| LIQUID OR PASTE MEDICATINS | DOSE SYRINGES- ORAL |
| USE FINGERS TO OPEN HORSES LIPS, THEN INTRODUCE SYRINGE | DOSE SYRINGES-ORAL |
| DIRECT CAUDALLY BETWEEN TEETH AND CHEEK. SQUIRT IN, LIFT HEAD, JIGGLE NECK TO INDUCE SWALLOWING | MEDICATION TECHNIQUES- ORAL DOSE SYRINGES |
| BALLING GUN- LG TABLET- NOT ADVISED IN HORSES | MEDICATION- DOSE SYRINGES |
| NASOGASTRIC INTUBATION | NASTRIL TO PHARYNX TO ESOPHAGUS STOMACH |
| ADVANTAGE: RELIABLE DELIVERY OF MEDS, ALSO A DX TOOL, CAN BE LEFT IN PLACE FOR 24-48 HRS | NASOGASTRIC INTUBATION |
| DISADVANTAGE; TRAUMA TO HORSES TURBINATES, LARYNX, AND PHARYNX WHICH CAN RESULT IN NOSEBLEEDS, ABSCESSES AND INFLAMMATION AND SWELLING, ACCIDENTALLY TUBE THE LUNGS, HORSES DON'T LIKE THIS PROCEDURE | NASOGASTRIC INTUBATION |
| SOME BELIEVE OPEN END CAUSES BLOAT | NASOGASTRIC INTUBATION |
| REMOVE WITH HAND OVER HAND MOTION AT 12 INCH INTERVALS, CAP OR CRIMP TUBE TO PREVENT CONTENTS FROM BEING ASPIRATED WHEN REMOVED | NASOGASTRIC INTUBATION |
| ONCE WAS A POPULAR ROUTE, RARELY USED NOW, USED TO STIMULATE BOWEL MOVEMENTS, SAME AS SA BUT A LOT MORE FLUID (1-3 GALLONS), COMES OUT RAPIDLY- PROJECTILE,STAND TO THE SIDE | ENEMAS |
| ROUTE DEPENDS ON USDA APPROVED ROUTE OF INJECTIONS, TRACTABILITY OF PT, CAPABILITY OF THE PERSON PERFORMING THE INJECTION, TOXICITIES OF THE MED, AND TEMPERMENT OF PT | PARENTERAL MEDICATION TECHNIQUES |
| MOST COMMON IV, IM, SQ, AND ID | MEDICATION TECHNIQUES PARENTERAL |
| MUST CLEAN AREAS BEFORE GIVING INJECTIONS | MEDICATION TECHNIQUES- PARENTERAL |
| ROTATE INJECTION SITES WITH LARGE VOLUMES TO BE GIVEN OVER SEVERAL DAYS | MEDICATION TECHNIQUES- PARENTERAL |
| 18-22 GAUGE NEEDLES THAT RANGE FROM 1-1.5 IN | INTRAMUSCULAR |
| BLEEDING FORM INJECTION SITE IS COMMON | INTRAMUSCULAR |
| INJECTION ABSCESS IS A POTENTIAL COMPLICATION | INTRAMUSCULAR |
| MUST MAKE SURE NOT IN A VEIN- LOTS OF LA DRUGS ARE TOXIC THAT WAY | INTRAMUSCULAR |
| LATERAL CERVICAL OR BRACHIOCEPHALICUS OR SERRATUS VENTRALIS MUSCLE, EASY TO ACCESS, DONT DO TO FOALS, MAY BE TOO PAINFUL AND THEN THEY WILL NOT WANT TO NURSE, TRIANGLE AREA ON NECK | INTTRAMUSCULAR |
| VERY BACK OF LEG, INSERT NEEDLE THEN ATTACH SYRINGE | SEMITENDINOSUS MUSCLE (INTRAMUSCULAR) |
| PECTORAL MUSCLE | SMALL INJECTIONS |
| USED WHEN ALL OTHER SITES ARE EXHAUSTED, USE SHOULD BE AVOIDED | TRICEPS MUSCLE |
| RUMP AREA, SKIN IS THICK AND TIGHT-HARDER TO PENETRATE WITH NEEDLE. SLAP AREA A FEW TIMES THEN INSERT NEEDLE THEN ATTACH SYRINGE WHEN HORSE IS DONE WIGGLING AROUND | GLUTEAL MUSCLES |
| MOST IV MEDS ARE GIVEN IN | JUGULAR |
| 12-22 GAUGE NEEDLES | IV INJECTION |
| HIGHLY RECOMMENDED TO PLACE NEEDLE FIRS, CONFIRM ENTRANCE OF NEEDLE, STABILIZE HUB, THEN ATTACH SYRINGE AND INJECT | IV INJECTION |
| FIRMLY PINCH SKIN = | NUMBING EFFECT |
| RIGHT BELOW SKIN IN THE JUGULAR GROOVE | JUGULAR VEIN |
| CAREFUL BC CAROTID ARTERY AND VAGOSYMPATHETIC NERVE TRUNK LIE DEEP TO THE JUGULAR BUT RUN PARRALEL | JUGULAR VEIN IV INJECTION |
| PROBELEM WITH CAROTID SITCK; LARGE HEMATOMA, DRUG WILL TRAVEL DIRECTLY TO BRAIN THUS RESULTING IN SEIZURES, COLLAPSE, HAVE DEMENTIA,AND EVEN DIE | JUGULAR VEIN- IV INJECTION |
| USE CRANIAL PORTION OF JUGULAR; PLACE NEEDLE FIRST, IF JUST NORMAL FLOW OF BLOOD= JUGULAR; IF PULSING AND SQUIRTING MULTIPLE FEET= ARTERY | JUGULAR VEIN- IV INJECTION |
