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Civics Ch.19
Civics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| civil liberties | protections against the govt, guarantees of the safety of persons, opinions, and property from arbitrary acts of govt Ex. freedom of religion, speech & press, and the guarantee of a fair trial |
| civil rights | positive acts of govt that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people Ex. prohibitions of discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religious belief, or national origin, set out in Civil rights act of 1964 |
| alien | people who arent citizens of the country where they live |
| Due Process Clause | - Found in 14th amendment - states, "No state shall...deprive any person, of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law |
| process of incorporation | process that incorporated--merged, combined--most of the guarantees in the Bill of Rights into the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause |
| Establishment Clause | separates church and state; an "establishment of religion" |
| parochial | church-related (schools, in this topic) |
| Free Exercise Clause | guarantees to each person the right to believe whatever he or she chooses to believe in matters of religion |
| libel | written lies (L for literature) |
| slander | spoken lies (S for speech) |
| sedition | the crime of attempting to overthrow the govt by force or to disrupt its lawful activities |
| seditious speech | the advocating, or urging of sedition |
| prior restraint | the govt cant curb ideas before they are expressed |
| shield law | laws that give reporters some protection against having to disclose their sources or reveal other confidential information in legal proceedings in those States |
| symbolic speech | expression by conduct; communicating ideas through facial expressions, body language, or by carrying a sign or wearing an arm band |
| picketing | patrolling of a business site by workers who are on strike; picketers attempt 2 inform the public of the controversy, and 2 persuade others not to deal with the firm involved. form of expression, protected by the 1st and 14th amendments if peaceful |
| assemble | to gather with one another, to express views on public matters |
| content neutral | the govt may not regulate assemblies on the basis on what might might be said |
| right of association | guarantees include the right to associate with others to promote political, economical, and other social clauses |
| Judiciary Act of 1789 | judicial power shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as Congress saw fit to establish |
| Full Faith & Credit Clause | all states must recognize and give validity to the public acts, records and judicial proceedings of every other state |
| Extradition | |
| Privileges & Immunities | no state can draw unreasonable distinctions between its own residents & non-residents |
| Lemon test | three parts: (1)the purpose of the aid must be clearly secular, not religious; (2)its primary effect must neither advance nor inhibit religion; and (3)it must avoid an "excessive entanglement of government with religion" |
Created by:
johndude
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