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Carp115KeyEvolution
Prepare yourself for the evolution section of the Keystone Exam.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What natural phenomenon increases the frequency of alleles if they are advantageous to a species' survival? | Natural selection |
| What happens to a population if a phenotype is produced that is not a selective advantage? | The population will decrease |
| What happens to a population that develops better alleles? | populations evolve |
| What evolutionary factor prevents individuals from mating? | prezygotic mechanisms |
| What prezygotic mechanism is characterized by species living in different areas separated by terrestrial and aquatic barriers? | Geographical isolation |
| What prezygotic mechanism is characterized by individuals that do not mate because they are reproductively active at different times of the day? | Temporal isolation |
| What prezygotic mechanism is characterized by individuals that mate only in certain preferred habitat? | Ecological isolation |
| What prezygotic mechanism is characterized by individuals of different species that don't recognize each other sexual cues? | Behavioral isolation |
| What prezygotic mechanism is characterized by the process of copulation occurring; however, the transfer of sperm does not take place? | Mechanical isolation |
| What prezygotic mechanism is characterized by sperm transfer, but the egg is not fertilized? | Gametic incompatibility |
| What evolutionary factor causes genomic incompatibility, hybrid inviability and/or sterility? | Postzygotic isolating mechanisms |
| What postzygotic mechanism is characterized by by a fertilized egg, but the zygote does not develop? | Zygotic mortality |
| What postzygotic mechanism is characterized by the hybrid forming, but is not viable? | Hybrid inviability |
| What postzygotic mechanism is characterized by the hybrid is viable, but the resulting adult is sterile? | Hybrid sterility |
| What postzygotic mechanism is characterized by the first generation hybrids are viable and fertile, but further hybrid generations are inviable or sterile? | Hybrid breakdown |
| What evolutionary phenomenon occurs so that in each generation, some individuals may leave behind a few more descendents than other individuals? | Genetic drift |
| Genetic drift tends to reduce genetic variation. Why is this a problem? | It potentially reduces a populations ability to evolve in response to new selective pressures |
| Genetic drift acts faster and has more dramatic effects in small populations. Why is this a problem? | Because it tends to happen most often in rare and endangered species |
| Genetic drift can contribute to speciation. Why is this significant? | Because small isolated populations may diverge and from large populations creating a new species. |
| What are the two types of genetic drift? | Bottleneck effect Founder's effect |
| What type of genetic drift occurs when a population's size is drastically reduced for at least one generation? | Bottleneck effect |
| What is the negative impact of the bottleneck effect? | reduced genetic variation |
| Why is reduced genetic variation bad for a population? | the population may not be able to adapt to new environmental pressures because the genetic variation that selection would act on may have already drifted out of the population |
| What is a world known example of bottleneck effect? | cheetah population - they were hunted to near extinction and now their gene pool is very shallow |
| What type of genetic drift occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of a population? | Founder's effect |
| What two outcomes does the founder's effect tend to cause? | 1. reduced genetic variation from the original population 2. a non-random sample of the genes in the original population |
| What is the best evidence of evolution that scientist use? | Fossils |
| What type of evolutionary evidence show a pattern of development from early ancestors to modern descendants? | Fossils |
| What are the four different types of evolutionary evidence? | Fossils Anatomical Embryological DNA/Proteins |
| What type of evolutionary evidence compares different types of organisms to reveal basic similarities in body structure? | Anatomical |
| What type of evolutionary structures are present in organisms, but are reduced in size and either have no or little function? | Vestigial structure |
| What type of evolutionary structures are derived from a common ancestor or same evolutionary or developmental origin? | Homologous structure |
| What type of evolutionary structures are found in different species, but have similar function? | Analogous structures |
| What type of structure is a human appendix an example of? | vestigial |
| What type of structure is a whale's hip bone an example of? | vestigial |
| What type of structures are the forearm of a cat, crocodile and bat an example of? | homologous |
| What type of structures are the wings of a bat and butterfly an example of? | Analogous |
| From embryological evidence scientists know that all vertebrates at one point in their development have what three common structures? | 1. a tail 2. buds that become limbs 3. pharyngeal pouches (gill slits) |
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