Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Comm 170 Terms 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| reflective thinking method | A five-step method for directing discussion in a problem-solving small group. |
| question of policy | A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken |
| criteria | Standards on which a judgment or decision can be based. |
| brainstorming | A method of generating ideas by free association of words and thoughts. |
| consensus | A group decision that is acceptable to all members of the group. |
| oral report | A speech presenting the findings, conclusions, or decisions of a small group |
| symposium | A public presentation in which several people present prepared speeches on different aspects of the same topic. |
| panel discussion | A structured conversation on a given topic among several people in front of an audience |
| persuasion | The process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions. |
| mental dialogue with the audience | The mental give-and-take between speaker and listener during a persuasive speech. |
| target audience | The portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade. |
| question of fact | A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion. |
| question of value | A question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action |
| question of policy | A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken. |
| speech to gain passive agreement | A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of the policy. |
| speech to gain immediate action | A persuasive speech in which the speaker's goal is to convince the audience to take action in support of a given policy. |
| need | the first basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Is there a serious problem or need that requires a change from current policy? |
| burden of proof | The obligation facing a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary |
| plan | The second basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: If there is a problem with current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem? |
| practicality | The third basic issue in analyzing a question of policy: Will the speaker's plan solve the problem? Will it create new and more serious problems? |
| problem-solution order | A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem. |
| problem-cause-solution order | A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point identifies a problem, the second main point analyzes the causes of the problem, and the third main point presents a solution to the problem. |
| comparative advantages order | A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which each main point explains why a speaker's solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutions. |
| Monroe's motivate sequence | A method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. The five steps of the motivated sequence are attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action. |
| ethos | The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility. |
| credibility | The audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic. The two major factors influencing a speaker's credibility are competence and character. |
| initial credibility | The credibility of a speaker before she or he starts to speak. |
| derived credibility | The credibility of a speaker produced by everything she or he says and does during the speech. |
| terminal credibility | The credibility of a speaker at the end of the speech. |
| creating common ground | A technique in which a speaker connects himself or herself with the values, attitudes, or experiences of the audience. |
| evidence | Supporting materials used to prove or disprove something. |
| logos | The name used by Aristotle for the logical appeal of a speaker. The two major elements of logos are evidence and reasoning |
| reasoning | The process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence. |
| reasoning from specific instances | Reasoning that moves from particular facts to a general conclusion |
| reason from principle | Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion. |
| causal reasoning | Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects. |
| analogical reasoning | Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second |
| fallacy | An error in reasoning. |
| hasty generalization | A fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence |
| false cause | A fallacy in which a speaker mistakenly assumes that because one event follows another, the first event is the cause of the second. |
| invalid analogy | An analogy in which the two cases being compared are not essentially alike |
| bandwagon | A fallacy which assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable. |
| red herring | A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion. |
| ad hominen | A fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute. |
| either-or | A fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist. |
| slippery slope | A fallacy which assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented. |
| appeal to tradition | A fallacy which assumes that something old is automatically better than something new. |
| appeal to novelty | A fallacy which assumes that something new is automatically better than something old. |
| pathos | The name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as emotional appeal. |
| hearing | The vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain. |
| listening | Paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear. |
| appreciative listening | Listening for pleasure or enjoyment. |
| empathetic listening | Listening to provide emotional support for a speaker. |
| comprehensive listening | Listening to understand the message of a speaker. |
| critical listening | Listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it. |
| spare "brain time" | The difference between the rate at which most people talk (120 to 150 words a minute) and the rate at which the brain can process language (400 to 800 words a minute). |
| active listening | Giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker's point of view. |
| key word outline | An outline that briefly notes a speaker's main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form. |
| denotative meaning | The literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase. |
| connotative meaning | The meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase. |
| concrete words | Words that refer to tangible objects. |
| abstract words | Words that refer to ideas or concepts. |
| clutter | Discourse that takes many more words than are necessary to express an idea. |
| imagery | The use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions, or ideas. |
| simile | An explicit comparison, introduced with the word “like” or “as,” between things that are essentially different yet have something in common. |
| cliches | A trite or overused expression. |
| metaphor | An implicit comparison, not introduced with the word “like” or “as,” between two things that are essentially different yet have something in common. |
| rhythm | The pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words. |
| parallelism | The similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. |
| repetition | Reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. |
| alliteration | Repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words. |
| antithesis | The juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure. |
| inclusive language | Language that does not stereotype, demean, or patronize people on the basis of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors. |
| generic "he" | The use of “he” to refer to both women and men. |
Created by:
BradThorn