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Anthro test 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| explicit culture | cultural knowledge that people can talk about *words, what we know |
| tacit culture | cultural knowledge that you have to observe behavior *lack words |
| naive realism | belief that people everywhere see the world in the same way |
| participant-observation | be a participant and observer |
| ethnocentrism | the belief and feeling that one's own culture is best. Judging others |
| culture shock | a state of anxiety that results from cross-cultural misunderstanding. Not knowing how to act |
| cultural relativism | the view that all beliefs, customs, and ethics are relative to the individual within his own social context. "right vs wrong"=culture specific |
| reciprocal exchange | provide benefit to one another, equivalent exchange (Kula items) |
| ethnography | process of discovering and describing a particular culture. Requires social contact. It's when you're trying to understand another way of life through native POV |
| Cultural artifact | the things people shape or make from natural resources |
| cultural behavior | learned human behavior (ex: reading) |
| symbolic interactionism | theory that seeks to explain human behavior in terms of meanings |
| egalitarian society | societies that, with the exception of ranked differences between men and women and adults and children, provide all people an equal chance at economic resources and prestige |
| thick description | technique Geertz used to understand cultural meaning (cock fight onion layers) |
| gatekeeper | controls access to something |
| key informant | individual who teaches culture to someone. This is better than observing a subject |
| Doctrine of Ahimsa | A Buddhist and Hindu doctrine expressing belief in the sacredness of all living creatures and urging the avoidance of harm and violence |
| Negative-functioned cultural traits | believe that societies and cultures have an internal coherence. *Adaptation. Traits related to environment |
| Symbolic anthropology | studying symbols and processes (rituals, behavior) and then assigning meanings. Ex: cock fight represent men's pride etc. layers. |
| symbol | anything that humans can sense that is given an arbitrary relationship to its referent |
| cultural materialism | research method that says the best way to understand human culture is to examine material conditions (climate, food, geography) |
| (psychological) functionalism | Malinowski. All humans have physiological and physical needs. Societies have their own internal interaction. "Giant organism" |
| Utilitarianism | the moral belief that an action is right if it produces the greatest good for the most number of people |
| emics | studies behavior within a culture, one culture at a time, structure discovered by analyst, elements relative to internal characteristics |
| etics | studies behavior from outside culture. 2 or more cultures being compared, structure created by analyst. elements considered universal |
| cultural racism | assumption that cultural differences are in-born. Genetics give you your culture. (Ex: can't be American if Chinese) |
| Hegemonic ideaology | People have such a strong idea that they literally cannot think/understand other views (Ex: peace corps-respected and experts) |
| Multiculturalism | more than one culture. Different cultural backgrounds all together |
| Corporate culture | the collective beliefs, value systems, and processes within a culture |
| cultural hybridization | the process by which a cultural custom, item, or concept is transformed to fit the cultural context of society that borrows it |
| Time-space compression | (Harvey) More connected, technology-wiping out space/time differences. Speed things up and take less time (ex: labor markets) |
| Time-space distanciation | (Giddens) stretching out of social relations though space and time (ex: inter'l airports designed for people who will be there) |
| De/territorialization | things become dis-embedded and re-embedded somewhere else. Ex: mcdonalds (inda rosaldo) |
| cultural imperialism | when you take cultural aspects/knowledge/behavior and re-embed, it remains the same. West to everyone else |
| transnational | extending or operating across national boundaries |
Created by:
torbryant
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