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Biology Review

Test 3

QuestionAnswer
A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is what? a sperm.
Which life cycle stage is found in plants but not animals? multicellular haploid.
Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a diving cell during? meiosis I.
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that? sister chromatids separate during anaphase.
If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of mitosis I would be? 2x.
How many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can be packaged in gametes made by an organism with a diploid number of 8 (2N=8)? 16.
What is a gene? a heritable until that determines a character; can exist in different.
What is an allele? an alternative version of a gene.
What is a character? a heritable feature that varies among individuals.
What is a trait? a variant for a character.
What is a dominant allele? determines phenotype in a heterozygote.
What is a recessive allele? has no effect on phenotype in a heterozygote.
What is a genotype? the genetic makeup of an individual.
What is a phenotype? an organism's appearance or observable traits.
What is a homozygous? having two identical alleles for a gene.
What is a heterozygous? having two different alleles for a gene.
What is a testcross? a cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual.
What is a homohybrid cross? a cross between individuals heterozygous for a single character.
In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria and mice, Griffith found that? some substance from pathogenic cells was transferred to nonpathogenic cells, making them pathogenic.
What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized? DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3' end of a growing strand.
In analyzing the number of different bases in a DNA sample, which result would be consistent with the base-pairing rules? A + G= C + T.
The elongation of the leading strand during DNA synthesis depends on the action of DNA polymerase.
In a nucleosome, the DNA is wrapped around histones.
When she adds some DNA to the mixture, replication occurs, but each DNA molecule consists of a normal strand paired with numerous segments of DNA a few hundred nucleotides long. What has she probably left out of the mixture? DNA ligase.
The spontaneous loss of amino acids groups from adenine in DNA results in hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine. What combination of proteins could repair such damage? nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase.
When a cell is ready to divide the DNA is in what form? chromosomes.
The backbone of DNA is made of the molecules? phosphate and deoxyribose.
The centrosomes grow spindles and migrate to the poles.
What does not occur in prophase and mitosis? tetrads form.
Between meiosis I and meiosis II there is a brief period of resting and growth called what? interkinesis.
Mitosis goes through ____ cell division(s)? 1.
An organism has 6 homologous pairs of chromosomes. After DNA replication the organism has ____ chromatids. 24.
An organism is diploid and has 8 chromosomes total. The cell goes through meiosis. How many chromosomes does each daughter cell have? 4.
Crossing over occurs in prophase I.
During Meiosis, the cells become haploid at what stage? Anaphase I/Telophase I.
The nuclear envelope reforms in which stage of meiosis? telophase I and II.
The law of segregation states that? each person has 2 alleles that are divided during meiosis.
A recessive allele is represented by a lowercase letter.
A gene codes for skin color in naked mole rats. Which of the following would be an example of the alleles? pink skin and green skin.
Genetics is applied in many fields such as medicine and history, the study of DNA, & study of traits.
What is the original form of genetics? selective breeding.
Medical uses of genetics include screening for chromosomal disorders, identifying viral diseases (caused by viruses), inserting new genes into organisms, & preventing the rejection of organs in transplants.
DNA fingerprinting (or DNA gels) can be used to identify suspects, family members, remains of victims, & detect bacteria and viruses.
The listing of all the base pairs in a genome is called? DNA sequencing.
An apple seed is in a fruit. The seed development from which part of the flower? ovule.
The pollen is produced by the _____ and carries the _____. anther, sperm cells.
Sexual reproduction does what? combines gametes, produces a zygote, requires meiosis, & uses mitosis for growth.
True or False. Interphase can be broken into 1 sub-phases of replication and 2 sub-phase of growth. True.
True or False. When going through Meiosis DNA is not replicated. False.
True or False. Males spilt cells evenly in meiosis to make 4 sperm but females keep all the cytoplasm in one cell making one large egg. True.
True or False. In human XY is female and XX is male. False.
True or False. All traits are predetermined by genes, the environment has no influence. False.
___ Color blindness is located on the X chromosome. sex linked traits.
___ A breed of a dog can have short hair (HH or Hh), or long hair (hh). complete dominance.
___ Height is controlled by several genes. polygenic.
___ Blood type has 3 variation (A, B, i) leading to several phenotypes (A, AB, B, and O). multiple trait alleles.
___ Plants raised in clay brown, those raised in soil are green. Environmental influence.
___ Hermaphroditic slugs mate and produce baby slugs. sexual reproduction.
___ A seastar is broken in half and new sea star grows from each piece. asexual reproduction.
___ Male frogs ride piggy-back and release sperm as females lay eggs. sexual reproduction.
___ A potato grows eye that fall off and become new plants. asexual reproduction.
___ A queen bee lays an unfertilized egg that develops into a haploid male bee. asexual reproduction.
The monomer of a nucleic acid such as DNA is a nucleotide.
During _______ of Meiosis I the spindles begin to shorten and pull the _______ toward opposite ends of the cell. anaphase II; centrosomes.
Gametes are produced by _____ and are ______ . meiosis; haploid.
After fertilization the zygote is _______ and develops using ______. diploid; mitosis.
This is an example of ______ reproduction and the offspring will ______ to the parents. sexual; not identical.
Cancer occurs when cells reproduce repeatedly using ______. mitosis.
How does cytokinesis differ in plants and animals? plant cells have to grow a cell plate to separate unlike animal cells pinch/furrow.
Created by: danreid
 

 



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