| LATERAL THORACIC VEIN, CEPHALIC VEIN, SAPHENOUS VEIN, COCCYGEAL VEIN | ONLY USED WHEN JUGULAR CANNONT |
| THORACIC VEIN RUNS | VENTROLATERAL ACCROSS CHEST |
| CEPHALIC/SAPHENOUS VEIN | DIFFICULT IN STANDING HORSES, USUALLY NEED SEDATION |
| COCCYGEAL VEIN | VENTRAL MIDLINE OF TAIL, ADJACENT TO COCCYGEAL ARTERY, BEST ACCESS IS AT BASE OF TAIL, ENTIRE TAIL MAY SLOUGH IF OCCLUSION OCCURS |
| RARELY FOR MEDS, DX TESTING IN LA FOR TUBERVULOSIS (CATTLE) AND SKIN ALLERGY TESTIN | ID INJECTIONS |
| EASY TO PREFORM IN FLESHY AREAS, MOST COMMON AREA; LATERAL ASPECT OF NECK | SQ INJECTION |
| LONG IVC ARE | 5-6 IN |
| SHORT IVC ARE | 2-3 IN |
| COMMON DIAMETER OF IV CATHETER ARE | 10,12,14 GAUGES |
| WANT TO USE | SMALLEST, SHORTEST IVC IN HORSES TO GET JOB DONE TO PREVENT THROMBOPHLEBITIS |
| USE JUGULAR VEIN | THEN LATERAL THORACIC FOR IV CATH |
| POLYPROPYLENE CATHS HAVE | LARGEST DIAMETER BUT MOST REACTIVE 24 HOUR USE ONLY |
| TEFLON AND POLYURETHANE CAN BE USED FOR | 7 DAYS |
| SILICON HAVE THE SMALLEST DIAMETER AND | CAN BE USED FOR 4 WEEKS |
| IV CATH | SUTURE HUB TO SKIN, BUTTERFLY SUTURE TO SKIN, SUPERGLUE TO SKIN |
| ANTIBIOTIC OINTMENT ON SKIN ALL AROUND | IVC AND THEN FURTHER DRESSING DEPENDS ON PT BASIS |
| SHOD | SHOE REMOVAL |
| SHOES ARE USED | TO SUPPORT AND PROTECT HOOVES |
| EVERY 5-8 WEEKS SHOES | MUST BE REMOVED, HOOVES TRIMMED, AND NEW ONE PLACE BACK ON |
| A PERSON WHO SHOES HORSES FOR A LIVING | FARRIERS |
| CONSULT OWNER BEFORE REMOVING A SHOE BC | YOU ARE CREATING THEM ANOTHER BILL |
| SAVE SHOES BC | THEY CAN BE RESET |
| SHOES ARE REMOVED BC OF | OVERGROWN HOOVES, INJURED HOOVES, LAMENESS EXAM, HOOF RADIOGRAPHS, PREP FOR SX, RECOVERY FROM GEN AN, LOOSE OR TWISTED SHOES |
| COUNT # OF NAIL HEADS; FILE OFF WITH METAL FILE OR HOOF RASP; STRAIGHTEN AND HAMMER BACK OUT | CLINCH REMOVAL |
| PULL NAIL OUT BY HEAD; CREASE NAIL PULLERS; USUALLY PULLIN OFF SHOE WILL PULL OUT NAILS | NAIL REMOVAL |
| SHOES PULLERS OR | PULL OFFS |
| LOOK SIMILAR TO HOOF TRIMMERS (NIPPERS); ELEVATE BRANCHES (HEELS) OR THE SHOE AND PROCEED TOWARDS TOES | SHOE REMOVAL |
| EXTERNAL COAPTATION | PADDING IS ESSENTIAL TO BANDAGING HORSES; BONY PROTRUSIONS ARE PRONE TO ULCERATION |
| PROVIDE ADDITIONAL SUPPORT OR PROTECTION DURING ACTIVITY; WRAP DEPENDS ON JOB/SPORT | EXERCISE BANDAGES/WRAPS |
| WHEN TRANSPORTED THEY ARE SUBJECT TO QUICK STOPS AND STARTS; WRAP CARPUS/TARSUS TO HOOF INCLUDING CORONARY BAND | SHIPPING BANDAGES |
| GENERALLY USED TO COVER OPEN SX OR TRAUMATIC HOOF WOUNDS; PREVENTS CHIPPING OF HOOVES, NEEDS TO BE DONE IN A VERY CLEAN AREA, WATERPROOF AND DURABLE, DUCT TAPE | HOOF BANDAGES |
| MOST COMMON USED IN MEDICAL PROCEDURES; CAN BE USED FOR SUPPORT; MAIN PURPOSE IS TO LIMIT SWELLNG; APPLY TYPICAL WOUND DRESSING FIRST THEN BANDAGE; NEED DISTAL BANDAGE BEFORE APPLYING FULL LIMB BANDAGE | DISTAL LIMB BANDAGES |
| FOR IMMOBILIZATION; TEMP OR LONG TERM; ROBERT JONES; USE DUCT TAPE AS SECURING LAYER; MADE OF STUTS, WOODEN POLES, BROOM STICK, METAL RODS, POLYVINYLCHLORIDE PIPE, CASTING TAPE. FULL WRAP PLACED FIRST THEN SPLINT; DO HAVE COMMERCIALLY MADE METAL SPLINTS | LIMB SPLINTS |
| BETTER THAN SPLINTS; DONE UNDER GEN ANESTHESIA, HORSES IN CASTS SHOULD NOT BE MADE TO MOVE UNLESS NECESSARY ; CAN GET SORES FROM CASTS; TAKE RADS AFTER CAST IS REMOVED | LIMB CASTS |
Created by:
JODY84
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