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Final Exam MGMT 3302
Final set of definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Equity Theory | a theory that states that people will be motivated when they perceive that they are being treated fairly |
| 4 kinds of reinforcement contingencies | positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction |
| differences between managers and leaders | leaders are concerned with doing the right thing, while managers are concerned with doing things right. Leaders focus on vision, mission, goals, and objectives, while managers focus on productivity and efficiency. |
| strategic leadership | the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically, and work with others to initiate changes that will create a positive future for an organization |
| perceptual filters | the personality-, psychology-, or experience-based differences that influence people to ignore or pay attention to particular stimuli |
| nonverbal communication | any communication that doesn't involve words |
| benchmarking | the process of identifying outstanding practices, processes, and standards in other companies and adapting them to your company |
| budgets | quantitative plans through which managers decide how to allocate available money to best accomplish company goals |
| Moore's Law | the prediction that about every two years, computer processing power would double and its cost would drop by 50 percent |
| methods for capturing information | manual and electronic. electronic examples: bar codes, RFID tags, electronic scanners, and optical character recognition |
| characteristics of a quality service | reliability, tangibles, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy |
| costs involved with inventory | ordering, setup, holding, and stockout |
| Motivation | the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal |
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization |
| Extrinsic rewards | rewards that are tangible, visible to others, and given to employees contingent on the performance of specific tasks or behaviors |
| Expectancy Theory | the theory that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards. |
| Positive reinforcement | reinforcement that strengthens behavior by following behavior by following behaviors with desirable consequences |
| Goal-setting Theory | the theory that people will be motivated to the extent to which they accept specific, challenging goals and receive feedback that indicates their progress toward goal achievement |
| Leadership | the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals |
| Trait Theory of Leadership | a leadership theory that holds that effective leaders posses a similar set of traits or characteristics |
| Fiedler's Contingency Theory | a leadership theory that states that in order to maximize work group performance, leaders must be matched to the situation that best fits their leadership style |
| Path-goal Theory of Leadership | a leadership theory that states that leaders can increase subordinate satisfaction and performance by clarifying and clearing the paths to goals and by increasing the number and kinds of rewards available for goal attainment |
| Unethical Charismatic Leaders | charismatic leaders who control and manipulate followers, do what is best for themselves instead of their organizations, want to hear only positive feedback, share only information that is beneficial to themselves, and have moral standards that put their |
| Transactional Leadership | leadership based on an exchange process, in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance |
| Steps in the Perceptual Process | attention, organization, interpretation, and retention |
| Self-serving bias | the tendency to overestimate our value by attributing successes to ourselves (internal causes) and attributing failures to others or the environment (external causes) |
| Noise | anything that interferes with the transmission of the intended message |
| Gossip chain | the transmission of messages from employee to employee outside of formal communication channels |
| active listening | assuming half the responsibility for for successful communication by actively giving the speaker nonjudgmental feedback that shows you've accurately heard what he or she said |
| control | a regulatory process of establishing standards to achieve organizational goals, comparing actual performance against the standards, and taking corrective action when necessary |
| 3 basic control methods | feedback control, concurrent control, and feedforward control |
| bureaucratic control | the use of hierarchical authority to influence employee behavior by rewarding or punishing employees for compliance or noncompliance with organizational policies, rules, and procedures |
| normative control | the regulation of workers' behavior and decisions through widely shared organizational values and beliefs |
| balanced scorecard | measurement of organizational performance in four equally important areas: finances, customers, internal operations, and innovation and learning |
| First-mover advantage | the strategic advantage that companies earn by being the first to use new information technology to substantially lower costs or to make a product or service different from that of competitors |
| bar code | a visual pattern that represents numerical data by varying the thickness and pattern of vertical bars |
| Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags | tags containing minuscule microchips that transmit information via radio waves and can be used to track the number and location of the objects into which the tags have been inserted |
| data mining | the process of discovering unknown patterns and relationships in large amounts of data |
| authentication | making sure potential users are who they claim to be |
| authorization | granting authenticated users approved access to data, software, and systems |
| extranets | networks that allow companies to exchange information and conduct transactions with outsiders by providing them direct, web-based access to authorized parts of a company's intranet or information system |
| knowledge | the understanding that one gains from information |
| productivity | a measure of performance that indicates how many inputs it takes to produce or create an output |
| characteristics of quality products | reliability, serviceability, and durability |
| ISO 14000 | a series of international standards for managing, monitoring, and minimizing an organization's harmful effects on the environment |
| Baldridge Award | given "to recognize U.S. companies for their achievements in quality and business performance and to raise awareness about the importance of quality and performance excellence as a competitive advantage |
| TQM (total quality management) | an integrated, principle-based, organization-wide strategy for improving product and service quality |
| Service recovery | restoring customer satisfaction to strongly dissatisfied customers |
| inventory turnover | the number of times per year that a company sells, or "turns over", its average inventory |
Created by:
nolanwiltshire
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