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Env. Science

Chapter 12 Review

QuestionAnswer
What is Air Pollution? The contamination of the atmosphere by wastes from sources such as industrial burning and automobile exhausts
What is a Primary Pollutant? One that is put directly into the atmosphere by human or natural activity. An example would be soot from smoke.
What are some examples of Primary Pollutants? Carbon Monoxide, sulfuroxides
What is a Secondary Pollutant? One that forems in the atmosphere by chemical reactions with primary air pollutants, natural components in the air, or both.
What are some examples of Secondary Pollutants? Nitric Acids, smog
When do Secondary Pollutants form? When a primary pollutant comes into contact with other primary pollutants, or with naturally occurring substances such as water vapor, and a chemical reaction takes place.
What does the Clean Air Act do? It gives the EPA the authority to regulate vehicle emissions in the US.
What happens when automobile emissions react with oxygen gas and ultraviolet rays? Ozone is formed.
Two-thirds of the sulfur dioxide that pollutes the air is produced by WHAT? electric power plants.
What are primary sources of Particulate Matter? Activities such as construction and agriculture
What removes some of the more harmful substances that would otherwise pollute the air? Scrubbers
WHAT is a scrubber? A machine that moves gasses through a spray of water that removes many pollutants.
What would cause the smallest increase in smog in an urban area? Combustion of ethanol in cars.
What does smog result from? from chemical reactions that involve sunlight, automobile exhaust, and ozone.
Temperature inversions work to trap WHAT? To trap pollution when warmer air above keeps cooler air at the surface from moving upward.
The circulation of air in the atmosphere usually usually keeps air pollution from WHAT? from reaching dangerous levels.
Particulates can form WHAT? Clouds that reduce visibility
What is the largest producer of primary air pollutants in the US? electricity production
Name the 3 effects of air pollution on human health: chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema
What is Sick-Building Syndrome? Caused by indoor air pollutants in air tight buildings.
WHAT can lower the level of oxygen carried in the blood? Carbon Monoxide
WHAT is on way that radon and asbestos are similar? They both increase the risk of cancer
Radon is one of the elements produced by the decay of WHAT? Uranium
What is Uranium? A radioactive element that occurs naturally in the Earth's Crust.
Schools in the United States have spent over $40 million to remove WHAT? asbestos
WHAT is found in building's foam insulation? VOC's
What does VOC stand for? Volatile Organic Compounds
Permanent deafness results from continuous or long-term exposure to sounds over HOW MANY decibels? over 120 decibels
Light pollution can be decreased by directing lighting WHICH WAY? downward
The lower the pH number is, the more__________a substance is. acidic
The higher the pH number is, the more__________a substance is. alkaline
Acid precipitation can be traced back to the burning of WHAT? fossil fuels
When fossil fuels are burned, they release oxides of WHAT? sulfur and nitrogen
Acid precipitation means that the pH of measurements of rainwater would be below WHAT? 5
When the acidity of soil increases, what happens to some of the nutrients? They are dissolved and washed away.
When the acidic rainwater reaches lakes,__________is leaked into the lake causing toxic conditions. aluminum
Sulfur dioxide in water vaper does what to the openings on the surfaces of plants? clogs the openings
Because of acid precipitation falls__________, the problem of solving acid precipitation has been difficult, especially at the international level. downwind
Most of the pollution that causes acid precipitation to fall in southeastern Canada is released from Where? The Midwestern and Eastern US.
Created by: alirocks3
 

 



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